Revising A Final Edit
Revising A Final Edit
Roxane Gay
MEANING OR ABOUTNESS
What is the piece about? State what you think the essay is about in one sentence.
Is the essay’s “aboutness” SHOWN not TOLD? Are specific illustrations and examples provided instead of
just an overview of what happens?
Is the leap of significance made for the reader?
TENSION
Where does the tension in the essay lie?
Are there several kinds of tensions at work?
Are there tensions left unresolved?
TIME
How has the writer treated the movement of time?
If there are varying time periods, does the writer move the reader through it smoothly, effectively?
SENSE OF PLACE
Is the setting rendered in sensory detail? Do the details heighten the atmosphere?
Are they authentic, believable?
Does the author’s treatment of the setting enhance the reader’s understanding of what the essay
is about?
CHARACTERS (the same litmus test as fiction and this includes the first person (I) of the nonfiction essay)
What complexities do they reflect?
What details of the lives move you?
Identify details, actions, speeches that enhance the essay’s sense of character.
DIALOGUE
Identify dialogue in which the characters’ voices seem especially in tune with who they are.
Is there any dialogue that doesn’t ring true or seem believable? Forced?
Does the dialogue work on multiple levels to MIC? Move the story, inform the reader and charac-
terize?
Too much dialogue?
Too little dialogue?
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Writing Creative Nonfiction: Revising Your Work
Roxane Gay
DIALOGUE
Is the tone of the essay consistent?
Do the words, sentences, rhythms used hit the same note?
Do the words, sentences, etc. suit the time, place, situation?
SCENE
Consider the way in which the writer has used the fictional element of scene.
Is each scene fully rendered? Any missed opportunities?
Any parts of the essay that would be better enhanced by the use of scene?
EMOTIONAL OUTLINE
Is there an emotional thru-line?
Is the emotion in synch with the movement of the story?
TRANSITIONS
Where are they?
How do they work to make the story of the essay vivid and continuous?
Are there places that need stronger transitions?
THE OPENING
How does the first line, the opening paragraph prepare readers for what the essay will be about?
What promises does it make to the reader?
Does the opening break the contract with the reader?
What evidence of the “about” is found at the beginning?
THE END
In what way does the essay come full circle?
Is the ending satisfying?
CLARITY OF PROSE
Do the sentences actually say what you mean?
Any awkward sentences, paragraphs?
TITLE
Is it effective? Appropriate?
How could it be better?
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Writing Creative Nonfiction: Revising Your Work
Roxane Gay
Use these questions to formulate your critiques and to revise—feel free to vary from these
questions as they are designed to simply get you started and to be a guide.
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