Engine Oil Pressure - Test

SMCS - 1304-081

The engine oil pressure may be checked electronically by using Caterpillar Electronic
Technician (ET). The engine oil pressure can be measured with Cat ET. Refer to
Troubleshooting for information on the use of Cat ET.

Measuring Engine Oil Pressure

Work carefully around an engine that is running. Engine parts that are
hot, or parts that are moving, can cause personal injury.

NOTICE
Keep all parts clean from contaminants.
Contaminants may cause rapid wear and shortened component life.

NOTICE
Care must be taken to ensure that fluids are contained during
performance of inspection, maintenance, testing, adjusting and repair
of the product. Be prepared to collect the fluid with suitable containers
before opening any compartment or disassembling any component
containing fluids.

Refer to Special Publication, NENG2500, "Caterpillar Tools and Shop

Products Guide" for tools and supplies suitable to collect and contain
fluids on Caterpillar products.

Dispose of all fluids according to local regulations and mandates.

Table 1

Tools Needed

Part Number Part Name Quantity

1U-5470 Engine Pressure Group 1

or or
 198-4240 Digital Pressure Indicator

8J-7844 Adapter Fitting 1

3K-0360 O-Ring Seal 1

4M-5317 Reducing Bushing

or or 1
5P-2720 Probe Adapter Gp

Ver imagen

Illustration 1 g00296486
1U-5470 Engine Pressure Group

Refer to Special Instruction, SEHS8907, "Using the 1U-5470 Engine Pressure Group " for
the instructions that are needed to use the 1U-5470 Engine Pressure Group. Refer to
Operation Manual, NEHS0818, "Using the 198-4240 Digital Pressure Indicator " for the
instructions that are needed to use the 198-4240 Digital Pressure Indicator .
 Ver imagen

Illustration 2 g01140362
Oil Gallery Plug

(1) Plug
1. Install the 1U-5470 Engine Pressure Group into oil gallery plug (1) .

Note: Engine oil pressure to the camshaft and main bearings should be checked on
each side of the cylinder block at oil gallery plug (1) .

2. Start the engine. Refer to the Operation and Maintenance Manual for the
recommendations of engine oil.

Note: Allow the engine to reach operating temperature before you perform the
pressure test.

3. Record the value of the engine oil pressure when the engine has reached operating
temperature.

The engine oil temperature should not exceed 104 °C (220 °F).

The minimum engine oil pressure at 1200 rpm should be approximately 275 kPa (40
psi). Minimum engine oil pressure at low idle rpm (400 to 600 rpm) should be
approximately 100 kPa (15 psi).
 The maximum oil pressure should be no higher than 600 kPa (88 psi) for all rpm
ranges.

4. Compare the recorded engine oil pressure with the oil pressure indicators on the
instrument panel and the engine oil pressure that is displayed on the Cat ET.

5. An engine oil pressure indicator that has a defect or an engine oil pressure sensor
that has a defect can give a false indication of a low oil pressure or a high oil
pressure. If there is a notable difference between the engine oil pressure readings
make necessary repairs.

6. If you determine that the engine oil pressure is low, refer to "Reasons for Low
Engine Oil Pressure".

7. If you determine that the engine oil pressure is high, refer to "Reason for High
Engine Oil Pressure".

Reasons for Low Engine Oil Pressure

NOTICE
Keep all parts clean from contaminants.
Contaminants may cause rapid wear and shortened component life.

NOTICE
Care must be taken to ensure that fluids are contained during
performance of inspection, maintenance, testing, adjusting and repair
of the product. Be prepared to collect the fluid with suitable containers
before opening any compartment or disassembling any component
containing fluids.

Refer to Special Publication, NENG2500, "Caterpillar Tools and Shop

Products Guide" for tools and supplies suitable to collect and contain
fluids on Caterpillar products.

Dispose of all fluids according to local regulations and mandates.

 Engine oil level is low. Refer to Step 1.

 Engine oil is contaminated. Refer to Step 2.
 The engine oil bypass valves are open. Refer to Step 3.
 The engine lubrication system is open. Refer to Step 4.
 The oil suction tube has a leak or a restricted inlet screen. Refer to Step 5.
 The engine oil pump is faulty. Refer to Step 6.
 Engine bearings have excessive clearance. Refer to Step 7.

1. Check the engine oil level in the crankcase. The oil level can possibly be too far
below the oil pump supply tube. This will cause the oil pump not to have the ability
to supply enough lubrication to the engine components. If the engine oil level is low
add engine oil in order to obtain the correct engine oil level. Refer to Operation and
Maintenance Manual for the recommendations of engine oil.

2. Engine oil that is contaminated with fuel or coolant will cause low engine oil pressure. High
engine oil level in the crankcase can be an indication of contamination. Determine the
reason for contamination of the engine oil and make the necessary repairs. Replace the
engine oil with the approved grade of engine oil. Also replace the engine oil filter. Refer to
Operation and Maintenance Manual for the recommendations of engine oil.

NOTICE
Caterpillar oil filters are built to Caterpillar specifications. Use of an oil
filter not recommended by Caterpillar could result in severe engine
damage to the engine bearings, crankshaft, etc., as a result of the larger
waste particles from unfiltered oil entering the engine lubricating
system. Only use oil filters recommended by Caterpillar.

3. If the engine oil bypass valves are held in the open position, a reduction in the oil
pressure can be the result. This may be due to debris in the engine oil. If the engine
oil bypass valves are stuck in the open position, remove each engine oil bypass
valve and clean each bypass valve in order to correct this problem. You must also
clean each bypass valve bore. Install new engine oil filters. For information on the
repair of the engine oil bypass valves, refer to Disassembly and Assembly, "Engine
Oil Filter Base - Disassemble".

4. An oil line or an oil passage that is open, broken, or disconnected will cause low
engine oil pressure. An open lubrication system could be caused by a piston cooling
jet that is missing or damaged.

Note: The piston cooling jets direct engine oil toward the bottom of the piston in
order to cool the piston. This also provides lubrication for the piston pin. Breakage,
a restriction, or incorrect installation of the piston cooling jets will cause seizure of
the piston.

5. The inlet screen of the oil suction tube for the engine oil pump can have a
restriction. This restriction will cause cavitation and a loss of engine oil pressure.
Check the inlet screen on the oil pickup tube and remove any material that may be
restricting engine oil flow. Low engine oil pressure may also be the result of the oil
 pickup tube that is drawing in air. Check the joints of the oil pickup tube for cracks
or a damaged O-ring seal. Remove the engine oil pan in order to gain access to the
oil pickup tube and the oil screen. Refer to Disassembly and Assembly, "Engine Oil
Pan - Remove and Install" for more information.

6. Check the following problems that may occur to the engine oil pump.
a. Air leakage in the supply side of the oil pump will also cause cavitation and
loss of oil pressure. Check the supply side of the oil pump and make
necessary repairs. For information on the repair of the engine oil pump, refer
to Disassembly and Assembly, "Engine Oil Pump - Remove".

b. Oil pump gears that have too much wear will cause a reduction in oil
pressure. Repair the engine oil pump. For information on the repair of the
engine oil pump, refer to Disassembly and Assembly, "Engine Oil Pump -
Remove".

7. Excessive clearance at engine bearings will cause low engine oil pressure. Check
the engine components that have excessive bearing clearance and make the
necessary repairs.

Reason for High Engine Oil Pressure

NOTICE
Keep all parts clean from contaminants.
Contaminants may cause rapid wear and shortened component life.

NOTICE
Care must be taken to ensure that fluids are contained during
performance of inspection, maintenance, testing, adjusting and repair
of the product. Be prepared to collect the fluid with suitable containers
before opening any compartment or disassembling any component
containing fluids.

Refer to Special Publication, NENG2500, "Caterpillar Tools and Shop

Products Guide" for tools and supplies suitable to collect and contain
fluids on Caterpillar products.

Dispose of all fluids according to local regulations and mandates.

Engine oil pressure will be high if the engine oil bypass valves become stuck in the closed position
and the engine oil flow is restricted. Foreign matter in the engine oil system could be the cause for
the restriction of the oil flow and the movement of the engine oil bypass valves. If the engine oil
bypass valves are stuck in the closed position, remove each bypass valve and clean each bypass
valve in order to correct this problem. You must also clean each bypass valve bore. Install new
engine oil filters. New engine oil filters will prevent more debris from causing this problem. For
information on the repair of the engine oil filter bypass valve, refer to Disassembly and Assembly,
"Engine Oil Filter Base - Disassemble".

NOTICE
Caterpillar oil filters are built to Caterpillar specifications. Use of an oil
filter not recommended by Caterpillar could result in severe engine
damage to the engine bearings, crankshaft, etc., as a result of the larger
waste particles from unfiltered oil entering the engine lubricating
system. Only use oil filters recommended by Caterpillar.

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