Assonance
Assonance
Mother Goose poems typically contain a great deal of alliteration. Poems with alliteration can be
easier to memorize, which is why adults are often able to easily recall the nursery rhymes associated
with their childhood. Consider the alliteration of the "b" sounds in "Betty Botter."
Betty Botter bought some butter,
"But," she said, "the butter's bitter;
If I put it in my batter,
It will make my batter bitter;
But a bit of better butter,
That would make my batter better."
So she bought a bit of butter,
Better than her bitter butter,
And she put it in her batter,
And the batter was not bitter;
So it was better that Betty Botter
Bought a bit of better butter
Shel Silverstein frequently used alliteration in his poems for children to create a fanciful tone, even
when it meant creating nonsense words. "The Gnome, The Gnat, & The Gnu" repeats the "gn" sound
throughout the verse.
I saw an ol' gnome
Take a gknock at a gnat
Who was gnibbling the gnose of his gnu.
I said, "Gnasty gnome,
Gnow, stop doing that.
That gnat ain't done gnothing to you."
He gnodded his gnarled ol' head and said,
"'Til gnow I gnever gnew
That gknocking a gnat
In the gnoodle like that
Was gnot a gnice thing to do."
Dr. Seuss used alliteration to make his books fun to read and listen to, though like tongue twisters,
read too quickly and you could find yourself tripping over your tongue. Consider this passage
from Fox in Socks:
Through three cheese trees three free fleas flew. While these fleas flew, freezy breeze blew. Freezy
breeze made these three trees freeze. Freezy trees made these trees' cheese freeze. That's what made
these three free fleas sneeze.
Alliteration in Poetry
William Shakespeare's work frequently featured alliteration. There are several examples in Romeo
and Juliet, but his poetry often used alliteration too. In "Sonnet 5," for example, the "b" sound in
beauty, bareness, and bereft set a romantic tone. In the last line, the "s" in show, substance, and sweet
provide a soothing rhythm:
For never-resting time leads summer on
To hideous winter and confounds him there,
Sap checked with frost and lusty leaves quite gone,
Beauty o'er-snowed and bareness everywhere.
Then were not summer's distillation left,
A liquid prisoner pent in walls of glass,
Beauty's effect with beauty were bereft,
Nor it nor no remembrance what it was.
But flowers distilled, though they with winter meet,
Leese but their show; their substance still lives sweet.
"The Raven" by Edgar Allan Poe uses alliteration in word pairs. In the first three lines of the poem,
there are three examples: weak/weary, quaint/curious, and nodded/nearly napping.
Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary,
Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore, -
While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping.
"Birches" by Robert Frost repeats the "b" sound throughout the first four lines to emphasize the
dominant theme of the poem.
When I see birches bend to left and right
Across the lines of straighter darker trees,
I like to think some boy's been swinging them.
But swinging doesn't bend them down to stay.
"Much Madness Is Divinest Sense" by Emily Dickinson uses alliteration of the "m" sound in the title.
This is repeated in the poem itself to encourage readers to contemplate what it means to be mad.
Much Madness is divinest Sense -
To a discerning Eye -
Much Sense -- the starkest Madness -
'Tis the Majority
In this, as All, prevail -
Assent - and you are sane -
Demur - you're straightway dangerous -
And handled with a Chain -
"The Rime of the Ancient Mariner" is Samuel Taylor Coleridge's longest poem, featuring rhythmic
groupings of alliteration throughout. In the following excerpt, cheered/cleared/kirk, sun/sea/shone,
beat/breast/bassoon, red/rose, and merry/minstrelsy are examples of alliterative devices.
'The ship was cheered, the harbour cleared,
Merrily did we drop
Below the kirk, below the hill,
Below the lighthouse top.
The Sun came up upon the left,
Out of the sea came he!
And he shone bright, and on the right
Went down into the sea.
Higher and higher every day,
Till over the mast at noon-'
The Wedding-Guest here beat his breast,
For he heard the loud bassoon.
The bride hath paced into the hall,
Red as a rose is she;
Nodding their heads before her goes
The merry minstrelsy.
Thomas Hardy creates rhythm in his poem "In a Whispering Garden" by combining several examples
of alliteration, such as the "s" sound in spirit, speaking, spell, spot, splendid, and soul. "Gaunt gray
gallery" is another alliterative phrase that allows the reader to immediately conjure a visual image of
the poem's setting.
That whisper takes the voice
Of a Spirit, speaking to me,
Close, but invisible,
And throws me under a spell
At the kindling vision it brings;
And for a moment I rejoice,
And believe in transcendent things
That would make of this muddy earth
A spot for the splendid birth
Of everlasting lives,
Whereto no night arrives;
And this gaunt gray gallery
A tabernacle of worth
On this drab-aired afternoon,
When you can barely see
Across its hazed lacune
If opposite aught there be
Of fleshed humanity
Wherewith I may commune;
Or if the voice so near
Be a soul's voice floating here.
Examples of Alliteration
Alliterative sentences
Note that alliteration does not depend on letters but on sounds, so "Kim came" is
alliteration, even though the the words start with different letters.
Come and clean the chaos in your closet.
The big, bad bear scared all the baby bunnies by the bushes.
Shut the shutters before the banging sound makes you shudder.
Go and gather the green leaves on the grass.
Please put away your paints and practice the piano.
Round and round she ran until she realized she was running round and round.
I had to hurry home where grandma was waiting for her waffles.
The boy buzzed around as busy as a bee.
Garry grumpily gathered the garbage.
Those lazy lizards are lying like lumps in the leaves.
Paula planted the pretty pink poppies in the pot.
Kim came to help us cut out a colorful kite for Chris.
Bake a big cake with lots of butter and bring it to the birthday bash.
Paula's prancing pony out-performed all the others.
Little Larry likes licking the sticky lollipop.
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