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The Emergence of Pakistan

The book outlines the emergence of Pakistan from 1946-1948 by discussing three key parts: 1) The historical relations between Muslims and Hindus in British-ruled India. 2) The period of Pakistan's independence movement and key events around the partition plan. 3) The challenges facing the new nation of Pakistan including refugee settlement, territorial disputes, and financial/administrative issues.

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1K views3 pages

The Emergence of Pakistan

The book outlines the emergence of Pakistan from 1946-1948 by discussing three key parts: 1) The historical relations between Muslims and Hindus in British-ruled India. 2) The period of Pakistan's independence movement and key events around the partition plan. 3) The challenges facing the new nation of Pakistan including refugee settlement, territorial disputes, and financial/administrative issues.

Uploaded by

Hadee Saber
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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THE EMERGENCE OF PAKISTAN

Chaudhry Muhammad Ali


This book contains mainly an account of the events from 1946-48 following the partition and
creation of the two independent sovereign states; Pakistan and Union of India. The initial part
of the book contains the historical background of all those events and last part deals with the
challenging problems which the newly born state Pakistan had faced. In other words, this book
has mainly three parts, which are: The historical background before the emergence of Pakistan,
the real period of the emergence of Pakistan starting from 1946 till the independence and the
phase of hurdles and hindrances after the emergence of Pakistan. That’s the reason; the author
had kept the name of the book as ‘The Emergence of Pakistan.’

The initial part contains a historical background in which the author writes about the relations
of the Muslims and Hindus living together before the arrival of British. Hindus and Muslims had
different cultures and traditions right from the past, Hindus had caste system while Muslims
believed in equality. After the series of the invasions by the Muslims starting with Muhammad
bin Qasim’s invasion of Sindh in 712 and ending with Ahmad Shah Abdali’s victory over the
Maratha confederacy in 1761, the Muslims came to the Indian subcontinent in the waves of
conquest. Muslims as conquering heroes struck terror in the Hindu heart; and those who went
against the Muslim Empire appeared as rebels to the Muslims but patriots in Hindu eyes. After
the intervention of British Rule, they took favor from these conditions, as the author writes in
the book: “When the British appeared on the scene, they saw that it would be to their
advantage to heighten these contrasts. There was even a deliberate attempt to rewrite Indian
history, so as to show Muslims as oppressors and prosecutors in order that the Hindus, who
formed the bulk of population, should have a more lively appreciation of the British rule”. In
this way, the Muslim empire went declining and the British became the master of the sub-
continent continuing the historical background of this book from their invasion till the Pakistan
Resolution.

The second and main part of the book which the author feels, is the period of the emergence of
Pakistan, contains a series of events from 1946 till the independence. As the author was itself
part of the struggle in these events, so he considers this period important in the history of
Pakistan. In this period, firstly the Cabinet Mission Plan and the Interim Government was
launched by the British in which, the author describes, how the British officials released the
Indian political leaders from prison who created agitation for them and said them to leave India
and gave them the representation in the government, this idea was directly influencing the
representation of the natives in the government but indirectly British wanted to wash out the
idea of independence from the British Rule from the mind of the natives by giving them
representation. This was the period of 1946, when Muslim nominated leader, Liaquat Ali Khan,
was given the ministry of finance and in the following year, he presented to the central
assembly his budget known as the Poor Man’s Budget. This was the first budget made by a non-
British Finance Minister in undivided India. The year which was now running was 1947, when
the newly appointed Viceroy of India, Lord Mountbatten, carried out his missions which were to
make a peaceful transfer of power from British to Indian hands and by the middle of April,
1947, Mountbatten had worked out a partition plan, the principles of which were that if
partition came, it should be the responsibility of the Indians; provinces should have the right to
determine their own future. While the partition plan was in the process, many problems had
been faced while making of it, it was very difficult to define the boundaries as the Hindus and
Sikhs wanted Punjab to be divided and in many cities the population of both parties was equal.
3rd June was the date when the Partition plan was on the table and Lord Mountbatten called a
conference of 7 leaders which also included Nehru, Jinnah and Liaquat Ali Khan. The main thesis
of the plan was that power should be transferred in accordance with the wishes of the people
themselves. The author describes in his book, the period after the making of Partition Plan and
the Radcliffe’s Award, the last event before the partition of India and making of Pakistan. The
author has also described the acceptance and the affirmation of Muhammad Ali Jinnah about
the Partition of India which he described in his speech during the Radcliff’s Award and is
mentioned in the book.

The third and the last part of the book deals with the problems faced by the newly born state of
Pakistan. The author has described many problems faced by the government of Pakistan and its
people after the partition and the emergence of Pakistan. After the partition, the Muslims and
the Hindus had to settle themselves in their respective countries, for that, they had to migrate
from their current place to their original place but, in between, the Great Holocaust took place
and many people had been killed during the migration due to the aggression of both Hindus
and Muslims showing hostility to each other. Another problem was of the Rehabilitation of
Refugees. The main and root problem now was the Junagadh, Hyderabad and Kashmir issue in
which the people in majority wanted to join their respective countries but their leaders wanted
something else which resulted in conflict and Junagadh and Hyderabad became the part of
India and Kashmir became the undefined territory. These problems, as mentioned by the
author in the book, were on both sides but the problems faced by Pakistan particular were the
Indus water dispute because Punjab was divided and both acquired water and Pakistan was in
loss, this problem was later solved and the author was the most active member in the solution
of this problem. Other problems were the financial and economic problems and the
administrative and political problems faced by newly born state of Pakistan because of the less
amount of finance given to Pakistan and the difficulties in making of law and constitution
respectively. These problems made Pakistan unstable and it seemed that Pakistan will soon be
perished but these problems were solved, not swiftly but gradually.

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