BS 2790: 1992 Section five Issue 1, January 1992 Below 300°C, the boiler may be costed in stil ar. (f) The temperatures specified shall be the actuot ‘temperatures of any part of the boiler as determined by ‘thermocouples in contact with the boiler. Furnace atmosphore temperatures may be used to indicate metal temperatures provided that evidence exists that such readings correspond to the metal temperatures within close limits end that such imits hi between the manufacturer and the Inspec {see 1.7.2.3 (i). A.sufficient number of temperatures shall be recorded continuously and automatically to ensure that all the requirements of 5.5.2.3 are complied with, 5.8.2.4 Check of post weld heat treatment. The inspector shall satisfy himself that post weld heat treatment has been correctly performed and that the temperature readings : comply with the requirements, ib 5.5.2.5 Methods of heat treatment. Heat treatment shall be ‘effected where required by one of the following methods, (2) By heating the boiler as a whole in an enclosed furnace, (b) By heat treatment of an end plate, oF a course af # shell having welded-on attachments, before the end or ‘course is attached to the remaining parts. Where this is done, further stressrelieving may be necessary on completion, (c} By heat treatment ofa shell in sections in an enclosed furnace. Where this method is adopted, the heazed sections shall overlap by at least 1500 mm and the portion outside the furnace shall be sufficfently shielded 50 that there shall be no harmful temperature gradient. 5.5.2.6 Hest treatment of test specimens. Test plates welded In accordance with 5.4.6 shall receive the same heat trest- ‘ment whore applicable as the shell they represent. ‘Where the shell is given a primary heat treatment in every way similar to that to be given to it.on completion, the test plates shall be heat tceated attached to or lying inside or alongside the shell, Where the shell is not given a primary heat treatment, ors siven a primary treatment that is net identical with the al treatment, the test plates may be heat treated with ‘another shell which is to be heat treated in accordance with this standard, The hest treatment shall take place ina furnece in which the drum or shell to which the test plates relate will receive its final treatment. In such cases ‘temperature-time records shall be provided to show that she test plates and the parts to which they relate have received similar treatment in respect of heating, soaking and cooling. ‘Where test plates are heat treated independently, the follow: ing factors shall be the same for both the test plate and the related shel : (1) rate of heating (2) maximum temperature; (3) time held at temperature; {4) condition of cooling. Heat treatment temperatures of separately heated test plates shall be recorded. 5.5.3 Heat treatment of test materials. The pré-heat, terpass temperature, intermediate and post-heat tre iments, as applicable, for test materials shall be the same as, for production welding, although the pre-heat temperature used during fabrication may be increased by up to 100°C. viithout requalification, Subsequent heat treatment of test materials, i. normalizing or grain refining, tempering or stress relief, shall be the same for the test as for production welding. 5.5.4 Other heat treatments 5.5.4.1. A normalizing heat treatment, or other treatments according to the type of steel, as agreed between the manufacturer, purchaser and Inspecting and/or Regulating ‘Authority, shall be carried out before or after welding hot-formed parts, unless the process of hot forming is carried out within the appropriate temperature range (see 1.7.2.3). 5.5.4.2 If a normalizing heat treatment is carried out, ‘the part to be normalized shall be brought up to the required temperature slowly and held at that temperature for 2 period just sufficient to soak the part thoroughly. If the geometry of the part causes incufficiently homoge: neous cooling, #streserelieving heat treatment shall be applied after the normalizing heat treatment, 5.6 Nondestructive testing 5.8.1 General 5.6.1.1 For acceptance purposes, class | and class I! boilers shall be subjected to non-destructive testing in accordance with the requirements of 5.6.2 and 5.8.3. NOTE 1. For the gurposes of ths stenderd the term ‘non-destructive testing’ coves the conventional techniaues one, ins. e ‘nore destructive method of examinatlon but inthis standard is ditine juished {see ,6.1.2/rom the conventional nondestructive testing method. NOTE 2. Nondestructive teting is not required for else It boilers forthe purpores ofthis standard NOTE 3. Nondestructive testIng may also be used by the manuts ‘wrer during constuction as part of the quality eoettol arocess NOTE 4. Nondestructive testing of tube-totube alate and bar soy toa late welds isnot required. > uetive testing may be eateled out before ott If during the application of any one of the non-destructive ‘techniques, the results obtained do not permit a final decision to be made in accordance with the acceptance criteria specified in §.7 another of the techniques shall be ‘order to reach a final decision, 5.6.1.2 In addition to the requirements of 6.6.1.1, all wolds of class |, class I] and class 111 boilers shall be visually inspected in accordance with the recommendations of BS 5289, 6.6.1.3 Non-destructive testing shall be carried out to written procedures provided by the manufacturer and approved by the Inspecting Authority. 5.6.1.4 Nondestructive testing personnel shall hold an appropriate certificate of competence (e.g. CSWIP) whichis recognized by the Inspecting Authority; otherwise the Inspecting Authority shall satisty iteelf az to the compe: tence of such personnel, 5.6.2 Extent of non-destructive testing 8.6.2.1 Parent material. in the case 6f set-on end plates in accordance with figures 8(3}(c) and (d) the requirements cof quality grades Lé ar. C4 of BS 5996 shall apply. To minimize the risk of laminar type defects occurring near welds of setin plates it is recommenced that the edges of shell and furnace plates be ultrasonically tested in areas ‘which willbe located adjacent to end plate welds, and that edge discontinuity quality grade E of BS 5996 should be used as aquide to acceptability, Imperfections affecting the plate edges shall only be repaired by welding procedures approved in accordance with 6.4.3. Repaired areas shall bbe subjected to repeat ultrasonic tests, cee accordance with figures B(3)(c) (} are employed, Sie plates shall Ge vubjected %0 ie ae 88.2790: 1992 a Section five } Issue 2, December 1994.” ‘hall ast edge dicontioutey grade SS of BSSEEE, The cepstad watt al compiy with 87 of is [ andar ! ‘The edges of shell and furnace plates adjacent to the welds of set-in end plates shall be ultrasonically tested to the ti same percentage as that given intabie 56.2.21 ater 4! completion. of the welding of the seams. The acceptance evel for laminar type defects shall be exge discontinuity rade € of BS 5986 Lala esting sal not be permitted | Plate edge imperfections chall only be repaired by welding procedures approved in accordance with 5.4.3. Repaired areas shall be subjected to repeat ultrasonic tests, 8.6.2.2 Welded seams 9.6.2.2.1 Buttwelded seams. Buttwelded seams shall be subjected to radiographic or ulteaconic testing as given in table 56.2.2.1. Table 5.6.2.2.1 Extent of radiographic or ultrasonic testing for butt welds fl Component] Type of wats | Wald location Figure no. | Testing achnigus | Rots = Sew coanonnte| sal ea ai) [faaonomear Pisealtoo Tao 1) = ultrasonic : 7 Cireumferentiat | Between shell sections | (2) | Radiogrephicor | 42 | 25 | 10 {| 3 a ultrasoni and 5 Circumferential | Between shell sections B(1) and | Radiographic or 124 i256 110 and flanged end plates | B(2)a—_ J ultrazonie and ll Circumferential | Between shell sections | &(S)cand| Radiographieor | — | 100. | 100 and set-on end plates BE3}d | ultrasonic At junction of shel! = (aha and | Ultrasonic | 2eas} 10 | 10 with set-in end plates B(3)b L fi Flatend | Butt Between the two sections | 8(2) Radiographic or 2 25 10 | plates in large diameter end uitraonie | plates { Furnaces | Longitudinat | ta furnace sections Bt) [Rediogaphicor | tarda 10 | 10 4 sutracone | Gicumteent| Beiwenturacescions | Bt) | Aaconapricor raw} vo [ve TL aitrasnie : carsferental | Bexween furnace sections | @(1) | Raciographicor | teraz) 10 | 10 ad bowling hoops oltarone Cicumferentat | Between furnace sections | 816) [Radiographicor | 1enaal 10 | 10 ane flanged end plates, altasonie a 3(4) End plate reverse side fillet welds. For class | and class Il boilors, the reverse side fillet weld of boiler end plate to shell attachments and furnace to end plate and reversal chamber tubeplate attachments shall be ‘examined for surface flaws over ther full length, or a5 far as access permis, by magnetic particle or dye penetrant methods, except when the fillet weld was Completed before welding from the other side, In thie case, it shatl be permissible to reduce the smount of ‘magnetic particte or dye ponetrant testing to not less than 10 % of the total ength of welding of each seam, (e) Lifting lug attachment welds. Liting lug attachment ‘welds of the full penetcation type shall be examined over their full length by the ultrasonic method, When litting gs are attached by fillet welds, the welds shall be examined for surface flaws over their full length by ‘magnetic particle or penetrant methods. {f) Welds of permanent major load eacrying attachments. For elass | boilers, the welds shall be examined over 25 % of their length by ultrasonic methods in the case of full penetration welds, and by magnetic particle or penetrant methods in the case of fillet welds, For class 1t boilers, it shall be permissible to reduce the amount of nondestructive examination to 10%, (g) Fitter welds other than those referred to in (b) to UH. For class | boilers, 25 % of the total length of fillet ‘welds shall be examined tor surtace flaws by magnetic particle or penetrant methods, For clas! boilers, it shal be permissible to reduce the amount of nondestructive examination to 10%. 5.6.2.2.3 Acceptance of spot non-destructive testing. ta welded seam reveals an unacceptable detect (see 8.7} the entire seam shall be subjected to non-destructive testing. 5.6.2.24 Nondestructive testing of repaired seams. Alter» ‘repair has been carried out toa welded seam, the repaired section shall be fully non-destructively tested by all the techniques specified for the original weld 5.6.3 Nondestructive testing techniques 5.6.3.1 Radiographic techniques 5.6.1.1 Radiographic examination shall be in accordance with 8872600)" Pait 3.88 2800 FPart2 ory °BS,2976, of appropriate, Because several techniques with dilterng sensitivities are detalled in theve standarc, iit necessary to specity foreach particular epplication which {echnique is required to be uitd. For thicknesses up to 50 mm Xray techniques shall normally be used, Other techniques may be used provided it ean be demonstrated to the satisfaction ofthe Insgecting Authority that scequate sensitivity ean be obtained Radiographic sersitivity shall be determined in accordence with table 7 of 8S 3871 1920, which values for thicknesses up-to 180 mm. The values given in section A of table 7 of BS 3071 : 1980 shall as the moximum acceptable percentage sens for weehnigues 1 and 2 of BS 2600 Part ecuipment groups A, B,C. and D of BS 2600 1973 and techniques 1, 7 and 19 of BS 2910: 1086. Section five Issue 2, March 1995 ‘The values in section B of table 7 of BS 3071 : 1880 shalt bbe used for the rem ing techniques in these standards. 5.8.3.1.2 Marking and identificetion of radiographs. Each section of weld radiographed shall have suitable ‘symbols affixed to identity the following: {a the job or work-piece serial number,order number, or similar distinctive reference number: (6) the joint; {el the section of the joint; {8} errows, or other symbols, alongside but elew of the unter ecget of the weld to identity its position clearly, The symbols, consisting of lead arrows, letters and/or numerals, shal be positioned so that their images appear in the radiograph to ensure unequivocal identification of the section, raphs sre required of the entire length of a welded seam, sufficient overlap shall be provided to ensure that ‘the radiographs cover the whole of the welded seam and ach radiograoh shat! exhibit a number near each end. Radiographs of repair welds shall be clearly idemtified as Ri, R2, ete, forthe first repair, second repair, ete 5.6.32 Uhrasonic techniqu: 5.6.3.3 Mognti parte techniques. Magnetic particle insection tenniques sal comply nal erpectr with 85 8092, Their ute shal be limited to applications where Surface laws are being sought Particular care shall be taken to avoid damage tothe surface by muse ofthe magnetic equipment employed auch camage occurs it shall be remedied to the sae faction of the Inpecting Authority, non-destructive testing 5.8.3.5.1. Radiography. Surfaces shail be de ed only + where weld ripples or weld surface iecegularities will interfere ith interpretation of the radiogranhs, 8.63.52 Ultrasonics. The condition of the surfaces thet willbe in contact with the probe shall! be in accordance with BS 3923, 5.6.3.5. Megnetic particle method, The surtace shall be {tee of any foreign matter which would interfere with interpretation of the test and shall, where necessary. be dressed to permit accurate interpretation of indications, NOTE. tt ronethgorercent resting mecia ae employed,» suitable contrait nectar I ing withthe requirements of ‘leaning and prior to magneton, iit