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Civil Engineering Formulas 2

This document provides definitions and formulas for key geotechnical engineering terms related to soil properties. It includes formulas and descriptions for porosity, degree of saturation, moisture content, unit weight, dry unit weight, saturated unit weight, submerged unit weight, specific gravity of solids, void ratio, consistency limits, and other soil properties. Relationships are shown between specific gravity, water content, saturation, and void ratio. Methods for determining liquid limit, plastic limit, and shrinkage limit via common tests are also summarized.

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345 views3 pages

Civil Engineering Formulas 2

This document provides definitions and formulas for key geotechnical engineering terms related to soil properties. It includes formulas and descriptions for porosity, degree of saturation, moisture content, unit weight, dry unit weight, saturated unit weight, submerged unit weight, specific gravity of solids, void ratio, consistency limits, and other soil properties. Relationships are shown between specific gravity, water content, saturation, and void ratio. Methods for determining liquid limit, plastic limit, and shrinkage limit via common tests are also summarized.

Uploaded by

Jonathan
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING FORMULAS Porosity, n

Symbols and Notations


e = void ratio
n = porosity
Degree of Saturation, S
w = moisture content, water content
s = specific gravity of any substance
G = specific gravity of solids
S = degree of saturation
V = volume of soil mass Moisture content, MC
Va = volume of air
Vw = volume of water
Vs = volume of solids
Vv = volume of voids
W = total weight of soil Unit Weight, γm
Ww = weight of water
Ws = weight of solids
Dr = relative density
γm = unit weight of soil mass, moist unit weight, bulk Dry Unit Weight, γd
unit weight
γs = unit weight of soil solids
γw = unit weight of water
γb = γ′ = buoyant unit weight, submerged unit Saturated Unit Weight, γsat
weight
γd = γdry = dry unit weight
γsat = saturated unit weight
LL = liquid limit
PL = plastic limit
LI = liquidity index Submerged/Buoyant/Effective Unit Weight, γ'/ γb
PI = plasticity index
GI = group index

Specific Gravity of Solid Particles, G

Relationship between G, w, S, and e


GMC = Se

Critical hydraulic gradient, icr

Relative Density, Dr

Void Ratio, e
where w1 and w2 are the water content corresponding
to number of blows N1 and N2, respectively.

Fall Cone Method for Liquid and Plastic Limit


Tests

Relationship e and n

Consistency of Soil (Atterberg Limits)

Shrinkage Limit Test

Casagrande Cup Method for Liquid Limit Test Shrinkage Ratio

Specific gravity of solids

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