Design

Activated Sludge Conventional

Plug Flow Regime

1. Data Perencanaan (Dari faktor desain)

No. Kriteria Desain Unit Nilai
1. Debit Puncak, Qp m3/detik 0.206
3
2. Debit rata-rata,Qr m /detik 0.085
3 Kecapatan aliran saat Qp, V m/s 1.21
4 Tinggi air, h m 2.5
5 Tinggi Tanki m (2 – 4)
6 Waktu tinggal, HRT Jam 4–8
7 Freeboard m 0.5
8 Panjang : Lebar m (2 – 4):1
9 MLSS mg/L 1500 - 3000
10 Rasio sirculasi (Qr/Qo) % 20 - 40
11 Effesiensi pengolahan % 85 – 95
12 BOD – MLSS loading (Ls) = F/M Kg BOD/Kg MLSS. hari 0.2 – 0.4
13 BOD volumetric loading (VL) Kg BOD/m3.hari 0.3 – 0.7
14 Sludge Retention Time (SRT), (θ) Hari 5 - 15
8,000 –
15 Konsentrasi SS dalam sludge mg/L
10,000
16 Css mg/L 88.20
17 CBOD mg/L 127.3
2. Menghitung Dimensi
a. Perhitungan Mixed Liqour Suspended Solid (MLSS)

𝐶𝑠𝑠 +𝑅.𝐶𝑟
MLSS (mg/L) =
1+𝑅
88.20+30% .10,000
=
1+30%
= 2375.5 mg/L (OKEE)

Keterangan :
R = faktor ratio sirculasi
Cr = Conc. SS di sludge, mg/L
Css = Conc. SS masuk reaktor, mg/L

b. Dimensi
Volume bak aerasi
𝐶𝐵𝑂𝐷 × 𝑄𝑝
Vol (m3) = 𝑀𝐿𝑆𝑆 × 𝐿𝑠

127.3 × (0.206 𝑥 86400)

= 2375.5 × 0.3

= 3180 m3
Keterangan :
CBOD = Conc. BOD masuk ke aerasi, kg/m3.
Qp = debit puncak, m3/hari.

Asumsi Tinggi air = 2.5 m

Surface area, A, (m2) = Vol/tinggi
= 3180/2.5
= 1272 m2

Panjang (P) : Lebar (L)

= 3 : 1 = Surface area
= (3L)(L) = 1272 m2
L = 20,1 m
P = 60,3 m
c. Waktu tinggal
𝑉
HRT (jam) = × 24 𝑗𝑎𝑚/ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑖
𝑄

= (3180/(0.206 x 86400)) x 24 𝑗𝑎𝑚/ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑖

= 4.3 jam (OKEEE)

d. Beban dalam bak aerasi

1. Beban BOD removal (Removal 90%)
Beban masuk = Q × BODin
= (0,206 m3/detik x 86400) x 127.3 mg/L
= 2265736 kg/hari
Beban keluar = Q x BODout
= (0,206 m3/detik x 86400) x (127.3 x 10%)
= 226574 kg/hari
Beban BOD diremoved = Beban masuk – Beban keluar
= 2265736 kg/hari - 226574 kg/hari
= 2039162 kg/hari
2. Beban ammonia removal (Removal 90%)
Beban masuk = Q × NH3in
= (0,206 m3/detik x 86400) x 25mg/L
= 444960 kg/hari
Beban keluar = Q × NH3out
= (0,206 m3/detik x 86400) x (25mg/L x 10%)
= 44496 kg/hari
Beban NH3 diremoved = Beban masuk – beban keluar
= 444960 kg/hari - 44496 kg/hari
= 400464 kg/hari
e. Produksi Sludge/Biomassa
1. Caused by BOD
Y BOD5 = 0.3 – 0.7 TVSS/BOD5
kd, BOD5 = 0.03 – 0.07 d-1
𝑌𝐵𝑂𝐷5
Y obs, BOD5 = (kg TVSS/kg BOD5)
1+ 𝑘𝑑,𝐵𝑂𝐷 × 𝑆𝑅𝑇

0.5
= (kg TVSS/kg BOD5)
1+ 0,05× 10

= 0.34 kg TVSS/kg BOD5

 Biomassa increase karena BOD5
Pertumbuhan biomassa Px, BOD5 (kg/hari)
= Yabs, BOD5 × (So – S) Q
= 0.34 x (127.3 – 12.7) x (0.206 x 86400)
= 693497 kg/hari
2. Caused by Amonia
YN = 0.2 kg TVSS/kg NH+4-N
kd, N = 0.05 – 0.06 d-1
𝑌𝑁
Y obs, N = (kg TVSS/kg NH+4-N)
1+ 𝑘𝑑,𝑁 × 𝑆𝑅𝑇

0.2
= (kg TVSS/kg NH+4-N)
1+0.05× 10

= 0.14 kg TVSS/kg NH+4-N

Biomassa increase karena nitrifikasi

Pertumbuhan biomassa (TVSS) (kg/hari)
= Yabs, N × (So – S) Q
= 0.14 x (25 – 2.5) x (0.206 x 86400)
= 56065 kg/hari
3. Total biomassa/sludge yang dihasilkan
Px = Biomassa yang dihilangkan di BOD [e(1)] + Biomassa yang
dihilangkan di ammonia [e(2)]
Px = 693497 kg/hari [e(1)] + 56065 kg/hari [e(2)]
Px = 2299388 kg/hari

f. Kebutuhan oxygen
R0 (kg O2/hari) = Q (BOD yg diremove) – 1.42 (Px) + 4.33 Q (NH3 yg di
remove)
R0 = (2039162kg/hari–1.42(2299388 kg/hari))+ 4.33(400464 kg/hari)
R0 = 28.5 kg O2/hari

Volume udara yang dibutuhkan.

Berat oksigen per m3 dalam udara = 0.285 kg O2/m3
Volume oksigen terlarut dalam MLSS = 5% = 0.05
 𝑚3 𝑅𝑜
𝑉𝑜𝑙. 𝑢𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑎 (ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑖) = 𝑂2
0.285 𝑘𝑔 ×0.05
𝑚3

28.5
= 𝑂2
0.285 𝑘𝑔 ×0.05
𝑚3

= 2000 m3/hari

3. Sludge recycle
a. Menghitung konsentrasi biomassa yang dihasilkan (TVSS).

Konsentrasi Conc. Conc. Conc.

Pertumbuhan Pertumbuhan Pertumbuhan Pertumbuhan
total biomassa = biomassa + biomassa + biomassa
(TVSS karena BOD karena karena
increase) Removal Nitrifikasi denitrifikasi

a.1 Conc. Pertumbuhan biomassa karena BOD Removal

Px, BOD5 (mg VSS/L) = Yobs, BOD5 × {(CBOD5in – CBOD5out)}
= 0.34 x (127.3 – 12.7)
= 39 mg VSS/L

a.2 Conc. Pertumbuhan biomassa karena Nitrifikasi

Px, N (mg VSS/L) = Yobs, NH3 × {(C NH3in – C NH3out)}
= 0.14 x (25 – 2.5)
= 3.15 mg VSS/L

a.3 Conc. Pertumbuhan biomassa karena Denitrifikasi

asumsi = 0, karena tidak ada data untuk menghitung.

Konsentrasi Pertumbuhan total biomassa (TVSS increase), Px, TVSS

Px, TVSS = Px, BOD5 + Px, N
= 39 mg VSS/L + 3.15 mg VSS/L
= 42.15 mg VSS/L

b. Menghitung jumlah pertumbuhan VSS dalam sludge.

Incease MLVSS (kg TVSS/hari) = Px, TVSS (kg/m3) × Q (m3/hari)
= 42.15 mg VSS/L x (0.206 x 86400)
= 750203 kg TVSS/hari
 c. Cek konsentrasi pertumbuhan MLSS
𝑘𝑔
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑢ℎ𝑎𝑛 𝑇𝑉𝑆𝑆 ( )
ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑖
Increase MLSS (kg TSS/hari) = 𝑇𝑉𝑆𝑆
0.8 𝑘𝑔
𝑘𝑔 𝑇𝑆𝑆
𝑘𝑔
750203 ( )
= ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑖
𝑇𝑉𝑆𝑆
0.8 𝑘𝑔
𝑘𝑔 𝑇𝑆𝑆

= 937753 kg TSS/hari

Bandingan MLSS yg didapat di perhitungan awal dengan conc. TSS di atas

d. Menghitung volume sludge (Qw) yang dikirim ke pengolahan sludge.

Increase MLSS = TSSeffluent + TSSwasted

(kg/hari)

𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑐.𝑇𝑆𝑆 𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑙𝑢𝑑𝑔𝑒
937753 kg TSS/hari = [(Qo – Qw) × CTSSef + Qw × ( 𝑇𝑉𝑆𝑆 )
0.8 𝑚𝑔
𝑚𝑔 𝑇𝑆𝑆)
(88.2−8.82)
937753 kg TSS/hari = [(0.206 x 86400– Qw) × (88.2*10%)+ Qw × ( 𝑇𝑉𝑆𝑆 )
0.8 𝑚𝑔
𝑚𝑔 𝑇𝑆𝑆)
937753 kg TSS/hari = [(17798 – Qw) × (8.82) + Qw × (99.225)
937753 kg TSS/hari = 156982 – 8.82 Qw + 99.225 Qw
780771 = 90.405 Qw
Qw = 8636.4 m3/hari = 0.1 m3/detik

e. Menghitung debit di effluent

Qeff = Qo - Q w
= 0.206 – 0.1
= 0.106 m3/detik

f. Menghitung beban TSS, BOD5 dan NH4+-N dalam Wasted activated sludge
(WAS)
𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑐.𝑇𝑆𝑆 𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑙𝑢𝑑𝑔𝑒
Beban TSS in WAS (kg/hari) = Qw × ( 𝑇𝑉𝑆𝑆 )
0.8 𝑚𝑔
𝑚𝑔 𝑇𝑆𝑆)

(88.2−8.82)
= 8636.4 x 𝑇𝑉𝑆𝑆 )
0.8 𝑚𝑔
𝑚𝑔 𝑇𝑆𝑆)

= 856944 kg/hari

Beban BOD5 in WAS (kg/hari)=

 0.65 𝑔 𝑏𝑖𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒
𝐵𝑒𝑏𝑎𝑛 𝑇𝑆𝑆 𝑖𝑛 𝑊𝐴𝑆 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑑 1.42 𝑔 𝐵𝑂𝐷𝐿
= × × 𝑔 𝑏𝑖𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 ×
𝑔 𝑇𝑆𝑆
𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑑

0.68 𝑔 𝐵𝑂𝐷5
𝑔 𝐵𝑂𝐷𝐿

0.65 𝑔 𝑏𝑖𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒
856944 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑑 1.42 𝑔 𝐵𝑂𝐷𝐿 0.68 𝑔 𝐵𝑂𝐷5
= × × 𝑔 𝑏𝑖𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 ×
𝑔 𝑇𝑆𝑆 𝑔 𝐵𝑂𝐷𝐿
𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑑

= 537852.3 kg/hari

Beban NH4+-N in WAS (kg/hari)

Asumsi kadar NH4+-N dan Organik Nitrogen dalam sludge = 1 g/m3
= Qw × 1 g/m3 × 10-3 kg/g.
= 8636.4 × 1 g/m3 × 10-3 kg/g.
= 8.64 kg/hari

g. Debit recycle
𝑄𝑟
= 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑖 (0.2 – 0.4)
𝑄0

Qr = ratio circulasi × Q0
Qr = 0.3 × 0.206 m3/detik
Qr = 0.062 m3/detik

Komponen Influent (1st Wasted Sludge Recycle Effluent air

clarifier)
Debit (Q), Qo = Qw = Qr = Qe =
m3/d
Conc. Beban Removal Beban Beban Conc.
(Mg/L) (Kg/d) (%) (Kg/d) (Kg/d) (mg/L)
BOD5
TSS
Org.-N
COD
NH+4
Tot. Coliform