MEASUREMENT OF HORIZONTAL DISTANCES

1. PACING. In walking along a 75-m course, the pacer of a field party counted 43.50, 44.00,
43.50, 43.75, 44.50, and 43.25 strides. Then 105.50, 106.00, 105.75, and 106.25 strides were
counted in walking from one marker to another established along a straight and level
course. Determine the distance between the two markers.

2. PACING. A student paces a 50-m length five times with the following results: 57.00, 56.75,
56.50, 58.00, and 56.25 paces. Determine how many paces must he step off in order to
establish a distance of 450 meters on level ground.

3. PACING. Determine the length of a line negotiated in 208 paces by a person whose pace is
0.76 meters long.
4. DISTANCE BY SUBTENSE BAR. With the use of a 1-sec theodolite positioned at the center
of a six-sided lot, the following readings were taken on a 2-m subtense bar set up at each
corner: 0°26'16",0°12'35",0°15'05'', 0°22'19'', 0°30'45" and 0°09'50''. Determine the
distance of each corner from the instrument position.

5. DISTANCE BY SUBTENSE BAR. A 2-m long subtense bar was first set up at A and
subsequently at B, and the subtended angles to the bar, as read from a theodolite
positioned somewhere along the middle of line AB, were recorded as 0°24'15'', and
0°20'30'', respectively. Determine the length of AB.

6. SLOPE MEASUREMENT. A traverse line was measured in three sections: 295.85m at slope
8°45', 149.58m at slope 4°29', and 373.48m at slope 4°25'. Determine the horizontal length
of the line.
7. SLOPE MEASUREMENT. A slope measurement of 545.38m is made between position A
and B. The elevation of A is 424.25m and that of B is 459.06m. Determine the horizontal
distance between the two points.

8. MEASUREMENTS WITH TAPE. The sides of a rectangular parcel of property were

9. MEASUREMENTS. WITH TAPE. A 30-m steel tape when compared with a standard is
actually 29.95 m long. Determine correct length of a line measured with this tape and found
to be 466.55 m.
10. LAYING OUT DISTANCES. A track and field coach wishes lay out for his team a 200-m
straightaway course. If he uses a 50-m tape known to be 50.20 m long, determine the
measurements to be made so that the course will have the correct length.

11. LAYING OUT DISTANCES. It is required to lay out a building 80 m by 100m with a 30-m
long metallic tape which was found to be 0.15 m too short. Determine the correct
dimensions to be used in order that the building shall have the desired measurements.
12. LAYING OUT DISTANCES. A steel tape whose nominal length is supposed to be 30 m long
was found to be 30.02 m long when compared with an invar tape during standardization. If
the tape is to be used in laying out a 520 m by 850m rectangular parking lot, determine the
actual dimensions to be laid out.

13. CORRECTION DUE TO TEMPERATURE. A 30-m steel tape is of standard length at 20°c. If
the coefficient of thermal expansion of steel is 0.0000116/1°C, determine the distance to be
laid out using this tape to establish two points exactly 1235.65 m apart when the
temperature is 33°C.
14. CORRECTION DUE TO TEMPERATURE. A steel tape having a correct length at 22°C was
used to measure a base line and the recorded readings gave the total of 856.815 m. If the
average temperature during the measurement was 18°C, determine the correct length of
the line.

15. CORRECTION DUE TO TENSION. A heavy 30-m tape having a cross-sectional area of
0.05cm2 has been standardized at a tension of 5kg. if E=2.10x106kg/cm2, calculate the
elongation of the tape for an increase in tension from 5.5kg to 20kg.
16. CORRECTION DUE TO TENSION. A steel tape is 30.0-m long under a pull of 6.0kg when
supported throughout. It has a cross-sectional area of 0.035cm2 and is applied fully
supported with a 12-kg pull to measure a line whose recorded length is 308.32m. Determine
the correct length of the line if E=2.1x106kg/cm2.

17. CORRECTION DUE TO TENSION. A 30-m steel tape weighing 1.75kg is of standard length
under a pull of 4.55kg, supported for full length. This tape was used in measuring a line
(found to be 1371.50m) on smooth level ground under a steady pull of 8kg. Assuming
E=2.05x106kg/cm2 and that the unit weight of steel is 7.9x10-3kg/cm3, determine the
following: cross-sectional area of the tape, correction for increase in tension for the whole
length measured, and the correct length of the measured line.
18. CORRECTION DUE TO SAG. A 30-m steel tape weighs 1.5kg and is supported at its end
points and at the 5 and 15meter marks. If a pull of 8kg is applied, determine the correction
due to sag between supports and for one tape length.

19. CORRECTION DUE TO SAG. A 30-m steel tape weighing 0.04kg/m is constantly supported
only at its end points, and used to measure a line with a steady pull of 8.5kg. If the
measured length of the line is 2465.18m, determine the correct length of the line.

20. NORMAL TENSION. Determine the normal tension required to make a tape exactly 30.0
m between its ends when used in an unsupported mode, if the tape has a cross-sectional
area of 0.045 cm2 and weighs 0.90 kg. Assume that the tape is exactly 30.0 m when
supported throughout its length under a standard pull of 6.0 kg, and its modulus of elasticity
is 2.10x106 kg/cm2.
21. NORMAL TENSION. A 30-m steel tape supported at its ends weighs 0.03 kg/m and is of
standard length under a pull of 6.5 kg. If the elastic modulus of steel is 2.0x10 6 kg/cm2
and its weight density is 7.9x10-3 kg/cm2, determine the tension at which the effect of sag
will be eliminated by the elongation of the tape due to increased tension.

22. COMBINED CORRECTIONS. A 30-m tape weighs 12.5 g/m and has a cross section of
0.022cm2. It measures correctly when supported throughout under a tension of 8.0 kg and
at a temperature of 20°C. When used in the field, the tape is only supported at its ends,
under a pull of 9.0kg, and at an average temperature of 28°C. Determine the distance
between the zero and 30-m marks.
23. COMBINED CORRECTIONS. A line was found to be 2865.35m long when measured with a
30-m tape under a steady pull of 6.5kg at a mean temperature of 30°C. Determine the
correct length of the line if the tape used is of standard length at 20°C under a pull of 5.5kg.
Assume the cross-sectional area of tape to be 0.025cm2, elastic modulus as 2.10x106kg/cm2,
and coefficient of thermal expansion to be 0.0000116/1°C.

24. MEASURING ANGLES WITH TAPE. The sides of a triangle measure 1063.55, 1840.33 and
1325.05 m. Determine the three angles in the triangle.
25. OBSTRUCTED DISTANCES. In the
accompanying sketch it is required to
determine the distance between
points A and B which spans a wide
and deep river. Lines BD and CE,
which measure 385.75 m and 529.05
m, respectively, are established
perpendicular to line ABC. If points D
and E lined up with A and the length
of BC=210.38m, determine the
required distance.