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Belt Drives

This document discusses belt, rope, and chain drives used to transmit power between rotating shafts. It describes the factors that affect power transmission in belt drives and the conditions required for their proper use. Different types of belt drives are outlined based on the power and speed. Chain drives are also summarized, including the types, construction, geometry considerations and recommendations for design and use.

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Ganapathy Subramaniam
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53 views30 pages

Belt Drives

This document discusses belt, rope, and chain drives used to transmit power between rotating shafts. It describes the factors that affect power transmission in belt drives and the conditions required for their proper use. Different types of belt drives are outlined based on the power and speed. Chain drives are also summarized, including the types, construction, geometry considerations and recommendations for design and use.

Uploaded by

Ganapathy Subramaniam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Belt, Rope and Chain Drives

Introduction to Belt drives


The belts or ropes are used to transmit power from
one shaft to another by means of pulleys which
rotate at the same speed or at different speeds. The
amount of power transmitted depends upon the
following factors :

 Velocity of the belt.


 Tension under which the belt is placed on the
pulleys.
 Arc of contact between the belt and the smaller
pulley.
Conditions under which the belt is used

 The shafts should be properly in line to Ensure


uniform tension across the belt section.

 Thepulleys should not be too close together, in


order that the arc of contact on the smaller pulley
may be as large as possible.

 The pulleys should not be so far apart as to cause


the belt to weigh heavily on the shafts, thus
increasing the friction load on the bearings
 A longbelt tends to swing from side to side, causing
the belt to run out of the pulleys, which in turn
develops crooked spots in the belt.

 The tight side of the belt should be at the bottom, so


that whatever sag is present on the loose side will
increase the arc of contact at the pulleys.

 Inorder to obtain good results with flat belts, the


maximum distance between the shafts should not
exceed 10 metres and the minimum should not be
less than 3.5 times the diameter of the larger pulley.
Selection of a Belt Drive
 Speed of the driving and driven shafts,
 Speed reduction ratio,
 Power to be transmitted
 Centre distance between the shafts,
 Positive drive requirements
 Shafts layout,
 Space available
 Service conditions.
Types of Belt Drives

Light drives.- These are used to transmit small


powers at belt speeds upto about 10 m/s, as in
agricultural machines and small machine tools.

Medium drives.-These are used to transmit medium


power at belt speeds over 10 m/s but up to 22 m/s,
as in machine tools.

Heavy drives.- These are used to transmit large


powers at belt speeds above 22 m/s, as in
compressors and generators.
Let d1, d2 = Diameter of the driver & follower
N1& N2 = Speed of the driver & follower in r.p.m

Length of the belt that passes over the driver, in one minute
= π d1.N1
Length of the belt that passes over the follower, in one minute
= π d2 . N2
Since the length of belt that passes over the driver in one
minute is equal to the length of belt that passes over the
follower in one minute, therefore
π d1 N1 = π d2 N2
Velocity ratio
 When the thickness of the belt (t) is considered, then
velocity ratio

 peripheral velocity of the belt on the driving pulley

 peripheral velocity of the belt on the driven or


follower pulley
 Velocity Ratio of a Compound Belt Drive
Slip of Belt
Sometimes, the frictional grip becomes insufficient.
This may cause some forward motion of the driver
without carrying the belt with it. This may also cause
some forward motion of the belt without carrying the
driven pulley with it. This is called slip of the belt
and is generally expressed as a percentage.
Chain drives
 Chain drives are used to transmit rotational motion and
torque from one shaft to another, smoothly, quietly, and
inexpensively.

Provide the flexibility of a belt drive with the positive


engagement feature of a gear drive.

Suited for applications with large distances (8m) between


the respective shafts, slow speed, and high torque.

More complex design than a belt drive


Types of Chains
Chains are made from a series of interconnected links.

Roller chain

•. A roller chain is the most common type of chain used for power
transmission.
• Large roller chains are rated to 450 kW. The roller chain design provides
quiet and efficient operation but must be lubricated.
Multiple-strand roller chain

 Multiple-strand chains used to increase the amount of


power transmitted by the chain drive.
 A multi-strand factor has been experimentally
determined.
 Power per chain =
total power transmitted/multi-strand factor
Construction of bush-roller chain

Standard sizes: p = (6.35 – 76.0) mm,


d = (7.772 – 47.625)mm, l = (6.35 – 47.625)mm,
t = 0.762 – 9.525)mm,
Tensile strength F = 4.114 – 578.24 kN
Silent chain

An inverted tooth, silent chain is the expensive chain to


manufacture.
It efficiently used in applications that require high-speed,
smooth, and quiet power transmission (machine tools).
Lubrication is required to keep these in reliable operation. .
Construction of a silent chain
Chain Pitch

Chains are classified by a pitch, p, which is the


distance between the pins that connect the
adjacent links.

Roller chains have a size designation according


to the power transmission requirements.

Sprockets

Sprockets are the toothed wheels that connect to the shaft and
mate with the chain. The teeth on the sprocket are designed with
geometry to conform to the chain pin and link.
CHAIN DRIVE GEOMETRY
 The number of teeth, N, in the sprocket is a
commonly referenced property.

 Sprockets should have at least 17 teeth, unless they


operate at very low speeds, under 100 rpm.

 The larger sprocket should normally have no more


than 120 teeth.

 It is preferable to have an odd number of teeth on


the driving sprocket (17, 19.... ) and an even
number of pitches (links) in the chain to avoid a
special link.
 The pitch diameter, D, of the sprocket is measured to
the point on the teeth where the center of the chain
rides.
 The pitch diameter of a sprocket with N teeth for a
chain with a pitch of p is determined by
0
D = p / sin(180 / N )
•The chain length, L, is the total length of the chain expressed in number of links, or
pitches, computed as

2
2C N 2 + N1 p( N 2 − N1 )
L= + + 2
p 2 4π C
 The center distance for a given chain length computed
as

p N 2 + N1 N 2 + N 1 2 8( N 2 − N 1 ) 2
C = [L − + (L − ) − 2
]
4 2 2 4π

The angle of contact, θ, is a measure of the angular


engagement of the chain on each sprocket.

0 −1 p( N 2 − N1 ) 0 −1 p( N 2 − N1 )
θ1 = 180 − 2 sin , θ 2 = 180 + 2 sin
2C 2C

Θ ≥ 1200 – recommendation of manufacturers.


In operation, chain drives should be designed so that
the slack side is on the bottom or lower side.

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