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1.0 Mechanical Analysis #

This document discusses the mechanical analysis of a soil sample. Key findings include: 1) Sieve analysis and hydrometer testing were conducted to determine particle size distribution. The D60, D30, and D10 were calculated from the gradation curve. 2) The coefficient of uniformity (Cu) and coefficient of curvature (Cc) were determined to be 1580 and 42.8, respectively, indicating the soil is well graded. 3) The soil type was estimated to be a sandy clay based on the particle size distribution from testing. Sieve and hydrometer methods showed 45.36% and 22.16% passing the 0.42mm sieve, respectively.

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Gayan Indunil Jayasundara
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60 views8 pages

1.0 Mechanical Analysis #

This document discusses the mechanical analysis of a soil sample. Key findings include: 1) Sieve analysis and hydrometer testing were conducted to determine particle size distribution. The D60, D30, and D10 were calculated from the gradation curve. 2) The coefficient of uniformity (Cu) and coefficient of curvature (Cc) were determined to be 1580 and 42.8, respectively, indicating the soil is well graded. 3) The soil type was estimated to be a sandy clay based on the particle size distribution from testing. Sieve and hydrometer methods showed 45.36% and 22.16% passing the 0.42mm sieve, respectively.

Uploaded by

Gayan Indunil Jayasundara
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MECHANICAL ANALYSIS

INDUNIL J.M.G.
PG/E/GT/2016/01
CE642
13.02.2016
THEORY

Assumption: Particle moving in a constant velocity of v.


Weight of particle, W = ρsVg
= ρs .4/3π(D/2)3 . g
Frictional force, F = 6πηRV (Stoke’s Law)
= 6πη (D/2) v
Uplift force, U = ρwVg
= ρw. 4/3π(D/2)3 . g

Applying Newton’s 3rd law on particle ↓,


W-F-U = 0
W = F+U
ρs . 4/3π(D/2)3 . g = 6πη (D/2) v + ρw. 4/3π(D/2)3 . g
(D/2)2 = 6ηv x (3/4) /(γs-γw)
D = [18 ηv / /(γs-γw)] ½-------------(2)

V = HR/t (cm/min) = 1000HR/60t (mm/s)

D = [18 η(1000HR/60t) /(Gs-Gw)ρwxg] ½


D = [18 η(100HR/60t) /(Gs-Gw)1000x 9.8] ½
D = {[30 η/(Gs-Gw)980]HR/t}½-------------(4)
Hydrometer reading = R’H
Meniscus reading = Cm
Corrected hydrometer reading = R’H + Cm
RH = R’H + Cm
Temperature correction = MT
Correction for dispersion agent = Cd
Hydrometer directly measure the weight of soil in suspension.
Hence weight of soil passing = RH+ MT- Cd
Wp% = 100(RH+MT-Cd)/ WS
DATA
Table 01: Values of MT and K with respect to Temperature

Temperature/ 0C MT K
23 0.70 0.0132
24 1.00 0.0130
25 1.30 0.0129
26 1.65 0.0127

Cd = 3 div
Cm = 1 div
Gs = 2.65
SPECIMEN CALCULATION
A) Sieve Analysis
Considering 0.42mm Aperture sieve size data set,
Weight of aggregate = 58.73 g
Weight of coarse aggregate retained on 0.42 mm size sieve = 6.49 g
Percent retained by aggregate = (6.49/58.73) 100%
= 11.07%

Total weight of dry soil = 80.00 g


Percent retained by total soil = (6.49/80.00) 100%
= 8.11%

% Total Passing by 0.42mm size sieve = 100-(1.09+9.25+25.49+10.7+8.11)


= 45.36%

B) Hydrometer Method
Consider time in 8min set of reading from Hydrometer Method table,

Temperature of solution = 23.1 0C


R’H = 19 div
RH = R’H + Cm
= 19 + 1
= 20 div

HR = 16.652 – 0.16747 RH
= 16.652 – 0.16747 x 20
= 13.303 cm

HR/ t = 13.303/8
= 1.663 cm/min

D = K (HR/ t) 1/2

By interpolating from Table 01,


For T = 23.1 0C, K = 0.01318
D = 0.01318 x (1.663)1/2
= 0.017 mm

Wp = 100 (RH+MT-Cd)/ WS
By interpolating from Table 01,
For T = 23.1 0C, MT = 0.73

Wp = 100 (20+0.73-3)/ 80
= 22.16%
TABULATION
Table 02: Particle Size Vs % Passing for Sieve Analysis and Hydrometer Method

Method of Particle Size /


% Passing
Analysis mm
4.75 98.91
2.00 89.66
0.84 64.18
0.59 53.48
Sieve Analysis
0.42 45.36
0.25 36.31
0.15 31.18
0.075 27.49
0.066 25.91
0.047 24.66
0.034 23.41
0.024 23.41
Hydrometer
0.017 22.16
Method
0.013 20.91
0.009 19.66
0.006 18.41
0.001 13.41
CALCULATION
From gradation curve,
D60 = 0.79 mm
D30 = 0.13 mm
D10 = 0.0005 mm

Cu = D60 / D10
= 0.79/ 0.0005
= 1580

Cc = (D30)2 / (D60x D10)


= 0.132 / (0.79 x 0.0005)
= 42.8
Effect of erroneous Gs of soil can be shown as following calculations,
Gs = Ws/ (Vs x γw)
Vs = Ws/ (Gs x γw)
Vv = 1 -Vs
e = Vv / Vs
Assume γd = 1.8 g/cm3

Gs = 2.68 Gs = 2.7
3
Vs (cm ) 0.672 0.667
Vv (cm3) 0.328 0.333
e 0.488 0.499

Percent decrease in void ratio due to error specific gravity = 0.488/0.499 x 100%
= 97.8%

Due to erroneous Gs, void ratio has been decreased from 2.2%. This affects all parameters which are
calculated using void ratio without specific gravity parameter.
RESULTS
From gradation curve, soil type is Sandy Clay and well graded.
Table 03: Estimation of Makeup of Soil Sample

Type of Soil Amount (%)


Clay 15.0
Silt 10.0
Sand 64.4
Gravel 10.6

Table 04: Cu and Cc of Soil Sample

Parameter Value
Cu 1580
Cc 42.8

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