icePROM User Manual

© Copyright 1997 by Incept Ltd. All rights reserved.

 icePROM User Manual
Revision 2.2

If you have any problems

downloading the icePROM
software ( < 100kBytes )
from our website, or you
do not have Internet
access please contact us
by phone, fax, or Email.

We will immediately Email the

software to you or send you a
diskette by post

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Tel. +353-61-33 58 00 Fax. +353-61-33 80 65
tech-support@incept.ie http://www.incept.ie
 icePROM User Manual
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INSTALLING THE ICEPROM 4

1.1 icePROM Delivery 4

1.2 Hardware Installation 4

1.2.1 28 and 24 pin EPROMs.....................................................................................................................5
1.2.2 TSOP, PSOP, PLCC, BGA packages.................................................................................................5

1.3 Software Installation 5

1.3.1 Windows 3.1x....................................................................................................................................6
1.3.2 Windows 95.......................................................................................................................................7
1.3.3 Windows NT.....................................................................................................................................8
1.3.3 Linux.................................................................................................................................................9
1.3.3 FreeBSD............................................................................................................................................9
1.3.4 Unix.................................................................................................................................................10

DOWNLOADING 11

2.1 Download Command 11

2.1.1 File Name........................................................................................................................................11
2.1.2 Message Level.................................................................................................................................11
2.1.3 Verbose............................................................................................................................................12
2.1.4 Quite................................................................................................................................................12
2.1.5 Turbo...............................................................................................................................................12
2.1.6 Halt..................................................................................................................................................13
2.1.6 Download Port.................................................................................................................................13
2.1.7 Download Type...............................................................................................................................13
2.1.7 Device..............................................................................................................................................13
2.1.8 Size..................................................................................................................................................14
2.1.9 Fill...................................................................................................................................................14
2.1.10 Contiguous.......................................................................................................................................14
2.1.11 Width...............................................................................................................................................14
2.1.12 Address Regions and Offsets..........................................................................................................15

2.2 Download Speed 17

POWERING THE ICEPROM 19

3.1 Power from Target 19

3.2 Operation below 3.0V 19

3.3 External Power 20

TROUBLE SHOOTING 21

4.1 icePROM not found 21

4.2 Checksum errors 21

4.3 Supply current 22

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS 23

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 icePROM User Manual
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Installing the icePROM

1.1 icePROM Delivery

The standard icePROM delivery consists of:

 The icePROM
 BASE unit to connect to PC
 BASE to icePROM cable
 This manual

1.2 Hardware Installation

The icePROM should be inserted into the target board as you would insert a normal
EPROM. Pin 1 is marked with a red 1, and is on the same side as the moon.

The BASE unit which has a 25-pin D-type connector should be plugged into either
LPT1, LPT2, or LPT3 (but not the serial COM ports) of the host PC. The side to plug
into the PC is the one farthest from the 16 way IDC connector.

The cable for communication between the BASE unit, and the icePROM has two 16
way headers, and one 10 way header. The 10 way header should be plugged into the
icePROM. Either one of the 16 way headers should be plugged into the BASE unit.

If you are using multiple icePROMs to emulate a wide bus, or contiguous memories,
you will have a cable with one 10 way header for each icePROM you use. In this
case the icePROM closest to the BASE unit is icePROM 1, the next one is icePROM
2 etc.

If you are using a desktop computer it is probably convenient to use the 16 way
header at the end of the cable, but if you are using a notebook it is more convenient
to use the 16 way header 60 cm from the icePROM.

If you are sure you will not need the full length of this cable you can cut it at the first
16 way header. NOTE the second sixteen way header can useful for connecting
external power or examining debug signals.

If you have a limited number of parallel ports, the BASE unit acts like a dongle, in that
you can connect additional peripherals to the back of the BASE unit. Most dongles
and peripherals can be used in this fashion even if the icePROM is not powered up.

The icePROM is capable of resetting the target automatically after downloading. An

additional wire with a micro crocodile clip on the end is provided on the cable going
into the icePROM. This should be connected to the target’s reset logic. The default
behaviour of the reset line is to be normally tri-state but held low for the duration of
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 icePROM User Manual
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the download.

Normally the icePROM powers itself from the target. It can however be powered
externally, please see Chapter 3 for more details.

Please read Chapter 3 if you are operating the icePROM at low voltages

1.2.1 28 and 24 pin EPROMs

If you wish to emulate EPROMs smaller than 32 pins, pin 16 on the icePROM should
be connected to GND. For example to emulate a 27256, a 28 pin device pins 1,2,
31,32 on the icePROM will not be connected, and pin 16 on the icePROM is
connected to pin 14 on the target board.

When emulating a 28 pin device, Vcc is connected to pin 30 on the icePROM, and
emulating a 24 pin device Vcc is connected to pin 28. Schottky diodes with a voltage
drop of about 0.3V will connect Vcc on these pins to pin 32, Vcc of the icePROM.

If you are using the icePROM at 5.0V the voltage drop across the schottky diodes is
insignificant, but if using the icePROM below 3.3V it would be advisable to eliminate
this voltage drop by connecting pin 32 directly to target Vcc. Please read Chapter 3
for further details on low voltage operation.

1.2.2 TSOP, PSOP, PLCC, BGA packages

We can supply an adapter enabling emulation of memory devices in TSOP, PSOP,

PLCC, and BGA packages. In particular it is interesting to emulate Flash memory
because while Flash can be reprogrammed in-circuit, this operation often takes
minutes, and during an intensive software debugging session the ultra fast download
speed of the icePROM offers a significant advantage.

Please contact Incept, your local distributor, or check our web site for more
information on this solution and the devices we support.

1.3 Software Installation

Most of our customers collect the download software from our web site, saving us the
trouble of preparing diskettes and saving you the trouble of disposing of them. Please
download the software you need from our page www.incept.ie/upgrade.

There is no restriction on what, who can download. The icePROM software

uncompressed is less than 100 kBytes, and compressed about 40 kBytes. It will
normally download in less than one minute.

If you have difficulty downloading from our web site, please contact us and we will
either Email the files to you, or post diskettes as per your preference.

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 icePROM User Manual
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You will find the following files on the web site or diskette:

 DOS\iceprom.exe
 WINNT\iceprom.exe
 LINUX\iceprom.exe
 FREEBSD\iceprom.exe

The DOS version can be used under MS-DOS, Windows3.1x, and Windows 95. It will
not generate an error if you use it under Windows NT, but will not work.

The Windows NT version can only execute from a Windows NT command prompt.

iceprom.exe is the interface software for downloading. It does not require access to
any other files and does not have to be on your DOS path.

For example you may install iceprom.exe as d:\utils\iceprom.exe.

If you are using a batch file or makefile for compiling and linking your target you can
download after linking by inserting a line in your file as follows:

 d:\utils\iceprom <filename>.bin

where <filename>.bin is the target binary file. Of course you could also copy
iceprom.exe into a directory already on your path.

It is not necessary to modify config.sys or autoexec.bat !

1.3.1 Windows 3.1x

The easiest way to invoke the icePROM load software from Windows 3.1x is to open
an MS-DOS box and invoke the icePROM software from the MS-DOS prompt.

Alternatively it can be invoked with a single mouse click by creating a new icon.

Open the program group into which you want to install the icePROM icon.

Take the File menu from the Windows program Manager.

Take the option <New>

The <New Program Object> Dialog box is now opened. By default the <Program
Item> option is elected. Click on the <Ok> button.

There are four fields than can be filled in.

The <Description> field is the text that will appear below the icon. You will probably to
enter something like: “Download myfile.bin to icePROM“

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 icePROM User Manual
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The <Command Line> field should contain the absolute path of the icePROM
download software (including drive) and the parameters you would normally use to
download your file e.g.

d:\utils\iceprom.exe c:\work\myproj\myfile.bin -p=lpt2 -s=20 -v

Click <Ok> and the icePROM icon will now be created.

Every time you click on this icon it will have the same effect as typing the above line
from an MS-DOS shell.

If you wish to download different files or with different options you can copy this
shortcut, and change the command line, and icon description. Then click on the
relevant icon to perform the download you want.

1.3.2 Windows 95

The easiest way to invoke the icePROM load software from Windows 95 is to open
an MS-DOS box and invoke the icePROM software from the MS-DOS prompt.

Alternatively it can be invoked with a single mouse click by creating a shortcut.

Start the Windows Explorer and select the iceprom.exe executable

Take the File menu from Explorer

Take the option <Create Shortcut>

A shortcut to icePROM is now created in the same directory as iceprom.exe and will
be selected by the explorer. You can drag this shortcut to the desktop or to another
folder.

Select the shortcut, and click on the right mouse button.

An extra menu will open.

Take the option <Properties> and the Shortcut control panel will appear. There are six
tabs on the top of this panel. The second tab is <Program>. Select this tab

There are now 6 lines you can fill in.

The third one down is <Cmd Line>.
If the iceprom software is installed in d:\utils this line will contain

d:\utils\iceprom.exe

You should add the parameters you would normally use to download your file e.g.

d:\utils\iceprom.exe c:\work\myproj\myfile.bin -p=lpt2 -s=20 -v

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 icePROM User Manual
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Every time you click on this icon it will have the same effect as typing the above line
from an MS-DOS shell.

The text below the shortcut will say “Shortcut to iceprom.exe“. If you click on this text
(not on the icon, but on the actual text) you can modify it. You will probably want
something more meaningful like: “Download myfile.bin to icePROM“

1.3.3 Windows NT

The easiest way to invoke the icePROM load software from Windows NT is to open a
command prompt box and invoke the icePROM software from the command prompt.

The first time you run the icePROM software it will detect that the GiveIO device
driver has not been installed, and ask for permission to install it in the registry.
NOTE you will have to be a privileged user to install device drivers in the registry.

After installing the GiveIO driver you must restart Windows NT to allow the driver to
take effect. It is now possible for any user to download to the icePROM

You can also download with a single mouse click by creating a shortcut.

Start the Windows Explorer and select the iceprom.exe executable

Drag the icon onto the desktop, and a shortcut is automatically created.

Select the shortcut, and click on the right mouse button.

An extra menu will open.

Take the option <Properties> and the Shortcut control panel will appear. There are
seven tabs on the top of this panel. The second tab is <Shortcut>. Select this tab

There are now 4 lines you can fill in.

The first one down is <Target>.
If the iceprom software is installed in d:\utils this line will contain

d:\utils\iceprom.exe

You should add the parameters you would normally use to download your file e.g.

d:\utils\iceprom.exe c:\work\myproj\myfile.bin -p=lpt2 -s=20 -v

Every time you click on this icon it will have the same effect as typing the above line
from a command prompt.

The text below the shortcut will say “Shortcut to iceprom.exe“.

Select the shortcut, and click on the right mouse button.

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 icePROM User Manual
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An extra menu will open.

Take the option <Rename>
You can now modify the text. You will probably want something more meaningful like:
“Download myfile.bin to icePROM“
1.3.3 Linux

The icePROM software will not work in an MS-DOS box under Linux.

The Linux native version is a single executable, which should ideally be installed with
setuid root privilege. Only the superuser can install images with root privilege.

If the iceprom image is run without setuid root privilege its download time will be
many times as slow, and will need write access to the parallel port device drivers. If
the superuser runs the iceprom image or an ordinary users runs it when it has setuid
root privilege, the ioperm() system call allows direct access to the parallel port.

This is done with the following command:

Chown root iceprom

Chmod +s iceprom

If you don’t want to give setuid root privilege to iceprom, the second fast method is
through the device driver /dev/port. Users need write privilege to /dev/port so ask the
superuser to:

Chmod o+rw /dev/port

The slowest method is through /dev/lp(0,1,2). Ask the superuser to:

Chmod o+rw /dev/lp?

1.3.3 FreeBSD

The icePROM software will not work in an MS-DOS box under FreeBSD.

The FreeBSD native version is a single executable. If running it as a normal user you
must have write access to the driver /dev/io.

Ask the superuser to

Chmod o+rw /dev/io

1.3.4 Unix

We can offer the icePROM software on most Unix machines with a parallel port.
Please contact us if you require such a version.

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 icePROM User Manual
Revision 2.2

Downloading

2.1 Download Command

A binary file <filename>.bin will be downloaded to a 512kx8 EPROM (e.g. a 27040)

connected to LPT1 with the following command:

 iceprom <filename>.bin

The syntax of the icePROM command is as follows:

Usage: iceprom <filename> (with extension)
[ -m={e,w,n,v} (message level, default normal)
(error, warning, normal, verbose)
[ -v ] (verbose, same as -m=v)
[ -q ] (no bell on failure)
[ -t ] (turbo, faster download)
[ -h ] (Halt, wait for user to exit)
[ -p=lpt<num> ] (lpt1, lpt2, lpt3, default lpt1)
[ -p=0x<IO address> ]
[ -l=<loadtype> ] (ihex, mots or bin)
[ -d=<device> ] (29040)
[ -s=<address bits> ] (13 to 20, default 19)
[ -f=0x<fill byte> (fill before downloading
[ -o=[-]0x<address offset> ] (abort on overflow)
[ -ow=[-]0x<address offset> ] (wrap on overflow)
[ -od=[-]0x<address offset> ] (discard on overflow)
[ -a=0x<start>,0x<end> ] (address region)
[ -c=<number contiguous memories> ] (must specify before width: -w)
[ -w=<bus width>[ (<base>:<icu>[,<base>:<icu>,...] ) ] ]

 NOTE Since the port to Unix only the Unix “-” be used for options.

2.1.1 File Name

<filename> is the file with extension to be downloaded. It is the only mandatory

parameter.

2.1.2 Message Level

There are four message levels.

The default is normal: "-m=n". In this mode errors and warnings will come on the
screen together with a single line download report.
Downloaded 1048576 bytes from binary x1024i01.bin in 4.99 Seconds

The verbose "-m=v" option gives a download report. The following command
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 icePROM User Manual
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produced this report:

 iceprom c:x1024i01.bin -p=lpt2 -w=2 -m=v -t

icePROM Software for MS-DOS Version 2.0 02 Sep 1997

Address bits=19 Device : 512 kByte : 4 Mbit : 27040
Available core 471680 allocated 7 chunks of 65508 Bytes
Outport takes 1.74 microseconds using repeat 0 delay 0
icePROM Hardware found on LPT2 at I/O address 0278
BASE Unit at Position 1 Version 2 Serial Number 116
icePROM at Position 1 Version 2 Serial 145 Size 8Mb Access 80.0 ns
icePROM at Position 2 Version 2 Serial 144 Size 8Mb Access 80.0 ns
454825 bytes read from file in 0 mSecs
454825 bytes downloaded in 2360 mSecs
454825 bytes read from file in 50 mSecs
454825 bytes downloaded in 2040 mSecs
138926 bytes read from file in 0 mSecs
138926 bytes downloaded in 600 mSecs
Downloaded 1048576 bytes from binary x1024i01.bin in 5.05 Seconds

If the message level is set to warning "-m=w" only warnings and errors will be
reported.

If the message level is set to error "-m=w" errors will be reported, warnings will be
suppressed. It can be useful to suppress warnings if many locations are out of range
with the "-od=..." switch.

2.1.3 Verbose

The verbose “-v“ option gives a download report.

The "-v" option has been left in for compatibility. Setting the message level to verbose
"-m=v" has the same effect.

2.1.4 Quite

If a download fails for any of the following reasons, a bell will be sounded to alert the
user that the download was unsuccessful:

 The download file could not be opened or was empty

 The icePROM hardware could not be found
 The icePROM hardware is a newer release than the download software
 The download failed due to checksum errors.
 A download address is out of range

No bell is sounded for syntax errors or bad options. The bell can also be suppressed
with the “-q“ option.

2.1.5 Turbo

The icePROM software downloads at 70% of maximum speed on fast PCs.

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With the turbo "-t" option the download is performed at the maximum possible speed.
This normally causes no problem but with certain PCs with very fast buses a race
condition can occur causing the download to fail.

If this happens the download will be slowed, and restarted.

We recommend you use the turbo option to get the fastest possible download, but if
this leads to download errors cease using it on any PCs that exhibit such a problem.

Please contact Incept technical support if the "-t" option causes this effect. We are
interested in eliminating this feature !
2.1.6 Halt

Normally the icePROM software exits after a successful download or a failure. On

WindowsNT, and Windows95 a dos icon windows is closed after completion and you
can’t read the status report. With the –h option iceprom will not exit until you press
return allowing you to examine the status report.

2.1.6 Download Port

The default parallel port is LPT1. You can download to LPT2 by specifying “-p=lpt2“,
and to LPT3 by “-p=LPT3“. The I/O address of the parallel port is read from the BIOS
segment, or from the registry under Windows NT.

If you are using a port not recognised by the BIOS, its I/O address can be specified
using the alternative form of the “-p“ parameter. The I/O address is entered directly in
hexadecimal preceded by 0x. e.g. "-p=0x3bc"

2.1.7 Download Type

By default the software inspects the download file and if it interprets it as Intel Hex or
Motorola S format, it downloads it as such and otherwise downloads it as a binary
file. You can however force it to be downloaded as a specific type with the "-l="
switch.

The switch "-l=bin" forces a binary download, and "-l=ihex" forces an Intel Hex
download. "-l=mots" defines Motorola S records
2.1.7 Device

The icePROM is capable of emulating all standard 27 series EPROMs, and most
Flash devices with a suitable adaptor. Some EEPROMs don’t need adaptors, their
special features are taken care of in firmware.

The only special device currently taken care of this way is the 29040, in which A18,
and A19 are swapped. Downloading with the –d=29040 option emulates this device.
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The size option may not be used with this option.

NOTE Even though the 29040 is 4Mb, you need the iceprom1m8-80, or 8Mb to
emulate the 29040 using this option.

2.1.8 Size

The default size is 512kx8. The “-s” option selects the number of address bits. A
27256 is a 32kx8 or 256kbit device with address lines A0-A14. To emulate it use the
option “-s=15”.

2.1.9 Fill

If the fill option is taken all icePROMs specified by the download command will have
every location initialised to the constant specified. The constant must be unsigned
hex preceded by 0X and between 0, and 255.

2.1.10 Contiguous

Multiple icePROMs can be configured as contiguous memories.

With the size option the maximum address within each icePROM is defined.
It is 2size-1 bytes.

The option "-c=3 -s=19" configures three icePROMs as 4Mb contiguous memories.
Addresses from 0x000000 to 0x07FFFF will be downloaded to icePROM 1.
Addresses from 0x080000 to 0x0FFFFF will be downloaded to icePROM 2.
Addresses from 0x100000 to 0x17FFFF will be downloaded to icePROM 3.

The contiguous option may not be specified after the width has been specified

Table 1 gives a graphic example of a wide, contiguous download with address

offsets.

2.1.11 Width

Multiple icePROMs can be configured for a wide bus.

The option "-w=2" configures two icePROM as a 16bit bus. The odd bytes will be
downloaded to icePROM 1, and the even bytes to icePROM 2.

The "-w" option can also be used to specify which icePROM to download to. The full
syntax of the "-w" option is as follows:

-w=<width>[(<BASE#:icePROM#[,BASE#:icePROM#,...])]

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If individual icePROMs are specified exactly width*contiguous icePROMs must be in

the list.

The following command "-c=2 -s=19 -w=1(1:2,1:1)" will download addresses from
0x000000 to 0x07FFFF to the second icePROM on BASE 1, and from 0x080000 to
0x0FFFFF will be downloaded to the first icePROM on BASE 1

The contiguous option may not be specified after the width has been specified

If both contiguous and width are greater than one, then width is the more significant
parameter.

For example if contiguous=3, and width=2 the even bytes will go into icePROMs 1, 2,
and 3, and the odd bytes will go into icePROMs 4, 5, and 6.

Table 1 gives a graphic demonstration of such a download.

2.1.12 Address Regions and Offsets

The icePROM software offers a powerful combination of address offsets and selected
regions. The concept becomes complex and potentially confusing with wide,
contiguous downloads.

For the purpose of address regions and offsets, the file to be downloaded is
considered to be a linear 8 bit file, whether a binary file, or ASCII file such as Intel
Hex. Each byte specified by the download file has an absolute address.

For a binary file the absolute address is the number of the byte within the file, and for
an ASCII file the absolute address is specified in the download records.

Table 1 gives a graphic example of a wide, contiguous download with address

offsets. The left column is the internal address within the icePROM. The centre
column shows the absolute address that will be downloaded to that location with no
offset. The right column shows the absolute address that will be downloaded to the
location with an offset of +1.

If an address region is specified with the "-a=<start>,<end>" option, only absolute

addresses between start and end will be downloaded. Bytes which fall outside this
address range, will be discarded without any warning or error message. Furthermore
no check is made that the download range is sensible.

The start and end address must be specified as unsigned hex constants, preceded
by 0x. "-a=0x1000,0x1FFF" specifies that only bytes between 1000H and 1FFFH will
be downloaded.

An individual byte will be discarded if an address region is specified and

   Absolute Address < Start Address or  Absolute Address > End Address

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 icePROM User Manual
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icePROM Absolute Address icePROM Absolute Address

address offset=0 offset=1 address offset=0 offset=1

icePROM 1 icePROM 4
000000   000000  Note 1   000000   000001  000000
000001   000002  000001   000001   000003  000002
000002   000004  000003   000002   000005  000004

07fffe   0ffffc  0ffffb   07fffe   0ffffd  0ffffc
07ffff   0ffffe  0ffffd   07ffff   0fffff  0ffffe
icePROM 2 icePROM 5
000000   100000  0fffff   000000   100001  100000
000001   100002  100001   000001   100003  100002
000002   100004  100003   000002   100005  100004

07fffe   1ffffc  1ffffb   07fffe   1ffffd  1ffffc
07ffff   1ffffe  1ffffd    07ffff   1fffff  1ffffe
icePROM 3 icePROM 6
000000   200000  1fffff   000000   200001  200000
000001   200002  200001   000001   200003  200002
000002   200004  200003   000002   200005  200004

07fffe   2ffffc  2ffffb   07fffe   2ffffd  2ffffc
07ffff   2ffffe  2ffffd   07ffff   2fffff  2ffffe

   Table 1, download mapping with ­w=2 ­c=3 –s=19

Note 1 with an offset of +1 the handling of address 2fffff is
dependant on which offset option is used.
­o=1  2fffff will overflow and the downloaded will be
 terminated with an error condition. 
­od=1 2fffff will be discarded and a warning message printed. 
­ow=1 2fffff will wrap around to 0.

An address offset can be specified with the "-o", "-od", or "-ow" options. The address
offset is specified as a signed hex constant. The address offset will be added to the
absolute address for each byte. Let’s call this the load address.

The maximum address inside each icePROM is 2 size-1. There are Contiguous * Width
icePROMs, so:

   overflow address = Contiguous * Width * 2size 

With no address offset specified:

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   load address = absolute address

With the "-o" and "-od" options.

   load address = absolute address + address offset

With the "-ow" option

   load address= (absolute address + address offset) % overflow address

An individual byte will be discarded if

   load address < 0  or  load address >= overflow address

In this event with no offset or with the "-o" option the download will be terminated and
an error message printed.

With the "-od" option a warning message will be generated specifying which bytes
have been discarded. This warning can be suppressed by setting the message level
to error only: "-m=e".

Having determined the load address, and decided whether a byte will be downloaded
or not the following equations determine which icePROM, and at which address
within the icePROM a byte will be loaded to:

   address1 = load address / width 
   index1   = address1 >> size
   address2 = address1 ­ (index1 * 2size )
   index2   = index1 + ( (absolute address % width) * contiguous )

index2 selects which icePROM the byte in question will be downloaded to.
Normally the selection is:

   BASE     = 1 + (index2 / 4)
   icePROM  = 1 + (index2 % 4)

However this ordering can be rearranged with the "-w" option.

Address2 selects the address within the selected icePROM to which the byte in
question will be downloaded.

If an address offset is not a multiple of the width, then the offset will not only shift
download addresses within the icePROM, but also reorder which bytes go into which
icePROM. An offset of 1, with a width of 2 would cause the odd bytes to go into
icePROM 2, and the even bytes into icePROM 1.

Table 1 gives a graphic demonstration of this effect.

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 icePROM User Manual
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2.2 Download Speed

The icePROM can download 1MByte of binary or Intel-hex in less than 5 seconds
with a sufficiently fast PC.

During an intensive embedded software development a programmer might perform

the operation of compiling, linking and downloading many times per day. Reducing
this time as much as possible will result in a genuine increase in productivity both as
a result of less frustration waiting for the compile/link/download sequence and of the
time saved.

Typically all the objects in a project will be linked into an executable file, which will
then be converted into a binary file, or other type of load file. The executable and load
files can be considered temporary files, and can have a size of the order of Mbytes.
Transferring these files across a network can take time, as well as unnecessarily
loading the network.

A performance improvement will be seen if the executable and load files are kept on
local disks, or ideally on RAM drives.

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 icePROM User Manual
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Powering the icePROM

3.1 Power from Target

The icePROM is designed to operate with a wide variety of target voltages. It can be
used in systems operating between 3.0V and 5.25V, and requires no user
configuration.

This is achieved by powering the I/O drivers in the icePROM from the target voltage.
The I/O driver devices in the icePROM are specified to operate between 3.0V and
5.25V.

The core of the icePROM operates at 5.0V generated by a switching regulator. The
supply voltage to the icePROM whether taken from the target or from an external
supply must be switched up to 5.0V.

We have observed that the 8Mb icePROM can draw upwards of 200mA from the
target hardware when operating at 3.0V. In fact the lower the target voltage, the
higher the current that will be drawn, as it has to be stepped up to 5.0V to power the
core of the icePROM.

If your target hardware will be stressed by providing so much supply current to the
icePROM we would recommend that you supply the icePROM from an external
power source.

Also the voltage regulator requires about 250mA after power up to begin regular
operation. This current will only be drawn for a few milliseconds after which the
regular operating current will normally be much less.

3.2 Operation below 3.0V

We have tested icePROM operation extensively at voltages below 3.0V, and have
always observed correct behaviour at target voltages down to 1.5V. This however is
using one of the devices in the icePROM outside its recommended operating
conditions.

Incept has been in extensive contact with the designers of this device. They
acknowledge that it does perform well under these conditions, and do not expect any
problems, however they cannot give a guarantee on this.

Likewise Incept anticipates that the icePROM will perform well in target systems
powered at between 2.2V and 3.0V, but does not guarantee performance or reliability
in these circumstances.

If you are using the icePROM in a system operating below 2.7V with a high clock
speed we recommend you always supply external power to avoid stressing the
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 icePROM User Manual
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voltage regulator which supplies the icePROM core.

3.3 External Power

The current drawn by the icePROM from the target can be reduced by connecting
external power. This can be done through the cable connecting the BASE unit and
icePROM.

The red wire on this cable is not connected to the icePROM but stops just short of
the 10 way header. External power can be connected to this wire. Ground must of
course also be connected to the external power source. The icePROM is connected
through pin 16 to ground of the target system, and this can be linked to ground on the
external power source.

Alternatively there are two 16 way headers on this cable. One will be inserted into the
BASE unit, and the other can be used for connecting external power. The figure
below shows the pin numbering looking from the bottom of the 16 way header
16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2

xxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxx
Polarising plug
15 13 11 9 7 5 3 1

Cable

Ground is pin 7, and external power is pin1.

If the external power supply voltage “V EXT“ is at least 0.4V higher than the target
voltage “VTAR“, the only current drawn from the target is that required by the I/O
buffers of the icePROM.

If “VEXT“ is less than 0.4V higher than the target voltage “V TAR“ then the current drawn
from the target “ITAR“ will not be reduced, but the icePROM will retain its data while
the target is powered down.

There is no risk of the icePROM overdriving the voltage on the data pins while
operating at low voltage if external power is supplied. This external power is only
used to drive the regulator supplying 5.0V to the icePROM core. The I/O buffers
driving the data and reset lines are always powered from the target voltage
irrespective of external power

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 icePROM User Manual
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Trouble shooting

4.1 icePROM not found

We have noticed that sometimes the host PC may have problems communicating
with the icePROM if the PC’s parallel port has been configured in one of the
enhanced modes: ECP or EPP. If you observe a problem, enter the PC’s BIOS setup
and disable enhanced mode capability for the parallel ports: i.e. set it to standard or
compatibility mode.

If you are using a card with extra parallel ports its mode is often configured with
jumpers. Set the card to be not bi-directional, and not 16 bit.

Check also that the icePROM is properly powered up, and try connecting external
power, as described in section 3.3

You should also connect the BASE directly to the parallel port, not through a dongle.
Many dongles get confused by the Mb/s signalling between the PC and the
icePROM.

Some printer drivers try to block direct access to the parallel port if they have been
installed on it. If you find running the icePROM software causes a print driver to give
funny messages, or the download is erratic try disabling any printer drivers
connected to the parallel port you are using

4.2 Checksum errors

Both the BASE unit and the icePROM maintain a checksum on each download
packet, and this is used to guarantee the download. If any checksum errors occur,
the download is slowed and restarted. If three checksum errors occur the download
is aborted.

If checksum errors are occurring, first check that the icePROM is properly powered. If
you are not sure about the stability of the power from your target board connect
external power.

If there are only checksum errors from the icePROM not from the BASE unit it can be
a problem with the cable. Make sure that the cable is not coiled up as this greatly
increases the crosstalk between the signals.

If this doesn't help, try connecting the 16 way header closest to the icePROM into the
BASE unit. This greatly the amount of noise this cable can pick up.

If you are using a 16 or 32 bit icePROM it may always be necessary to use the closer
header as a result of the loading effect of having multiple icePROMs sharing the
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 icePROM User Manual
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same communications bus.

4.3 Supply current

The current the icePROM draws is dependent on the speed at which it is being
clocked, and the supply voltage. The icePROM can draw considerable current at very
low voltages. Please read Chapter 3 for more information on low voltage operation

Some PCs will draw power from the icePROM if they are switched off while the
icePROM is powered when the PC is switched off. This only seems to happen with
older PCs. If you observe this effect make sure you always power down the
icePROM or disconnect the BASE unit from the PC before switching the PC off.

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 icePROM User Manual
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Electrical Characteristics

Absolute Maximum Ratings

Symbol Parameter Conditions Min Max Unit

VTAR Target voltage -2.0 6.6 V
VEXT External voltage -40.0 6.9 V

Recommended Operating Conditions

Symbol Parameter Conditions Min Max Unit

VTAR Target voltage Note (1) 3.0 5.25 V
VEXT External voltage Note (2) 2.4 5.7 V
VI Input voltage 0 VTAR V

DC Operating Conditions

Symbol Parameter Conditions Min Max Unit

VIH High-level input voltage 2.0 VTAR + 0.3 V
VIL Low-level input voltage -0.3 0.8 V
VOH High-level output voltage VTAR = 5.0 V 2.4 VTAR V
VOL Low-level output voltage VTAR = 5.0 V 0.45 V
VOH High-level output voltage VTAR = 3.0 V 2.4 VTAR V
VOL Low-level output voltage VTAR = 3.0 V 0.2 V
VOH High-level output voltage VTAR < 2.6 V Note (1) VTAR - 0.2 VTAR V
VOL Low-level output voltage VTAR < 2.6 V Note (1) 0.2 V
II Input leakage current - 10 10 µA
IOZ Output leakage current - 50 50 µA
ITAR Supply current from VTAR = 5.0 V VEXT not connected Note (3, 5) 100 mA
target
ITAR Supply current from VTAR = 5.0 V VEXT >VTAR + 0.4V Note (3, 5) 6 mA
target
ITAR Supply current from VTAR = 3.0 V VEXT >VTAR + 0.4V Note (3, 5) 3 mA
target
ITAR Supply current from VTAR = 2.2 V VEXT >VTAR + 0.4V Note (1, 3, 2 mA
target 5)
IEXT Supply current from VEXT = 5.0 V VEXT >VTAR + 0.4V Note (4, 5) 100 mA
extern

We reserve the right to make changes in the specification at any time and without notice.
Notes to tables
(1) Please contact us for information on performance issues when 2.2V < V TAR < 3.0 V
(2) VEXT only needs to be connected to reduce ITAR or for data retention during target power down
(3) The current the target draws from each data pin must be added to I TAR
(4) The current the target draws from each data pin must be added to I EXT
(5) The current drawn was measured on a 4Mbit 80ns system

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