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GoI Act 1919

The Government of India Act of 1919 introduced diarchy and limited self-government in British India. Some key points: 1. It established a system of diarchy, where authority was divided between elected Indian ministers and British governors at the provincial level. Elected ministers controlled transferred subjects while governors retained control over reserved subjects. 2. It made the central legislature bicameral and expanded representation, but franchise was still limited. Communal representation was extended to more groups. 3. While it devolved some power provincially, the central government still maintained significant control. Only one-third of expenditures were votable, and the governor-general could override legislative decisions.

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102 views2 pages

GoI Act 1919

The Government of India Act of 1919 introduced diarchy and limited self-government in British India. Some key points: 1. It established a system of diarchy, where authority was divided between elected Indian ministers and British governors at the provincial level. Elected ministers controlled transferred subjects while governors retained control over reserved subjects. 2. It made the central legislature bicameral and expanded representation, but franchise was still limited. Communal representation was extended to more groups. 3. While it devolved some power provincially, the central government still maintained significant control. Only one-third of expenditures were votable, and the governor-general could override legislative decisions.

Uploaded by

Aziz Ur Rehman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GoI Act 1919

Salient features of the Act were as follows:


!. This Act had a separate Preamble which declared that the
objective of the British Government was the gradual introduction
of responsible government in India.
#. Diarchy was introduced at the Provincial Level.
$. Diarchy means a dual set of governments; one is accountable, the
other is not accountable. Subjects of provincial government were
divided into two groups - reserved and transferred.
%. The reserved subjects were controlled by the British Governors of
the province; the transferred subjects were given to the Indian
ministers of the province.
&. The Act of 1919, made a provision for classification of the central
and provincial subjects.
'. The Act kept the Income Tax as source of revenue to the Central
Government. However, for Bengal and Bombay, to meet their
objections, a provision to assign them 25% of the income tax was
made.
(. No bill of the legislature could be deemed to have been passed
unless assented to by the governor general. The latter could
however enact a bill without the assent of the legislature.
). This Act made the central legislature bicameral. The lower house
was the Central Legislative Assembly, with 145 members (104
elected,41 nominated) serving 3 year terms ; the upper house was
the Council of States with 60 members (34 elected,26
nominated) serving 5 years term.
*. The Act provided for the establishment of a Public Service
Commission in India for the first time.
!+. This act also made a provision that a commission would be set up
at the end of 10 years after the act was passed which shall inquire
into the working system of the government. The Simon
commission of 1927 was an outcome of this provision.
!!. The communal representation was extended to Sikhs, Europeans
and Anglo Indians, Indian Christian.
!#. The Franchise (Right of voting) was granted to the limited number
of only those who paid certain minimum "Tax" to the
government. Property was one of the main basis to determine a
franchisee. Those people who had a property, taxable income &
paid land revenue of Rs. 3000 were entitled to vote.
!$. The seats distribution among the provinces not upon the basis
of the population but upon the basis of their importance in the
eyes of the government, on the basis of communities, and
!%. The financial powers of the central legislature were also very much
limited. The budget was to be divided into two categories, votable
and non-votable.
!&. The votable items covered only one third of the total
expenditure. Even Governor-General was empowered to restore
any grant refused or reduced by the legislature, if in his opinion
the demand was essential for the discharge of his responsibilities.

Thus the Government of India Act provided for partial transfer of power
to the electorate through the system of diarchy. It also prepared the
ground for Indian federalism, as it identified the provinces as units of
fiscal and general administration.

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