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Microwave Filters: Report: - High Pass Filter On ADS

This document discusses microwave filters and high pass filters. It provides background on microwave frequencies ranging from 300MHz to 300GHz. It then discusses advantages and disadvantages of microwave frequencies. Microwave filters are designed to discriminate between wanted and unwanted signals in applications like satellite TV, radar systems, and cellular networks. High pass filters are designed to pass signals above a cutoff frequency while blocking lower frequencies. The document concludes by describing the design of a high pass filter with a cutoff frequency of 10kHz using ADS (Advanced Design System) software.

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abdul wakeel
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122 views7 pages

Microwave Filters: Report: - High Pass Filter On ADS

This document discusses microwave filters and high pass filters. It provides background on microwave frequencies ranging from 300MHz to 300GHz. It then discusses advantages and disadvantages of microwave frequencies. Microwave filters are designed to discriminate between wanted and unwanted signals in applications like satellite TV, radar systems, and cellular networks. High pass filters are designed to pass signals above a cutoff frequency while blocking lower frequencies. The document concludes by describing the design of a high pass filter with a cutoff frequency of 10kHz using ADS (Advanced Design System) software.

Uploaded by

abdul wakeel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Microwave Filters

Report: - High Pass Filter on ADS

Submitted By:
Abdul Wakeel
MS Electrical
Riphah International University
Islamabad

Submitted to:
Sir. Dr. Sohail Khalid
Microwave Frequency

Microwave frequency ranges from 300Mhz to 300Ghz but devices can use frequencies up to
10000000Ghz. Name microwave is given because they have wavelength of micro meters.

Advantages of microwave:-
1. Increased bandwidth increases availability which means if bandwidth increases more data can
pass through the channel with respect to unit tine.
2. Directivity of antenna increases as the width of beam decreases the directivity of antenna
increases
3. So high gain and directive antenna can be designed and fabricated more easily at microwave
frequency.
4. Due to line of sight propagation and high frequency there is less fading effect and
communication is more reliable.
5. Repeaters are placed at 50km.
6. The Tx and Rx power requirement is very low at microwave frequency.
7. Size of components is very small hence smaller system is possible.

Disadvantage:-
Phase variation is high thus distributed parameters like in transmission lines at
high frequency it is not possible to identify where is resistance, capacitance and inductance they vary
with the distance, the conductor itself shows impedance as the function of its length.

Microwave Filters:-
These are the circuits which perform signal processing function specially to remove unwanted frequency
components from the signal wanted one.
Microwave filters are designed to work in frequency ranges from 300 MHz to 300 GHz.
Microwave filter applications are diverse from entertainment via satellite television, Civil, and military
radar system. Cellular radio used as conventional telephony.
Microwave and RF filters are widely used in all these systems to discriminate between wanted and
unwanted signals.

Because the power is high in BTS that’s why Tx filter is required to protect Rx filter but it is not requied in
moile phone because the power is very low upto 4 mW.
Two Port Network

Any network Electronic, Communication, Transmission, Distribution which has two ports which means
four terminals for two way communication is called two port network.

Two port network is considered as a black box which we don’t what is inside the box than we can find
the response of two port network by finding

1. Z parameters. 4. ABCD parameters


2. Y parameters. 5. S parameters
3. H parameters.

Two port network model is used in mathematical circuit analysis techniques to isolate portion of larger
circuits, it tells response of the network to the signals applied. It also allows similar circuits or devices to
be compared easily.

Z parameters
The input and output of a two port network can either be voltage or current. If the network is voltage
driven, that can be represented as shown below.

If the network is driven by current, that can be represented as shown below.

From, both of the figures above, it is clear that, there are only four variables. One pair of voltage variables
V1 and V2 and one pair of current variables I1 and I2. Thus, there are only four ratio of voltage to current,
and those are, these four ration are considered as parameters of the network. We all know,
This is why these parameters are called either impedance parameter or Z parameter. The values of these
Z parameters of a two port network, can be evaluated by making once and another once Let us explain in

Brief. For that, first we make the output port of the network open circuited as shown below.

In this case as the output is open, there will be no current in the output port. I.e. In this condition, the
ratio of input voltage to input current, is mathematically represented as, this known as input impedance

Of

The network, while output port is open. This is denoted by Z11 so, finally,

Similarly,

Now, Voltage source V2 is connected across port 2 that is output port, and the port 1 or input port is
kept open as shown below

Now, ratio of V2 and I2 at I1=0 is,


This is called open circuit output impedance. Similarly,
Since, all these above shown Z parameter have been obtained by open circuiting output port or input
port, the parameters are also referred as open circuit impedance parameter. Now, we can relate all
voltage and current variables of a two port network by these Z parameters.

These two equations can be represented in matrix form, as shown below,

S parameters:-
If the frequencies are in microwave range or we have a nonlinear network than h, y and z parameters
cannot be used for following reasons.

1. Equipment is not available to measure total voltage and current at the port of network.
2. Short circuit and open circuit are difficult to achieve over broadband of frequencies.
3. Active devices such as power transistors and tunnel diodes frequently will not have stability for
short and open circuit because when we open or short a circuit in existence of these
components the circuit will start to oscillate and cause instability.

Scattering parameters or S-parameters (the elements of a scattering matrix or S-matrix) describe the
electrical behavior of linear electrical networks when undergoing various steady state stimuli by
electrical signals. The parameters are useful for several branches of electrical engineering,
including electronics, communication systems design, and especially for microwave engineering.

The S-parameter matrix for the 2-port network is probably the most commonly used and serves as the
basic building block for generating the higher order matrices for larger networks. In this case the
relationship between the reflected, incident power waves and the S-parameter matrix is given by:
Expanding the matrices into equations gives:

and
.

High pass filter


Passive high pass filter circuit as its name implies, only passes signals above the selected cut-off
point, ƒc eliminating any low frequency signals from the waveform.

In this circuit arrangement, the reactance of the capacitor is very high at low frequencies so the capacitor
acts like an open circuit and blocks any input signals at VIN until the cut-off frequency point ( ƒC ) is reached.
Above this cut-off frequency point the reactance of the capacitor has reduced sufficiently as to now act
more like a short circuit allowing all of the input signal to pass directly to the output as shown below in
the filters response curve.
Design of High pass filter on ADS

In this circuit I have set Cut off frequency to 10khz.

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