POWER PLANT AND INDUSTRIAL PLANT

ENGINEERING

PROBLEMS

Property of:
Batawig, Klifford Ken B.

“It does not matter how slowly you go so long as you do not stop.”
― Andy Warhol
PROBLEMS PART I:

1. Find the work possess for a Helium gas at 200C

*A. 609 KJ/kg B. 168 KJ/kg C. 229 KJ/kg D. 339 KJ/kg
Solution:
W = m R T = m (8.314 / M) T
For helium, M = 4
W/m = (8.314/4)(20 + 273) = 609 KJ/kg

2. Two kilogram of gas is confined in a 1 m3 tank at 200 kpa and 880C. What type of
gas is in the tank?
A. Helium *B. Ethane C. Methane D. Ethene
Solution:
𝑃𝑉 = 𝑚𝑅𝑇
200 (1) = 2 (8.314/𝑀)(88 + 273)
𝑀 = 30
Therefore: the gas is Ethane (C2 H8)

3. Find the enthalpy of Helium if its internal energy is 200 KJ/kg

A. 144 KJ/kg B. 223.42 KJ/kg *C. 333.42 KJ/kg D. 168 KJ/kg
Solution:
𝑅 = 8.314/4 = 2.0785
𝐾 = 1.667 𝑓𝑜𝑟 ℎ𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑢𝑚
𝐶𝑝 = 𝑘 𝑅/(𝑘 − 1) = 1.667(2.0785)/(1.667 – 1) = 5.195 𝐾𝐽/𝑘𝑔 − 𝐾
𝐶𝑣 = 𝑅/(𝑘 – 1) = 2.0785/(1.667 – 1) = 3.116 𝐾𝐽/𝑘𝑔 – 𝐾
∆ℎ/∆𝑈 = 𝐶𝑝/𝐶𝑣
∆ℎ/200 = 5.195/3.116
∆ℎ = 333.42 𝐾𝐽/𝑘𝑔

4. Compute the mass of a 2 m3 propane at 280 kpa and 40˚C.

A. 6.47 kg B. 5.1 kg C. 10.20 kg *D. 9.47 kg
Solution:
Propane is C3 H3--------------M = 12(3) + 8(1) = 44
PV = m R T
280(2) = m (8.314/44)(40 + 273)
m = 9.47 kg

5. Compute the air flow in ft3/min of mechanical ventilation required to exhaust an

accumulation of refrigerant due to leaks of the system capable of revolving air
from the machinery room for a mass of 4 lbs refrigerant.
*A. 200 B. 210 C. 220 D. 230
Solution:
Q = 100 x G0.5 ft3/min
Q = 100 x (4)0.5 = 200 ft3/min

6. Compute the free-aperture cross section in m2 for the ventilation of a machinery

room if the mass of refrigerant is 9 kg.
A. 0.314 *B. 0.414 C. 0.514 D. 0.614
Solution:
F = 0.138 G0.5 m2
F = 0.138 (9)0.5 = 0.414 m2

7. A 29.53” x 39.37” pressure vessel contains ammonia with f = 0.041. Compute the
minimum required discharge capacity of the relief device in kg/hr.
A. 106.71 kg/hr B. 108.71 kg/hr *C. 110.71 kg/hr D. 112.71 kg/hr
Solution:
C = f D L, kg/s
C = 0.041(29.53/39.37)(39.37/39.37) = 0.03075 kg/s (3600) = 110.71 kg/hr

8. Compute the maximum length of the discharge pipe installed on the outlet of a
pressure-relief device in feet for internal pipe diameter of 0.5 inch and rated
discharge capacity is 8 lb/min of air. The rated pressure of relief valve is 16
psig.
*A. 0.286 ft B. 0.386 ft C. 0.486 ft D. 0.586 ft
 Solution:
P = Pg + Patm = 16 x 1.1 + 14.7 = 32.3 psia
L = 9P2d5/16Cr2 = 9(32.3)2(0.5)5/16(8)2 = 0.286 ft

9. A thermal power plant has a heat rate of 11,363 Btu/kw-hr. Find the thermal
efficiency of the plant.
A. 28% *B. 30% C. 34% D. 40%
Solution:
eth = 3412/Heat rate = 3412/11,363 = 30%

10. What is the hydraulic gradient of a 1 mile, 17 inches inside diameter pipe when
3300 gal/min of water flow with f = 0.03.
*A. 0.00714 B. 0.00614 C. 0.00234 D. 0.0018
Solution:
v = (3300/7.481)/(π/4)(17/12)2(60) = 4.66 ft/s
L = 1 mile = 5280 ft
hL = fLv2/2_D = 0.03(5280)(4.66)2/2(32.2)(17/12) = 37.7 ft
Hydraulic gradient = 37.7/5280 = 0.007.14

11. Find the loss of head in the pipe entrance if speed of flow is 10 m/s.
A. 5.10 m B. 10.2 m C. 17.4 m *D. 2.55 m
Solution:
Loss at entrance = 0.5 (v2/2g) = 0.5 [102 / 2(9.81)] = 2.55 m

12. Wet material, containing 220% moisture (dry basis) is to be dried at the rate
of 1.5 kg/s in a continuous dryer to give a product containing 10% (dry basis) .
Find the moisture removed, kg/hr
*A. 3543.75 kg/hr B. 3513.75 kg/hr C. 3563.75 kg/hr D. 3593.75 kg/hr
Solution:
Solid in wet feed = solid in dried product
[1/(1 + 2.2)](1.5) = [1/(1 + 0.1)](x)
x = 0.5156 kg/s (total dried product)
Moisture removed = 1.5 – 0.5156 = 0.984 kg/s = 3543.75 kg/hr

13. Copra enters a dryer containing 70% moisture and leaves at 7% moisture. Find
the moisture removed on each pound on solid in final product.
A. 6.258 lb B. 1.258 lb C. 4.258 lb *D. 2.258 lb
Solution:
Solid in wet feed = solid in dried product
0.3x = 1
x = 3.333 lbs
1 = 0.93y
y = 1.07527 lb
Moisture removed = x – y = 3.333 – 1.07527 = 2.258 lb

14. A 1 m x 1.5 m cylindrical tank is full of oil with SG = 0.92. Find the force
acting at the bottom of the tank in dynes.
A. 106.33 x 103 dynes B. 106.33 x 104 dynes C. 106.33 x 105 dynes *D.
106.33 x 106 dynes
Solution:
P = w h = (0.92 x 9.81) (1.5) = 13.5378 kpa
F = PA = 13.5378(π/4 x 12) = 10.632 KN = 10,632.56 N x 10,000 dynes/N
F = 106.33 x 106 dynes

15. Find the pressure at the 100 fathom depth of water in kpag.
*A. 1,793.96 kpag B. 1,893.96 kpag C. 1,993.96 kpag D. 1,693.96
kpag
Solution:
H = 100 fathom x 6 = 600 ft
P = w h = (600/3.281)(9.81) = 1,793.96 kpag

16. Find the depth in furlong of the ocean (SG = 1.03) if the pressure at the sea
bed is 2,032.56 kpag.
*A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
 Solution:
P = w h
2,032.56 = (1.03 x 9.81) h
h = 201.158 m x 3.281 ft/m x 1 yd/3ft x 1 furlong/220yd = 1 furlong

17. Find the mass of 10 quartz of water.

A. 10.46 kg *B. 9.46 kg C. 11.46 kg D. 8.46 kg
Solution:
V = 10 quartz x 1gal/4quartz x 3.785li/1gal x 1m3/1000li
V = 0.0094625 x 10-3m3
w = m/V
1000 = m/0.0094625 x 10-3
m = 9.46 kg

18. Find the mass of carbon dioxide having a pressure of 20 psia at 200˚F with 10
ft3 volume.
A. 1.04 lbs B. 1.14 lbs *C. 1.24 lbs D. 1.34 lbs
Solution:
PV = m R T
(20 x 144)(10) = m (1545/44)(200 + 460)
m = 1.24 lbs

19. Find the heat needed to raise the temperature of water from 30˚C to 100˚C with
60% quality. Consider an atmospheric pressure of 101.325 kpa. Use the approximate
enthalpy formula of liquid.
A. 293.09 KJ/kg B. 1,772.90 KJ/kg C. 1,547.90 KJ/kg *D.
1,647.29 KJ/kg
Solution:
At 100°C
hf = Cp t = 4.187(100) 418.7 KJ/kg
hfg = 2257 KJ.kg
h2 = hf + xhfg = 418.7 + 0.60(2257) = 1,772.9 KJ/kg
Q = 1(4.187) (100-30) + 1(1772.9 – 418.7) = 1647.29 KJ/kg

20. Find the enthalpy of water at 212˚F and 14.7 psi if the dryness factor is 30%.
Use the approximate enthalpy formula of liquid.
A. 461 Btu/lb *B. 471 Btu/lb C. 481 Btu/lb D. 491
Btu/lb
Solution:
ht = (˚F – 32) = (212 – 32) = 180 Btu/lb
htg = 970 Btu/lb
h = ht + x htg
h = 180 + 0.3(970) = 471 Btu/lb

21. An air compressor consumed 1200 kw-hr per day of energy. The electric motor
driving the compressor has an efficiency of 80%. If indicated power of the
compressor is 34 kw, find the mechanical efficiency of the compressor.
A. 117.65 % B. 75 % *C. 85 % D. 90 %
Solution:
P/m = 1200kw-hr/24 hrs = 50 kw
BP = 50(0.80) = 40 kw
em = 34/40 = 85 %

22. A refrigeration system consumed 28,000 kw-hr per month of energy. There are 20
% of energy is lost due to cooling system of compressor and motor efficiency is 90
%. If COP of the system is 6, find the tons of refrigeration of the system.
A. 43.15 TR B. 46.15 TR *C. 49.15 TR D. 41.15 TR
Solution:
P/m = 28,800/(24 x 30) = 40 kw
BP = 40(0.90) = 36 kw
Wc = 36(1 – 0.20) = 28.80 kw
COP = RE/Wc
6 = RE/28.80
RE = 172.8/3.516 = 49.15 TR
23. A 23 tons refrigeration system has a heat rejected of 100 kw. Find the energy
efficiency ratio of the system.
A. 13.42 *B. 14.42 C. 15.42 D. 16.42
Solution:
QR = RE + Wc
100 = 23(3.516) + Wc
Wc = 19.132 kw
COP = RE/Wc = (23 x 3.516) / 19.132 = 4.32
EER = 3.412 COP = 3.412(4.23) = 14.42

24. A 200 mm x 250 mm, 8-cylinder, 4-stroke diesel engine has a brake power of
150 kw. The mechanical efficiency is 80%. If two of the cylinders were accidentally
cut off, what will be the new friction power?
A. 31.50 kw B. 33.50 kw C. 35.50 kw *D. 37.50 kw
Solution:
em = BP/IP
0.8 = 150/IP
IP = 187.5 kw
FP1 = IP – BP = 187.5 – 150 = 37.50 kw
FP1 = FP2 = 37.50 kw

25. If the energy efficiency ratio of the refrigeration system is 12.6, what is the
COP of the system?
*A. 3.69 B. 4.23 C. 5.92 D. 6.83
Solution:
EER = 3.412 COP
12.6 = 3.412 COP
COP = 3.69

26. An air compressor has a power of 40 kw at 4 % clearance. If clearance will

increase to 70 %, what is the new power?
A. 70 kw *B. 40 kw C. 53kw D. 60 kw
Solution:
The power of compressor will not be affected with the changes in clearance.
Therefore the power will still be 40 kw.

27. What is the approximate value of temperature of water having enthalpy of 208
Btu/lb?
A. 138.67 ˚C *B. 115.55 ˚C C. 258.67 ˚C D. 68.67 ˚C
Solution:
h = ˚F – 32
208 = F – 32
˚F = 240 ˚F = 115.55 ˚C

28. Convert 750˚R to ˚K

A. 390.33 ˚K B. 395.33 ˚K C. 410.33 ˚K *D. 416.33
˚K
Solution:
˚R = 1.8 ˚K
750 = 1.8 ˚K
˚K = 416.667

29. An otto cycle has a compression ratio of 8. Find the pressure ratio during
compression.
*A. 18.38 B. 16.38 C. 14.38 D. 12.38
Solution:
P1V1k = P2V22
(V1/V2)k = (P2/P1)
rkk = rp
rp = (8)1.4 = 18.38

30. A diesel cycle has a cut off ratio of 2.5 and expansion ratio of 4. Find the
clearance of the cycle.
 A. 9.11 % B. 5.55 % *C. 11.11 % D. 15.15 %
Solution:
rk = rc re
rk = 2.5(4) = 10
rk = (1 + c)/c
10 = (1 + c)/c
c = 11.11 %

31. A dual cycle has an initial temperature of 30 ˚C. The compression ratio is 6
and the heat addition at constant volume process is 600 KJ/kg. If cut-off ratio is
2.5, find the maximum temperature of the cycle.
A. 3638.50 ˚C *B. 3365.50 ˚C C. 3565.50 ˚C D. 3965.50 ˚C
Solution:
T2 = T1 rkk-1 = (30 +273)(6)1.4-1 = 620.44 ˚K
QAV = m cv (T3 – T2)
600 = 1(0.7186)(T3 – 620.44)
T3 = 1455.396 ˚K
rc = T4/T3
2.5 = T4/1455.396
T4 = 3638.49 ˚K = 3365.50 ˚C

32. A three stages air compressor compresses air from 100 kpa to 1000 kpa. Find the
intercooler pressure between the first and second stage.
A. 505.44 kpa B. 108.44 kpa C. 316.23 kpa
*D. 215.44 kpa
Solution:
Px = (P12P2)1/3
Px = [(100)2(1000)]1/3 = 215.44 kpa

33. A 10-stages air compressor compresses air from 100 kpa to 800 kpa. Find the
intercooler pressure between 1st and 2nd stage.
A. 282.84 kpa B. 113.21 kpa *C. 123.11 kpa D.
333.51 kpa
Solution:
Px = (P1s-1P2)1/s
Px = [(100)10-1(1000)]1/10 = 123.11 kpa

34. A 3-stages air compressor compresses air from 100 kpa to 700 kpa. Find the
intercooler pressure between the 2nd and 3rd stage.
*A. 365.88 kpa B. 375.88 kpa C. 385.88 kpa
D. 395.88 kpa
Solution:
Px = (P12P2)1/3
Px = [(100)2(700)]1/3 = 191.28 kpa
Px/P1 = Py/Px
Py = Px2/P1 = (191.28)2/100 = 365.88 kpa

35. Carnot cycle A, B and C are connected in series so that the heat rejected from
A will be the heat added to B and heat rejected from B will be added to C, each
cycle operates between 30 ˚C and 400 ˚C. If heat added to A is 1000 kw, find the
work output of C.
*A. 111.44 kw B. 549.78 kw C. 247.53 kw D.
141.89 kw
Solution:
e1 = e2 = e3 = (400 – 30)/(400 + 273) = 54.98 %
e1 = W1/QA1 = (QA1 – QR1)/QA1
0.5498 = (1000 – QR1)/1000
QR1 = 450.22 = QA2
0.5498 = (450.22 – QR2)/450.22
By heat balance:
Qgain = Qloss
mw cp (tb- ta) = mg cpg (t2-t1)
(0.30)(4.187)( tb – 15) = (0.5)(1.0717)(150 – 80)
tb = 44.86 oC
36. A 350 mm X 450 mm steam engine running at 280 rpm has an entrance steam
condition of 2 Mpa and 230 oC and exit at 0.1 Mpa. The steam consumption is 2,000
kg/hr and mechanical efficiency is 85%. If indicated mean effective pressure is
600 Kpa, determine brake thermal efficiency.
At 2 Mpa and 230 oC (Table 3): h1 = 2849.6 s1 = 6. 4423
At 0.1 Mpa: sf = 1.3026 hf = 417.46 sfg = 6.0568 hfg = 2258 hf2 =
417.46 KJ/kg
A. 23.34% *B. 15.25% C. 14.16% D. 27.34%
SOLUTION:
VD = 2[3.1416/4 (0.35) 2 (0.45)(280/60)]= 0.4041 m3/sec
Indicated Power = Pmi x VD = 600 x 0.4041 =242.45 KW
Brake Power = IP (em) = 242.45 (0.85) = 206.08KW
Brake Power 206.08 = 15.25%
etb = ms (h1-hf2) = (2000/3600)(2849.6 – 417.46)

37. A steam turbine receives 5,000 kg/hr of steam at 5 Mpa and 4000oc and velocity
of 30 m/sec. It leaves the turbine at 0.06 Mpa and 85% quality and velocity of 15
m/sec. Radiation loss is 10,000 KJ/hr. Find he KW developed.
At 5 Mpa and 400oC: h1 = 3195.7 KJ/kg s1 =6.6459
At 0.006 Mpa: hf = 151.53 hfg = 2415.9
A. 1273.29 B. 2173.29 *C. 1373.60 D. 7231.29
SOLUTION:
h2 = hf + xhfg = 151.53 + 0.85(2415.9) = 2205.045 KJ/ kg
KE1 = ½ m v2 = ½ (5,000/3600)(30)2 = 625 W = 0.625 KW
KE2 = ½ m v2 = ½ (5,000/3600)(15)2 = 156.25 W = 0.15625 KW
By energy balance:
KE1 + mh1 = KE2 + mh2 + Q + W
W = (KE1 – KE2) + m(h1-h2) – Q
5000 10,000
W = (0.625 – 0.156) + (3600)(3195.7 – 2205.045) – 3600 = 1373.60 KW

38. A steam turbine with 85% stage efficiency receives steam at 7 Mpa and 550oC and
exhausts as 20 Kpa. Determine the turbine work.
At 7 Mpa and 550oC: h1 = 3530.9 Kj/kg s1 = 6.9486
At 20 Kpa (0.020 Mpa): sf = 0.8320 hf = 251.4 sfg = 7.0766 hfg =
2358.3
A. 1,117 KJ/kg B. 1,132 KJ/ kg C. 1,123.34 KJ/ kg *D. 1,054.95
KJ/kg
SOLUTION:
s1 = s2 = sf + xsfg
6.9486 = 0.8320 + x(7.0766)
x = 0.8643
h2 = 251.40 + 0.8643(2358.3) = 2289.78 KJ/kg
h1 - h2a
eST = h1 – h2
0.85 =3530.9 – h2a
3530.9 – 2289.78
h2a = 2475.95 KJ/kg
WT = h1 = h2a = 3530.9 – 2475.95 = 1,054.95 KJ/kg

39. A steam turbine with 80% stage efficiency receives steam at 7 Mpa and 550oC and
exhaust as 20 Kpa. Determine the quality at exhaust.
At 7 Mpa and 550oC: h1 = 3530.9 Kj/kg s1 = 6.9486
At 20 Kpa (0.020 Mpa): sf = 0.8320 hf = 251.4
*A. 96.96% B. 76.34% C. 82.34% D. 91.69%
SOLUTION:
sfg = 7.0766 hfg = 2358.3
s1 = s2 = sf + sfg
6.9486 = 0.8320 + x(7.0766)
x = 0.8643
h2 = 251.40 + 0.8643(2358.3) = 2289.78 KJ/kg
nST = h1 – h2a
h1 – h2
0.80 = 3530.9 – h2a
3530.9 – 2289.78
 h2a = 2538.004 KJ/kg
h2a = hf + x hfg
2538.004 = 251.40 + x (2358.3)
x = 96.96%

40. A 16,000KW geothermal plant has a generator efficiency and turbine efficiency
of 90% and 80%., respectively if the quality after throttling is 20% and each well
discharges 400, 000 kg/hr, determine the number of wells are required to produce if
the charge of enthalpy if the change of enthalpy at entrance and exit of turbine is
500KJ/kg.
A. 4 wells *B. 2 wells C. 6 wells D. 8 wells
SOLUTION:
WT = ms(h3 – h4)
16,000 = ms (500)
0.9(0.8)
ms = 44.44 kg/sec
ms = 160,000 kg/hr
160,000 = 0.20 mg
mg = 800,000 kg/hr
No. of wells = 800,000/400,000 = 2 wells

41. A liquid dominated geothermal plant with a single flash separator receives
water at 204oC. The separator pressure is 1.04 Mpa. A direct contact condenser
operates at 0.034 Mpa. The turbine has a polytropic efficiency of 0.75. For a cycle
output of 60 MW, what is the mass flow rate of the well-water in kg/s?
At 204oC: hf = 870.51 KJ/kg
At 1.04 Mpa: hf = 770.38 hfg = 2009.2 hg = 2779.6 sg =
6.5729
At 0.034 MPa: hf = 301.40 hfg = 2328.8 sf = 0.9793 sfg = 6.7463
*A. 2,933 B. 2,100 C. 1,860 D. 2,444
SOLUTION:
h3 = hg at 1.04 MPa = 2779.6 KJ/kg
Solving for h4:
s3 = s4 = sf + xsfg
6.5729 = 0.9793 + x4(6.7463)
x4 = 0.829
h4 = 301.4 + 0.829(2328.8) = 2232.3 KJ/kg
WT = ms (h3 – h4)
60,000 = ms (2779.6 – 2232.3) 0.75
ms = 146.17 kg/sec
Solving for x2: (h1 = h2)
h1 = h2 = hf + xhfg
870.51 = 770.38 + x2(2009.2)
x2 = 0..049836
ms = x mg
146.17 = 0.049836 mg
mg = 2,933.06 kg/sec

42. An engine-generator rated 9000 KVA at 80% power factor, 3 phase, 4160 V has an
efficiency of 90%. If overall plant efficiency is 28%, what is the heat generated
by the fuel.
A. 18,800 KW B. 28,800 KW C. 7500 KW *D. 25,714 KW
SOLUTION:
Gen. Output = pf x KVA = 0.8 x 9000 = 7200 KW
eoverall= Gen. Output
Qg

0.28 = 7200/Qg
Qg = 25,714.28 KW

43. The indicated thermal efficiency of a two stroke diesel engine is 60%. If
friction power is 15% of heat generated, determine the brake thermal efficiency of
the engine.
A. 43% *B. 45 % C. 36% D. 37%
SOLUTION:
 ne = IP/ Qg
0.60 = IP/Qg
IP = 0.60 Qg
BP = IP- FP = 0.60Qg – 0.15Qg = 0.45Qg
etb = BP/Qg = 0.45Qg/Qg = 45%

44. A 305 mm x 457 mm four stroke single acting diesel engine is rated at 150 KW at
260 rpm. Fuel consumption at rated load is 0.56 kg/KW-hr with a heating value of
43,912 KJ/kg. Calculate brake thermal efficiency
A. 10.53% B. 27.45% *C. 14.64% D. 18.23%
SOLUTION:
mf = 0.56 kg/KW-hr x 150 KW = 84 kg/hr = 0.0233 kg/sec
𝐵𝑟𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 150
Brake thermal efficiency = = 0.0233(43,912) = 14.64%
𝑚𝑓𝑄ℎ

45. A waste heat recovery boiler produces 4.8 Mpa(dry saturated) steam from 104°C
feedwater. The boiler receives energy from 7 kg/sec of 954°C dry air. After passing
through a waste heat boiler, the temperature of the air is has been reduce to
343°C. How much steam in kg is produced per second? Note: At 4.80 Mpa dry
saturated, h = 2796.
A. 1.30 B. 0.92 *C. 1.81 D. 3.43
SOLUTION:
hf = approximate enthalpy of feedwater
hf = Cpt
hf = 4.187(104)
hf = 435.45 KJ/kg
Heat loss = Heat gain
m gc p(t 1 - t 2) = m s(h - h f)
7(1.0)(954 – 343) = ms(2796.0 – 436.45)
m s = 1.81 kg/sec

46. A diesel electric plant supplies energy for Meralco. During a 24-hour period,
the plant consumed 240 gallons of fuel at 28°C and produced 3930 KW-hr. Industrial
fuel used is 28°API and was purchased at P30 per liter at 15.6°C. What is the cost
of the fuel be to produce one KW-hr?
*A. P6.87 B. P1.10 C. P41.07 D. P5.00
SOLUTION:
SG 15.6C = 141.5/(131.5 + 28) = 0.887
Density at 15.6°C = 0.887(1kg/li) = 0.887 kg/li
SG 28C = 0.887[1-.0007(1 – 15.6)] = .879
Density at 28°C = 0.879(1 kg/li) = 0.879 kg/li
V28C / V15.6C = SG15.6C / SG28C
240 / V15.6C = 0.887 / 0.879
V15.6C = 237.835 gallons x 3.785 li/gal = 900.21 li
Cost = [(30)(900.21)] / 3930 = P6.87/KW-hr

47. In a gas turbine unit, air enters the combustion chamber at 550 kpa, 277°C and
43 m/s. The products of combustion leave the combustor at 511 kpa, 1004°C and 180
m/s. Liquid fuel enters with a heating value of 43,000 KJ/kg. For fuel-air ratio of
0.0229, what is the combustor efficiency of the unit in percent?
A. 70.38% B. 79.385% *C. 75.38% D. 82.38%
SOLUTION:
Heat supplied by fuel = mfQh = 0.0229(43,000) = 984.7 KJ/kg air
Q = heat absorbed by fuel
Q/m = Cp(T2 – T1) + ½(V22 – V12)
Q/m = (1.0)(1004 – 277) + ½[(180) 2 –(43) 2]/1000 =742.28 KJ/kg air
742.28
Combustor Efficiency = 984.7 = 75.38%

48. The specific speed of turbine is 85 rpm and running at 450 rpm. If the head is
20 m and generator efficiency is 90%, what is the maximum power delivered by the
generator.
A. 450.51 KW B. 354.52 KW C. 650.53 KW *D.
835.57 KW
SOLUTION:
 NS = (N√HP)/h5/4
85 = (450√HP)/(20 x 3.281) 5/4
Hp = 1244.52
Generator Output = (1244.52 x 0.746)(0.9) = 835.57 KW

49. In Francis turbine, the pressure gage leading to the turbine casing reads 380
Kpa. The velocity of water entering the turbine is 8 m/sec, if net head of the
turbine is 45 m, find the distance from center of spiral casing to the tailrace.
*A. 3.0 m B. 3.5 m C. 4.0 m D. 4.5m
SOLUTION :

𝑃
h = 𝑤 + 𝑧 + V2/2g
45 = (380/9.81) + z + [82/(2 x 9.81)]
z = 3 m

50. A turbine has a mechanical efficiency of 93%, volumetric efficiency of 95% and
total efficiency of 82%. If effective head is 40 m, find the total head.
A. 48.72 m B. 40.72 m *C. 36.22 m D. 34.72 m
SOLUTION:
eT = emehev
0.8 = 0.93(eh)(.95)
ηh = 0.9055
Total head = h eh = (40)(0.9055) = 36.22 m

51. A Pelton type turbine has 25 m head friction loss of 4.5 m. The coefficient of
friction head loss (from Moorse) is 0.00093 and penstock length of 80 m. What is
the penstock diameter?
*A. 1,355.73 mm B. 3,476.12 mm C. 6771.23 mm D. 1686.73
mm
SOLUTION:
h =25- 4.5 = 20.5
v = √(2gh) = [(2 x 9.81 x 20.5)1/2] = 20.55 m/sec
hL = (2fLv2)/gD
4.5 = (2)(0.00093)(80)(20.055)2 / 9.81D
D = 1,355,730 m = 1,355.73 mm

52. In an 9,000 KW hydro-electric plant the over-all efficiency is 88% and the
actual power received by the customer is 110,000 KW-hrs for that day. What is the
secondary power could this plant deliver during the entire day?
A. 58,960 KW-hrs *B. 80,080 KW-hrs C. 65,960 KW-hrs D. 70,960 KW-hrs
SOLUTION:
Plant Capacity = 9,000(0.88)(24) = 190,080 KW-hrs
Secondary Power = 190,080 – 110,000 = 80,080 KW-hrs

53. A Pelton type turbine was installed 30 m below the gate of the penstock. The
head loss due to friction is 12 percent of the given elevation. The length of
penstock is 100 m and coefficient of friction is 0.00093. Determine the power
output in KW. ( Use Moorse equation)
A. 22,273 B. 23,234 C. 32,345 *D. 34,452
SOLUTION:
hL = 0.12(30) = 3.6 m
h = 30 – 3.6 = 26.40 m
v = (2gh)1/2 = [(2)(9.81)(26.4)]1/2 = 22.759 m/sec
hL= (2fLv2)/gD
3.6 = (2 x .00093 x 100 x 22.759) / (9.81D)
D = 2.728 m
𝜋
Q = A x v = [ 4 (2.758)2](22.759) = 133.03 m3/sec
Power = w Q h = 9.81(133.03)(26.4) = 34,452 KW

54. Water flows steadily with a velocity of 3.05 m/s in a horizontal pipe having a
diameter of 25.4 cm. At one section of the pipe, the temperature and pressure of
the water are 21C and 689.3 Kpa, respectively. At a distance of 304.8 m downstream
55. A hydro electric plant having 30 sq. km reservoir area and 100 m head is used
to generate power. The energy utilized by the consumers whose load is connected to
the power plant during a five-hour period is 13.5 x 106 kwh. The overall generation
efficiency is 75%. Find the fall in the height of water in the reservoir after the
5-hour period.
A. 5.13 m B. 1.32 m C. 3.21 *D. 2.20 m
SOLUTION
Energy Output = Power x time = (w Q h) x time
13.5 x 106 = 9.81(Q)(100)(0.75)(5)
Q = 3669.725 m3/s
Volume after 5 hrs = 3669.725(5 x 3600) = 66,055,050 m3
Volume = A x height
66,055,050 = (30 x 106) h
H =2.202 m

56. The gas density of chimney is 0.75 kg/m3 and air density of 1.15 kg/m3. Find the
driving pressure if the height of chimney is 63.71 m.
A. 0.15 kpa *B. 0.25 kpa C. 0.35 kpa D. 0.45 kpa
SOLUTION:
hw = H(da – dg) = 63.71(1.15 – 0.75) (0.00981) = 0.25 kpa

57. The actual velocity of gas entering in a chimney is 8 m/sec. The gas
temperature is 25C with a gas constant of 0.287 KJ/kg-K. Determine the gas pressure
for a mass of gas is 50,000 kg/hr and chimney diameter of 1.39m.
A. 95 kpa *B. 98 kpa C. 101 kpa D. 92 kpa
SOLUTION:
Vg = A x v = 𝜋 / 4 (1.39)2(8) = 12.139 m3/s
PgVg = mgRgTg
P(12.139) = (50,000/3600)(.287)(25 +273)
P = 97.85 kpa
58. A steam generator with economizer and air heater has an overall draft loss of
25.78 cm of water. If the stack gases are at 177C and if the atmosphere is at 101.3
Kpa and 26C, what theoretical height of stack in meters is needed when no draft fan
are used? Assume that the gas constant for the flue gases is the same as that for
air.
A 611.10 B. 631.10 *C.651.10 D.671.10
SOLUTION:
w = P/RT
da = (101.325)/[(.287)(26 + 273)] = 1.180 kg/m3
dg = (101.3)/[(0.287)(177 +273)] = 0.784 kg/m3
Draft = (0.2578)(1000) = 257.80 kg/m3
Draft = H(da – dw)
257.80 = H(1.18 – 0.784)
H = 651.10 m

59. A foundation measures 12 ft x 14 ft x16 ft. Find the number of sacks of cement
needed for 1:2:4 mixture.
A. 302 B. 404 C. 356 *D. 598
SOLUTION:
V = 12 X 14 X 16 = 2,688 ft3 (1 yd3 / 33 ft3) = 99.55 yd3 of concrete

60. For every 1 yd3 concrete, it needs 6 sacks of cement

Therefore:
No. of sacks = 6(99.55) = 597.33 sacks or 598 sacks

61. A rectangular foundation cross-section has a bed plate dimension of 8 ft x 10

ft. The uniform clearance on each side is 1 ft. The height of foundation is 4.5 ft.
If the weight of the steel bar reinforcements needed is 1/2% of weight of
foundation, find the weight of steel bars. Use concrete density of 2400 kg/m3 .
A. 173.47 kg *B. 183.47 kg C. 163.47 kg D. 153.47 kg
SOLUTION:
A = (8 + 2) (10 + 2) = 120 m2
V = Ah = 120(4.5) = 540 ft3 = 15.29 m3
W = wV = (2400)(15.29) = 36,693.25 kg
Weight of steel bars = (1/2%) Wf = 0.005(36,693.25) = 183.47 kg

62. A steam pipe having a surface temperature of 250C passes through a room where
the temperature is 27 C. The outside diameter of pipe is 100 mm and emissivity
factor is 0.8. Calculate the radial heat loss for 3 m pipe length.
A. 1434.7 W B. 37.46 W *C. 2651.82 W D. 3545.45 W
SOLUTION:
A = 𝜋DL = 𝜋(0.10)(3) = 0.425m2
Solving for heat due to radiation:
Tg = 250 +273 = 523K
T2 = 27 +273 = 300K
Qa = 20,408.4 x 104 AF(T14 – T24), J/hr = 20,408.4 x 104(0.8)(0.7539)[(523)4 –
(300)4]
Qr = 10,266,539.06 j/hr x 1hr/3600sec = 2851.82 W

63. Brine enters a circulating brine cooler at the rate of 60 m3/hr at -*C and
leaves at -18C. Specific heat of brine is 1.072 KJ/kg-K and specific gravity of
1.12. Determine the tons of refrigeration.
A. 53.5 TR B. 65.3 TR C.33.5 TR *D. 56.9 TR
SOLUTION:
Density of brine = 1.12(1000 kg/m3) = 1120 kg/m3
m = (1120)(60)/3600 = 18.67 kg/sec
Q = mcp∆𝑡 = 18.67(1.072)(-8 + 18) = 200.11 KW
TR = 200.11/3.516 = 56.91 Tons of refrigeration

64. A turbo-charged, 16 cylinder, Vee-type diesel engine has an air consumption of

3,000 kg/hr per cylinder at rate load and speed. This air is drawn in through a
filter by a centrifugal compressor directly connected to the exhaust gas turine.
The temperature of the air from the compressor is 135C and a counter flow air
cooler reduces the air temperature to 45C before it goes to the engine suction
heater. Cooling water enters air cooler at 30C and leaves at 40C. Calculate the log
mean temperature difference.
A. 47.23C B. 87.82C *C. 43.34C D. 65.24C
SOLUTION:
∆𝑡a = 45-30 = 15C
∆𝑡b = 135 – 40 = 95C
∆𝑡mean = [∆𝑡a - ∆𝑡b] / [ln(∆𝑡a/∆𝑡b)] = [95-15] / ln(95/15) = 43.34C

65. Water is flowing in a pipe with radius of 30 cm at a velocity of 5 m/s at the

temperature in pipe. The density and viscosity of the water are as follows: density
997.9 kg/sec viscosity = 1.131 Pa-s. What is the Reynolds Number for this
situation?
*A. 2647 B. 96.2 C. 3100 D. 1140
SOLUTION:
n = Dvg / v
Where:
D = 2(0.30) = 0.60 m
vg = 5 M/SEC
v = 1.131/997.9 = 0.0011334 m2 / sec
Nm = 0.60(5)/0.0011334 = 2,647

66. Compute the amount of condensate form during 10 minutes warm-up of 180 meter
pipe conveys the saturated steam with enthalpy vaporization hfg = 1,947.8 LJ/kg. The
minimum external temperature of pipe is 2C. The final temperature of pipe is 195C.
The specific heat of pipe material is 0.6 KJ/kg-C. The specific weight is 28 kg/m.
A. 249.69 kg B. 982.45 kg *C. 299.64 kg D.
423.45 kg
SOLUTION:
mp = mass of pipe = 28(180) = 5,040 kg
Heat Loss by steam = Heat loss from pipe
m(hg - hf) = mpcp (t2 – t1)
m(1947.8) = (5040)(0.6)(195-2)
m = 299.64 kg
67. The discharge pressure of an air compressor is 5 times the suction pressure. If
volume flow at suction is 0.1 m3/sec, what is the suction pressure if compressor
work is 19.57 kw? (use n=1.35)
A. 97 kpa *B.98 kpa C. 99 kpa D.100 kpa
SOLUTION:
𝑛𝑃1𝑉1
W = 𝑛−1 [(P2/P1)n-1/n – 1]
19.57 = 1.35(P1)(0.1)/(1.35-1)[(5)1.35-1/1.35 – 1]
P1 = 98 KPa

68. The initial condition of air in an air compressor is 98 KPa and 27C and
discharge air at 450 KPa. The bpre and stroke are 355 mm and 381 mm, respectively
with percent cleared of 8% running at 300 rpm. Find the volume of air at suction.
A. 541.62 m3/hr B. 551.62 m3/hr C. 561.62 m3/hr *D. 571.62
m /hr
3

SOLUTION:
ev = 1 + c – c(P2/P1)1/n = 1 + 0.08 - 0.08(450/98)1/1.4 = 0.842
VD = 𝜋/4 D2 LN = 𝜋/4 (0.355)2 (0.381)(300/60) = 0.1885 m3/sec
V1 = 0.1885(0.842) = 0.15878 m3/sec = 571.62 m3/hr
69. An air compressor has a suction volume of 0.35 m3/sec t 97 KPa and discharges to
650 KPa. How much power saved by the compressor of there are two stages?
A. 18.27 KW B. 16.54 KW C. 13.86 KW *D. 11.58 KW
SOLUTION:
𝑛𝑃1𝑉1
W = 𝑛−1 [(P2/P1)n-1/n – 1] = (1.4 x 97 x 0.35)/(1.4 -1) [(650/97)1.4-1/1.4 – 1] =
85.79 KW
For two stages :
Px = (P1P2)1/2 = (97 x 650)1/2 = 251.097 KPa
2𝑛𝑃1𝑉1
W = 𝑛−1 [(Px/P1)n-1/n – 1] = 2(1.4)(97)(0.35)/(1.4 – 1) [(251.0.97/97)1.4-1/1.4 –
1] = 74.208 KW
POWER SAVED = 85.79 – 74.208 = 11.582 KW

70. A two stage air compressor has an intercooler pressure of 4 kg/cm2. What is the
discharge pressure if suction pressure is 1 kg/cm2?
A. 3 kg/cm2 B. 9 kg/cm2 C. 12 kg/cm2 *D. 16 kg/cm2
SOLUTION:
Px = (P1P2)1/2
Px2 = P1(P2)
42 = 16 kg/cm2

71. A two stage air compressor compresses air at 100 KPa and 22C discharges to 750
KPa. If intercooler intake is 105C. Determine the value of n.
A. 1.400 *B. 1.325 C. 1.345 D. 1.288
SOLUTION:
Px = √100(750) = 273.86 Kpa
𝑛−1
𝑇𝑥 𝑃𝑋 𝑛
= ( )
𝑇1 𝑃1
𝑛−1
(105 + 273) 273.86 𝑛
=( )
(22 + 273) 100
𝑛−1
1.281 = (2.6268) 𝑛
n = 1.326

72. A single acting compressor has a volumetric efficiency of 89%, operates at 500
rpm. It takes in air at 900 KPa and 30C and discharges it at 600 KPa. The air
handled is 8 m3/min measured at discharge condition. If compression is isentropic,
find mean effective pressure in KPa.
*A. 233.34 B. 973.17 C. 198.34 D. 204.82
SOLUTION:
P1V1K = P2V2K
100(V11.4) = 600(6)1.4
V1 = 28.768 m3/min
 VD = 28.768/0.89 = 32.32 m3/min
W = n P1V1/n-1 x [(P2 / P1)n-1/n – 1] = [(1.4 x 100 x 32.32)/(1.4 – 1)] x
[(600/100)1.4-1/1.4 – 1]
W = 7562.19 KJ/min
W = Pm x Vd
7562.19 = Pm x 32.32
Pm = 233.34 KPa

73. A water-jacketed air compressed handles 0.343 m3/s of air entering at 96.5 KPa
and 21C and leaving at 460 KPa and 132C; 10.9 kg/h of cooling water enters the
jacket at 15C and leaves at 21C. Determine the compressor brake power.
A. 26.163 KW *B. 62.650 KW C. 34.44 KW D. 19.33 KW
SOLUTION:
T2/T1 = (P2/P1) n-1/n
(132+273) / (21+273) = (480/96.5)n-1/n

n = 1.249
W = (1.249 x 96.5 x 0.343) / (1.249-1) [(480 / 96.5)1.249-1/1.249 – 1]
W = 62.57 KW
Q = heat loss = mcp(t2 – t1) = (10.9/3600)(4.187)(21 – 15) 0.075 KW
Brake power = W + Q = 62.57 + 0.076 = 62.65 KW

74. A double suction centrifugal pumps delivers 20 ft3/sec of water at a head of 12

m and running at 650 rpm. What is the specific speed of the pump?
A. 5014.12 rpm B. 6453.12 rpm *C. 2770.73 rpm D. 9966.73 rpm
SOLUTION:
N = N(Q)1/2 / h3/4
Q = 20/2 ft3/sec x 7.481 gal/ft3 x 60 sec/1min = 4,488.6 gal/min
h = 12 x 3.281 = 39.37 ft
N = (650 x (4,488.6)1/2)/(39.37)3/4
N = 2,770.73 rpm

75. Determine the number of stages needed for a centrifugal pump if it is used to
deliver 400 gal/min of water and pump power of 15 Hp. Each impeller develops a head
of 30 ft.
A. 6 B. 4 *C. 5 D. 7
SOLUTION:
Wp = w Q h
15 x 0.746 = 9.81(400 gal/min x 0.00785m3/gal x 1/60)h
h = 45.20 m x 3.281 ft/m = 148.317 ft
Number of stages = 148.317/40 = 4.94 stages = 5 stages

76. The suction pressure of a pump reads 3 in. of mercury vacuum and discharge
pressure reads 140 psi is use to deliver 120 gpm of water with specific volume of
0.0163 ft3/lb. Determine the pump work.
A. 4.6 KW B. 5.7 KW *C. 7.4 KW D. 8.4 KW
SOLUTION:
P1 = -3 in Hg x 101.325/29.92 = -10.16 KPa
P2 = 140 psi x 101.325/14.7 = 965 KPa
w = 1/v = 1/0.163 = 61.35 lb/ft3 x 9.81/62.3 = 9.645 KN/m3
h = (P2 – P1)/w = (965 +10.16)/9.645 = 101.105 m
Q = 120 gal/min x 3.785/1gal x 1m3/1000li x 1/60 = 0.00757 m3/sec
P = w Q h = 9.645(0.00757)(101.105) = 7.38 KW

77. A submersible pump delivers 350 gpm of water to a height of 5 ft from the
ground. The pump were installed 150 ft below the ground level and draw down of 8 ft
during the operation. If water level is 25 ft above the pump, determine the pump
power.
A. 7.13 KW B. 4.86 KW C. 7.24 KW *D. 9.27 KW
SOLUTION:
h = 5 + 150 – (25 – 8) = 138/3.281 = 42.06 m
Q = 350 gal/min x 0.003785 m3/gal x 1 min/60sec = 0.02246 m3/sec
Wp = w Q h = 9.81(0.02246)(42.06) = 9.27 KW
78. A vacuum pump is used to drain a flooded mine shaft of 20℃ water. The pump
pressure of water at this temperature is 2.34 KPa. The pump is incapable of lifting
the water higher than 16 m. What is the atmospheric pressure?
*A. 159.30 B. 32.33 C. 196.22 D. 171.9
SOLUTION:
Using Bernoulli’s Theorem:
P1/w + V12/2g + z1 = P2/w + V2/2g + z2
P1/w = P2/w + (V22 - V12)/2g + (z2 - z1)
P1/9.81 = 2.34/9.81 + 0 + 16
P1 = 159.30 KPa

79. A submersible, multi-stage, centrifugal deep well pump 260 gpm capacity is
installed in a well 27 feet below the static water level and running at 3000 rpm.
Drawdown when pumping at rated capacity is 10 feet. The pump delivers the water
into a 25,000 gallons capacity overhead storage tank. Total discharge head
developed by pump, including friction in piping is 243 feet. Calculate the diameter
of the impeller of this pump in inches if each impeller diameter developed a head
of 38 ft.
A. 3.28 B. 5.33 *C. 3.71 D. 6.34
SOLUTION:
V = 𝜋 D N
V = √2𝑔ℎ
𝜋 D (3000/60) = (2(32.2)(38))1/2
D = 0.315 ft = 3.708 inches
80. A fan pressure of 2.54 cm of water t 1.42 m3 per second of air at static
pressure of 2.54 cm of water through a duct 300 mm diameter and discharges it
through a duct 275 mm diameter. Determine the static fan efficiency if total fan
mechanical is 75% and air measured at 25℃ and 60 mm Hg.
A. 50.11% *B. 53.69% C. 65.67% D. 45.34%
SOLUTION:
wA = P/RT = 101.325/(0.287)(25 + 273) = 1.18 kg/m3
hA = hwww/wA = (0.0254)(1000)/1.18 = 21.52 m
vA = 1.42/(𝜋/4)(0.3)2 = 20.09 m/s
Vd = 1.42/(𝜋/4)(0.275)2 = 23.9 m/s
hv = (23.9)2 – (20.09)2 / 2(9.81) = 8.54 m
h = ha + hv = 21.52 + 8.54 = 30.06 m
eT = wa Q h/BP
0.75 = (1.18 x 0.00981)(1.42)(30.06) / BP
BP = 0.6588 KW
ep = wa Q hs/BP = (1.18 x 0.00981)(1.42)(21.52) / 0.6588 = 53.69%

81. A water cooler uses 50 lb/hr of melting ice to cool running water from 80℉ to
42℉. Based on te inside coil area, U1 = 110 Btu/hr-ft2-℉. Find the gpm of water
cooled.
A. 0.10 GPM B. 0.21 GPM*C. 0.38 GPM D. 0.45 GPM
SOLUTION:
Q = mf L = mwcpw(t1 – t2)
50 (144) = mW(1)(80-42)
mw = 189.474 lb/hr
V = (189.474/62.4) (7.48/60) = 0.38 GPM

82. The charge in a Diesel engine consists of 18.34 grams of fuel, with lower
heating value of 42,571 KJ/kg, and 409 grams of fuel and products of combustion. At
the beginning of compression, t1 = 60℃. Let rk = 14. For constant cP = 1.11 KJ/kg-C,
what should be the cut-off ratio in the corresponding ideal cycle?
A. 2.05 B. 2.34 C. 5.34 *D. 2.97
SOLUTION:
QA = mfQh = 0.01283(42,571) = 780,752 KJ
T2/T1 = rkk-1
T2 = (60 + 273)1.4-1 = 956.964K
mt + mg = 409
mt + ma + mf = 409
ma = 409 – 2(18.34) = 372.32 grams
 QA = macp(t3 – t2)
780.752 = 0.37232(1.11)(T3 – 956.964)
T3 = 2846,146℃
rC = T3/T2 = 2846.146/956.964 = 2.97

83. The gain of entropy during isothermal nonflow process of 5 lb of air at 60℉ is
0.462 Btu/R. Find the V1/V2.
A. 3.85 *B. 0.259 C. 1.0 D. 0.296
SOLUTION:
∆s = m R T ln(V2/V1)
0.462 = 5 (53.33/778) ln (V2/V1)
V2/V1 = 3.85
V1/V2 = 1/3.85 = 0.259

84. An auditorium seating 1500 people is to be maintained at 80℉ dry bulb and 85℉
wet bulb temperature when outdoor air is at 91℉ dry bulb and 75℉ wet bulb. Solar
heat load is 110,000 Btu/hr and supply air at 60℉, determine the amount of supply
air.
*A. 93,229.17 lb/hr B. 83,229.17 lb/hr C. 73,229.17 D. 63,229.17 lb/hr
SOLUTION:
Sensible heat per person = 225 Btu/hr
Qa = 225(1500) + 110,000 = 447,500 Btu/hr
Qa = m cp(t1 – t2)
447,500 = ma(0.24)(80 – 60)
ma = 93,229.17 lb/hr

85. In a Brayton cycle that operates between temperature limits of 300K and 1773K
wit k = 1.4, determine the temperature at the end of the compression (isentropic)
for maximum work of the cycle.
A. 700K B. 590.5K *C. 730K D. 350K
SOLUTION:
For maximum work: T2 = (T1T3)1/2
T2 = (300 x 1773)1/2 = 730K

86. At 35% solution leaves the absorber and 30% solution enters the absorber. The
heat removed from the absorber by cooling water is 547.6 Btu and ammonia is
superheated by 10°. Find the pound per pound of ammonia gas from the evaporating
coils.
A. 11 B. 12 *C. 13 D. 14
SOLUTION:
n = lb/lb of ammonia gas from the coils
n = (1 - x2) / (x1 - x2) – 1
n = (1- 0.3) / (0.35 – 0.3) – 1 = 13

87. A Carnot refrigeration system operates at Tmax / Tmin = 1.5. Find the KW per tons
of refrigeration.
A. 1.91 B. 2.15 *C. 1.76 D. 1.55
SOLUTION:
Wo / TR = 3.516 / COP = 3.516 / (Tmin / (Tmax – Tmin)
Wo / TR = [3.516(Tmax – Tmin)] / Tmin
Wo / TR = 3.516[(Tmax / Tmin) – 1] = 3.516(1.5-1) = 1.758 KW/TR

88. Assume 8 ft3 of air at 100 psi, 100℉ are compressed isothermally to a volume of
2 ft3. For each of end states of the process, find the bulk modulus.
*A. 400 and 100 psi B. 400 and 110 psi C. 400 and 120 psi D. 400 and 130

89. An empty open can is 30 cm high with a 15 cm diameter. The can, with the open
end and down, is pushed under water with a density of 1000kg/m3. Find the water
level in the can when the top of the can is 50 cm below the surface.
A. 17.20 cm *B. 2.12 cm C. 4.20 cm D. 5.87cm
SOLUTION:
Consider the water pressure
Pw = w h + 1010.325 + (0.8-x)(9.81) + 101.325 = 109.173 – 9.81x
 Consider the air pressure
P1V1 = P2V2
101.325(Ax0.3) = P2[A(0.3-x)]
30.3795
P2 = (0.3−𝑋)
Pw = P2

30.3795
109.173 – 9.81x = (0.3−𝑥)
9.81x2 – 112.116x + 2.3705 = 0
By quadratic formula:
X = 0.02118 m = 2.12 cm

90. A cylindrical pope with water flowing downward at 0.03 m3/s having top diameter
of 0.08, bottom diameter of 0.04 m and a height of 1.5m. Find the pressure between
the pipe
A. 154.63 Kpa B. 197.93 Kpa *C. 252.44 Kpa D. 243.92 Kpa
SOLUTION:
2 2
𝑃 1 𝑉1 𝑃 2 𝑉1
𝑤
+ 2𝑔 + Z1 = 𝑤
+ 2𝑔 + Z2

𝑃1− 𝑃 2 2
2 = 𝑉2− 𝑉1+ (𝑍 − 𝑍 )
𝑤 2𝑔 2 1

Z1 – Z2 = 1.5 m
Z2 – Z1 = -1.5 m
0.03
V1 = 𝜋 = 5.968 m/s
( )(0.08)2
4

0.03
V2 = 𝜋 = 23.87 m/s
( 4 )(0.04)2
𝑃1 −𝑃2 (23.87)2 − (5.968)2
= 2(9.81) + (−1.5)
9.81

P1 – P2 = 252.44 Kpa

91. Determine the size of pipe which will deliver 8 liters of medium oil (v= 6.10 x
10-6 m2/s) assuming laminar flow conditions:
A. 622 mm B. 754 mm C. 950 mm *D. 835 mm
SOLUTION:
𝑄 0.008
V = =
𝐴 (𝜋)𝑑2
=0.010186/𝑑2
4

Re = 𝑑𝑉
𝑣
For laminar flow, Re = 200
0.010186
2 𝑑( )
2000 = 6.10 𝑥𝑑10 −6
d = 0.835 m = 835 mm

92. The type of flow occupying in a 1 cm diameter pipe which water flows at a
velocity of 2.50 m/s. Use v = 1.13 x 10-6 m2/s for water.
*A. turbulent B. constant C. laminar D. none of the above

SOLUTION:

𝑑𝑣
Re = 𝑣
(0.01)(2.50)
Re = 1.13 𝑥 10−6

Re = 22,124
Since it is greater than 2000 then it is turbulent flow

93. What is the force is exerted by water jet 60 mm diameter if it strikes a wall
at the rate of 15 m/s?
*A. 636.17 N B.442.62 N C. 764.23 N D. 563.34 N
SOLUTION:
F = w Q v
𝜋
Q = A v = [( 4 ) (0.06)2 ] (15) = 0.0424 m3/s
F = (1000)(0.0424)(15) = 636.17 N

94. A 300 mm diameter pipe discharges water at the rate of 200 li/s. Point 1 on the
pipe has a pressure of 260 kpa and 3.4 m below point 1 is point 2 with a pressure
of 300 kpa. Compute the head loss between points 1 and 2.
A. 4.29 m B. 2.59 m C. 6.32 m *D. 1.87 m
SOLUTION:
2 𝑉2
𝑃 1 𝑉1 𝑃
h
+ + 𝑍1 = 𝑤2 + 2𝑔2+ 𝑍2 + L
𝑤 2𝑔
𝑃1 − 𝑃2
h L = 𝑤
285−300
+ (𝑍1 + 𝑍2 )= 9.81 + 3.40=1.87 𝑚

95. Water flowing at the rate of 10 m/s from an orifice at the bottom of a
reservoir. Find the pressure at the bottom of the reservoir.
A. 30 kpag B. 40 kpag *C. 50 kpag D. 60 kpag
SOLUTION:
h = V2/ 2g = 102/ 2(9.81) = 5.0968 m
P = w h = 9.81(5.0968) = 50 kpag

96. Steam flows through a nozzle at 400oC and 1 Mpa (h = 3263.9 KJ/kg) with velocity
of 300 m/s. Find the stagnation enthalpy.
A. 3300 KJ/kg B. 3290 KJ/kg *C. 3320 KJ/kg *D. 3309 KJ/kg
SOLUTION:
ho = h + v2/2000 = 3263.9 + 3002/2000 = 3309 KJ/kg

97. Air flows through a nozzle at a speed of 350 m/s. Find the stagnation
temperature if entrance temperature is 200oC.
A. 241.25oC B. 251.25oC *C. 261.25oC D. 271.25oC
SOLUTION:
To = T1 + v2/2000Cp = (2000 + 273) + 3502/2000(1)
To = 534.25oK = 261.25

98. Carbon dioxide flows through a nozzle with a speed of 400 m/s. Compute the
dynamic temperature.
A. 92.56oK *B. 94.56oK C. 96.56oK D. 98.56oK
SOLUTION:
For CO2: Cp = 0.846 KJ/kg-K
Dynamic temperature = v2/2000Cp = 4002/2000(0.846) = 94.56oK

99. Carbon dioxide flows through a nozzle with a speed of 380 m/s. The entrance
condition of nozzle is 250oC and 1200 kpa. Find the stagnation pressure.
*A. 2,136.34 kpa B. 2,146.34 kpa C. 2,156.34 kpa D. 2,166.34 kpa
SOLUTION:
T1 = 250 + 273 = 523oK
To = T1 + v2/2000 = 523 = 3802/2000 = 595.2oK
P1 = 1200 kpa
T1/To = (P1/Po)k-1/k
For CO2: k = 1.289
523/595.2 = (1200/Po)1.289-1/1.289
P0 = 2,136.34 kpa

100. Air enters a diffuser with a velocity of 200 m/s. Determine the velocity of
sound if air temperature is 30oC.
*A. 349 m/s B. 359 m/s C. 369 m/s D. 379 m/s
SOLUTION:
C = √𝑘𝑅𝑇 𝑥 1000 = √1.4(0.287)(30 + 273)(1000) = 349 𝑚/𝑠

101. Air flows through a nozzle with temperature of entrance of 420oK stagnation
temperature of 468oK. Find the mach number.
A. 0.744 *B. 0.754 C. 0.764 D. 0.774
SOLUTION:
 To = T1 + v2/2000Cp
468 = 420 + v2/2000
v = 309.838 m/s
C = √𝑘𝑅𝑇 𝑥 1000 = √1.4(0.287)(420)(1000) = 410.8 𝑚/𝑠
M = v/C = 309.838/410.8 = 0.754

102. Air at 300oK and 200 kpa is heated at constant pressure to 600oK. Determine the
change of internal energy.
A. 245.58 KJ/kg B. 235.58 KJ/kg C. 225.58 KJ/kg *D. 215.58 KJ/kg
SOLUTION:
ΔU = mCv (T2 – T1) = 1(0.7186)(600 -300) = 215.58 KJ/kg

103. An insulated rigid tank initially contains 1.5 lb of helium at 80oF and 50
psia. A paddle wheel with power rating of 0.02 hp is operated within the tank for
30 min. Determine the final temperature.
A. 159.22oF B. 169.22oF *C. 179.22oF D. 189.22 oF
SOLUTION:
W = ΔU = m Cv (T2 – T1)
0.02 hp (0.50hr)(2545Btu/hr/hp) = 1.5(0.171)(t2 – 80)
t2 = 179.22oF

104. A 4m2 asphalt pavement with emissivity of 0.85 has a surface temperature of
50oC. Find the maximum rate of radiation that can be emitted from the surface.
A. 2,068.32 watts B. 2,078.32 watts C. 2,088.32 watts *D.
2.098.32 watts
SOLUTION:
Qr = e kev A Ts4
Kev = 5.67 x 10-8 ( Stefan Boltzman constant)
Qr = 0.85(5.67 x 10-8)(4)(50 +273)4 = 2,098.32 watts

105. Air at 10oC and 90 kpa enters a diffuser of a jet engine steadily with a
velocity of 200 m/s. The inlet area diffuser is 0.40 m2. Determine the mass flow
rate of air.
A. 72.79 kg/s B. 74.79 kg/s C. 76.79 kg/s *D. 78.79 kg/s
SOLUTION:
W = P/RT = 80/0.287(10 + 273) = 0.985 kg/m3
m = w v A = 0.985(200)(0.40) = 78.79 kg/s

106. Consider a refrigeration whose 40 watts light bulb remains on continuously as

a result of a malfunction of the switch. If the refrigerator has a COP of 1.3 and
the cost of electricity is 8 cents per kw-hr., determine the increase in the energy
consumption of the refrigerator and its cost per year if the switch is not fixed.
*A. P49.59 B. P47.59 C. P45.59 D. P43.59
SOLUTION:
COP = RE/Wref
1.3 = 40/Wref
Wref = 30.769 watts
W = Wb + Wref = 40 + 30.769 = 70.77 watts
W = 0.07077 Kw
Cost = 0.07077(8760)(P0.08) = P49.59

107. A 75 hp motor that has an efficiency of 91% is worn out and is replaced by a
high-efficiency motor that has an efficiency of 95.4%. Determine the reduction in
heat gain of the room due to higher efficiency under full-load conditions.
A. 2.24 KW *B. 2.44 KW C. 2.64 KW D. 2.84 KW
SOLUTION:
P01 = (75 x 0.746)(0.91) = 50.91 KW
P02 = (75 x 0.746)(0.954) = 53.376 KW
Qreduced = 53.376 – 50.91 = 2.44 KW

108. A household refrigerator that has a power input of 450 watts and a COP of 2.5
is to cool five large watermelons, 10 kg each, to 8oC. If the watermelons are
initially at 20oC, determine how long will take for the refrigerator cool them. The
watermelons can be treated as a water whose specific heat is 4.2 KJ/kg-oK.
A. 2220 seconds B. 2230 seconds *C.2240 seconds D. 2250 seconds
SOLUTION:
COP = RE/Wc
2.5 = RE/450
RE = 1,125 watts
RE = m cp (t2 – t1)
450 t = (10 x 5)(4.2)(20-8)
t = 2240 seconds

109. When a man returns to his wall-sealed house on a summer day, he finds that the
house is at 32oC. He returns on the air conditioner which cools the entire house to
20oC in 15 minutes, if COP is 2.5, determine the power drawn by the airconditioner.
Assume the entire mass within the house is 800 kg of air for which cv = 0.72 KJ/kg-
K, cp = 1.0KJ/kg-K.
A. 1.072 KW B. 2.072 KW *C. 3.072 KW D. 4.072 KW
SOLUTION:
RE = m cv (T2 –T1) = (800/15x60)(0.72)(32-20)
RE = 7.66 KW
Wc = 7.68/2.5 = 3.072 KW

110. A heat source at 8000K losses 2000 KJ of heat to a sink at 500oK. Determine the
entropy generated during this process.
*A. 1.5 KJ/K B. 2.5 KJ/K C. -2.5 KJ/K D. 4
KJ/K
SOLUTION:
ΔSsource = -2000/800 = -2.5
ΔSsink = 2000/500 = 4
ΔSgen. = -2.5 + 4 = 1.5 KJ/K

111. Helium gas is compressed in an adiabatic compressor from an initial state of

14 psia and 50oF to a final temperature of 320oF in a reversible manner. Determine
the exit pressure of Helium.
A. 38.5 psia *B. 40.5 psia C. 42.5 psia D.
44.5 psia
SOLUTION:
T2/T1 = (P2/P1)n-1/n
(320 + 460)/(50 +460) = (P2/14)1.587-1/1.587
P2 = 40.5 psia

112. Air pass thru a nozzle with efficiency of 90%. The velocity of air at the
exit is 600 m/s. Find the actual velocity at the exit.
A. 382 m/s B. 540 m/s C. 458 m/s *D. 568 m/s
SOLUTION:
e = (v2/v3)2
0.9 = (v2/600)2
v2 = 568.21 m/s

113. A 50 kg block of iron casting at 500K is thrown into a large lake that is at a
temperature of 258oK. The iron block eventually reaches thermal equilibrium with the
lake water. Assuming average specific hear of 0.45 KJ/kg-K for the iron, determine
the entropy generated during this process.
*A. -12.65 KJ/k B. 16.97KJ/K C. 4.32 KJ/K D. 6.32
KJ/K
SOLUTION:
ΔSiron = m c ln (T2/T1) = 50(0.45)ln(285/500) = -12.65 KJ/K
ΔSlake = Q/T = [50(0.45)(500-285)]/285 = 16.97 KJ/K
ΔSgen. = -12.65 + 16.97 = 4.32 KJ/K

114. A windmill with a 12 m diameter rotor is to be installed at a location where

the wind is blowing at an average velocity of 10 /s. Using standard conditions of
air (1 atm, 25oC), determine the maximum that can be generated by the windmill.
A. 68 KW *B. 70 KW C. 72 KW D. 74 KW
SOLUTION:
w = P/RT = 101.325/(0.28)(25+ 273) = 1.1847 kg/m3
m = w A v = 1.1847(π/4 x 122)(10) = 1,1339.895 kg/s
KE = v2/2000 = 102/2000 = 0.05 KJ/kg
 Power = m KE = 1,339.895(0.05) = 70 KW

115. Consider a large furnace that can supply heat at a temperature of 2000oR at a
steady rate of 3000Btu/s. Determine the energy of this energy. Assume an
environment temperature of 77oF.
A. 2305.19 KW *B. 2315.19 KW C. 2325.19 KW D. 2335.19 KW
SOLUTION:
e = 2000−(77+460)
2000
= 0.7315
W = e Q = 0.7315(3000) = 2194.5 Btu/s = 2315.19 KW

116. A heat engine receives hat from a source at 1200oK at a rate of 5000KJ/s and
rejects the waste heat to a medium at 3000oK. The power output of the heat engine is
180 KW. Determine the irreversible rate for this process.
A. 190 KW *B. 195 KW C. 200 KW D. 205 KW
SOLUTION:
e = (1200 – 300) / 1200 = 0.75
W = 0.75(500) = 375 KW
Irreversibilities = 375 – 180 195 KW

117. A dealer advertises that he has just received a shipment of electric

resistance heaters for residential buildings that have an efficiency of 100
percent. Assuming an indoor temperature of 21oC and outdoor temperature of 10oC,
determine the second law efficiency of these heaters.
A. 8.74% B. 6.74% *C. 3.74% D. 4.74%
SOLUTION:
COP1 = 100% efficient = 1
COP2 = (21 + 273) / (21 – 10) = 26.72
e = COP1 /COP2 = 1/ 26.72 = 3.74 %

118. A thermal power plant has a heat rate of 11,363 Btu/KW-hr. Find the thermal
efficiency of the plant.
A. 34% B. 24% C. 26% *D. 30%
SOLUTION:
e = 3412 / Heat rate = 3412 / 11363 = 30 %

119. A rigid tank contains 2 kmol of N2 and 6 kmol of CO2 gasses at 300oK and 115
Mpa. Find the tank volume us ideal gas equation.
A. 7.33 m3 B. 5.33 m3 C. 3.33 m3 *D. 1.33 m3
SOLUTION:
PmVm = Nm R Tm
15,000 Vm = (6 + 2)(8.314)(300)
Vm = 1.33 m3

120. A spherical balloon with a diameter of 6 m is filled with helium at 20oC and
200 kpa. Determine the mole number.
*A. 9.28 Kmol B. 10.28 Kmol C. 11.28 Kmol D. 13.28 Kmol
SOLUTION:
P V = N R T
(200)[(4/3)(π)(6/2)3] = N (8.314)(20 + 273)
N = 9.28 Kmol

121. The air in an automobile tire with a volume of 0.53 ft3 is at 90oF and 20 psig.
Determine the amount of air that must be added to raise the pressure to the
recommended value of 30 psig. Assume the atmospheric to be 14.7 psia and the
temperature and the volume to remain constant.
*A. 0.026 lb B. 0.046 lb C. 0.066 lb D. 0.086 lb
SOLUTION:
P V = m R T
(20 + 14.7)(144)(0.53) = m1 (53.3)(90 + 460)
m1 = 0.09034 lb
(30 + 14.7)(144)(0.53) = m2(53.3)(90 + 460)
m2 = 0.11634 lb
madded = m2 – m1 = 0.11634 – 0.09034 = 0.026 lb
122. A rigid tank contains 20 lbm of air at 20 psia and 70oF. More air is added to
the tank until the pressure and temperature rise to 35 psia and 90 oF, respectively.
Determine the amount of air added to the tank.
A. 11.73 lb *B. 13.73 lb C. 15.73 lb D. 17.73 lb
SOLUTION:
P1V1 = m1 R1T1
(20 x 144)(V1) = 20 (53.3)(70 + 460)
V = 196.17 ft3
P2V2 = m2R2T2
(35 x 144)(196.17) = m2 (53.3)(90 + 460)
m2 = 33.73 lbs
madded = m2 –m1 = 33.73 – 20 = 13.73 lb

123. A rigid tank contains 5 kg of an ideal gas at 4 atm and 40oC. Now a valve is
opened, and half of mass of the gas is allowed to escape. If the final pressure in
the tank is 1,5 atm, the final temperature in the tank is:
*A. -38oC B. -30oC C. 40oC D. 53oC
SOLUTION:
PV = m R T
(4 x 9.81)(V) = 5(0.287)(40 + 273)
V = 11.446 m3
PV = mRT
(1.5 x 9.81)(11.446) = (5/2)(0.287)(T)
T = 234.74oK = -38.26oC

124. The pressure of an automobile tire is measured to be 200 kpa(gage) before the
trip and 220 kpa(gage) after the trip at a location where the atmospheric pressure
is 90 kpa. If the temperature of the air in the tire before the trip is 25oC, the
air temperature after the trip is:
*A. 45.6oC B. 54.6oC C. 27.5oC D. 26.7oC
SOLUTION:
T2 / T1 = P2 / P1
T2 / (25+ 273) = (220 +90) / (200 + 90)
T2 = 318.55 K
t2 = 45.55oC

125. Water is boiling at 1 atm pressure in a stainless steel pan on an electric

range. It is observed that 2 kg of liquid ater evaporates in 30 mins. The rate of
heat transfer to the water is:
A. 2.97 KW B. 0.47 KW *C. 2.51 KW D. 3.12 KW
SOLUTION:
Q = mL = [30(6)
2
](2257) = 2.51 KW

126. Consider a person standing in a breezy room at 20oC. Determine the total rate
of heat transfer from this person if the exposed surface area and the average outer
surface temperature of the person are 1.6 m2 and 29oC, respectively, and the
convection heat transfer coefficient is 6 W/m2 with emissivity factor of 0.95.
A. 86.40 watts B. 61.70 watts C. 198.1 watts *D. 168.1 watts
SOLUTION:
Qc = h A (t2 – t1) = (6)(1.6)(29.20) = 86.40 watts
Qr = (0.95)(5.67 x 10-6)[(1.6)(29 + 273)4 – (20 + 273)4] = 81.7 watts
Q = Qc + Qr = 86.40 + 81.7 = 168.1 watts

127. Water is boiler in a pan on a stove at sea level. During 10 minutes of

boiling, it is observed that 200 grams of water has evaporated. Then the rate of
heat transfer to the water is:
A. 0.84 KJ/min *B. 45.1 KJ/min C. 41.8 KJ/min D. 53.5 KJ/min
SOLUTION:
Q = m L = (0.2 / 10) (2257) = 45.1 KJ/min

128. An aluminum pan whose thermal conductivity is 237 W/m-C has a flat bottom
whose diameter is 20 cm and thickness 0.4 cm. Heat is transferred steadily to
boiling water in the pan through its bottom at a rate of 500 watts. If the inner
surface of the bottom of the pan is 105oC, determine the temperature of the surface
of the bottom of the pan.
 A. 95.27 oC *B. 105.27oC C. 115.27oC D. 125.27oC
SOLUTION:
A = π / 4 ( 0.20)2 = 0.0314 m2
Q = 𝑘 𝐴 (𝑡𝑥2− 𝑡1)

(237)(0.0314)(𝑡2 − 105)
500 = 0.004

T2 = 105.27oC

129. For heat transfer purposes, a standing man can be modeled as a 30 cm diameter,
170 cm long vertical cylinder with both the top and bottom surfaces insulated and
with the side surface at an average temperature of 34oC. For a convection heat
transfer coefficient of 15 W/m2- oC, determine the rate of heat loss from this man
by convection in an environment at 20oC.
A. 316.46 watts B. 326.46 watts *C. 336.46 watts D. 346.46
watts
SOLUTION:
Qc = k A (t2 – t1) = 15 (π x 0.30 x 1.7) (34 – 20) = 336.46 watts

130. A 5cm diameter spherical ball whose surface is maintained at a temperature of

70oC is suspended in the middle of a room at 20oC. If the convection heat transfer
coefficient is 15 W/m2 – C and the emissivity of the surface is 0.8, determine the
total heat transfer from the ball.
A. 23.56 watts *B. 32.77 watts C. 9.22 watts D. 43.45 watts
SOLUTION:
A = 4 π r2 = 4 π (0.05)2 = 0.0314 m2
Qc = h A (t2 – t1) = 15 (0.0314)(70 – 20) = 23.56 watts
Qr = (0.80)(5.67 x 10-6)(0.0314)[(70 + 273)4 – (50 + 273)4] = 9.22 watts
Q = Qr + Qc = 23.56 + 9.22 = 32.77 watts

131. A frictionless piston-cylinder device and rigid tank contain 1.2 kmol of ideal
gas at the same temperature, pressure, and volume. Now heat is transferred, and the
temperature of both system is raised by 15oC. The amount of extra heat that must be
supplied to the gas in the cylinder that is maintained at constant pressure.

SOLUTION:
A. 0 B. 50 KJ C. 100 KJ *D. 150 KJ
Q = m cp (t2 – t1) = (1.2 x 8.314)(1)(15) = 150 KJ

132. A supply of 50 kg of chicken needs at 6oC contained in a box is to be frozen to

-18oC in a freezer. Determine the amount of heat that needs to be removed. The
latent heat of chicken is 247 KJ/kg, and its specific heat is 3.32 KJ/kg-oC above
freezing and 1.77 KJ/kg-oC below freezing. The container box is 1.5 kg, and the
specific heat of the box material is 1.4 Kj/kg-oC. Also the freezing temperature of
chicken is -2.8oC.
*A. 15,206.4 KJ B. 50.4 KJ C. 15,156 KJ D. 1,863 KJ
SOLUTION:
Qchicken = 50 [3.32(6 + 2.8) = 247 1.77(-2.8 + 18)] = 15,156 KJ
Qbox = 1.5(1.4)(6 + 8) = 50.4 KJ
Q = 15,156 + 50.4 = 15, 206.4 KJ

133. Water is being heated in a closed pan on top of a range while being stirred by
a paddle wheel. During the process, 30 KJ of heat is transferred to the water, and
5 KJ of heat is lost to the surrounding air. The paddle wheel work amounts to 500
N-m. Determine the final energy of the system if its initial energy is 10 KJ.
*A. 35.5 KJ B. 45.5 KJ C. 25.5 KJ D. 14.5 KJ
SOLUTION:
Final energy = Qa + ΔU – Qloss + W = 30 + 10 – 5 + 0.50 = 35.5 KJ

134. A classroom that normally contains 40 people is to be air- conditioned with

window air-conditioning units of 5 KW cooling capacity. A person at rest may be
assumed to dissipate heat at a rate of about 360 KJ/hr. There are 10 light bulbs in
the room, each with a rating of 100 watts. The rate of heat transfer to the
classroom through the walls and the windows is estimated to be 15,00 KJ/hr. If the
room air is to be maintained at a constant temperature of 21oC, determine the number
of window air- conditioning units required.
A. 1 unit *B. 2 units C. 3 units D. 4 units
SOLUTION:
Q = total head load = 40(360/3600) + 10(0.100) + 15,000/3600 = 9.167 KW
No. of air-conditioning = 9.167/5 = 1.833 = 2 units

135. A 4m x 5m x 6m room is to be heated by a baseboard resistance heater. It is

desired that the resistance heater be able to raise the air temperature in the room
from 7 to 23oC within 15 minutes. Assuming no heat losses from the room and an
atmospheric pressure of 100 kpa, determine the required power of the resistance
heater. Assume constant specific heats at room temperature.
A. 2.34 KW *B. 1.91 KW C. 4.56 KW D. 6.34 KW
SOLUTION:
w = P / R T = 100 / (0.287)(7 +273) = 1.244 kg / m3
m = 1.244 (4 x 5 x 6) = 149.28 kg
Q = m cv (t2 – t1 ) = 149.28 (0.7186)(23 – 7) = 1,716.36 KJ
Power = 1,716.36 / (15 x 60) = 1.91 KW

136. A student in a 4m x 6m x 6m dormitory room turns on her 150 watts fan before
she leaves the room on a summer day, hoping that the room will be cooler when she
comes back in the evening. Assuming all the doors and windows are tightly closed
and disregarding any heat transfer through the walls and the windows, determine the
temperature in the room when she comes back 10 hours later. Use specific heat
values at room temperature, and assume the room to be at 100 kpa and 15oC in the
morning when she leaves
A. 28.13oC B. 38.13oC C. 48.13oC *D. 58.13oC
SOLUTION:
w = P / R T = 100 / (0.287)(15 + 273) = 1.2098 kg / m3
m = 1.2098(4 x 6 x 6) = 174.216 kg
Q = m cv (t2 – t1)
0.15(10 x 3600) = 174.216 (0.7186)(t2 – 15)
t2 = 58.13oC

137. A piston cylinder device whose piston is resting on top of a set stops
initially contains 0.50 kg of helium gas at 100 kpa and 25oC. The mass of the piston
is such that 500 kpa of pressure is required to raise it. How much heat must be
transferred to the helium before the piston starts rising?
A. 1557.13 KJ B. 1657.13 KJ C. 1757.13 KJ *D. 1857.13
KJ
SOLUTION:
For helium: cv = R / (k-1) = (8.314 / 4) (1.667 – 1) = 3,116 KJ/ kg-K
T2 = (25 + 273)(500 / 100) = 1,490oK
T1 = 25 + 273 = 298oK
Q = m cv (T2 – T1) = 0.50(3.116)(1490 – 298) = 1857.13 KJ

138. In order to cool 1 ton (100kg) of water at 20oC in an insulated tank, a person
pours 80 kg of ice at -5oC into the water. Determine the final equilibrium
temperature in the tank. The melting temperature and the hat of fusion of ice at
atmospheric pressure are 0oC and 333.7 kJ/kg, respectively.
*A. 12.43oC B. 14.43oC C. 16.43oC D. 18.43oC
SOLUTION:
Qwater =Qice
1000(4.187)(20 –te) = 80(2.09)(0 + 5) + 80(333.7) + 80(4.187)(te – 0)
te = 14.43oC

139. A fan is powered by a 0.5 hp motor and delivers air at a rate of 85 m3/min.
Determine the highest value for the average velocity of air mobilized by the fan.
The density of air to 1.18 kg/m3.

A. 18.23 m/s *B. 21.12 m/s C. 25.34 m/s D. 32.23 m/s

SOLUTION:
P = w Q h
0.50(0.746) = ( 1.18 x 0.00981)( 85 / 60) (h)
h = 22.74 m
 v = √2(9.81)(22.74) = 21.12 m/s

140. An Ocean – Thermal Energy Conversion power plant generates 10,000 KW using a
warm surface water inlet temperature of 26oC and a cold deep- water temperature of
15oC. ON the basis of a 3oC drop in the temperature of the warm water and a 3oC rise
in the temperature of the cold water due to removal and addition of heat, calculate
the power required in KW to pump the cold- deep water to the surface and through
the system heat.Assume a Carnot cycle efficiency and density of cold water to be
1000 kg/m3.
A. 108 *B. 250 C. 146 D. 160
SOLUTION:
e = (Th – TL)/ TH = [(26 + 273) – (15 + 273)] / (26 + 273) = 0.0679
e =W / Qa
0.03676 = 10, 000 / QA
QA = 271, 612. 99 KW
QR = Qa – W = 271,812.99 – 10, 000 = 261,813 KW
QR = m cp (Δt)
261, 813 = m (4.187)(3)
M = 20, 643.32 kg/s
Q = 20,843.32 kg/s or 20,843.32 li/s = 20.843 m3/s
H = P / w = 12 / 9.81 = 1.223 m
Wp = w Q h = 9.81(20.843)(1.223) = 250.12 KW

141. A plate – type solar energy collector with an absorbing surface covered by a
glass plate is to receive an incident radiation of 800 W/m2. The glass plate has a
reflective of 0.12 and a transmissivity of 0.85. The absorbing surface has an
absorptivity of 0.90. The area of the collector is 5m2. How much solar energy in
watts is absorbing by the collector?
A. 2500 B. 2880 C. 3510 *D. 3060
SOLUTION:
Q = heat absorbed from sun
Q = (800 W/m2)(5 m2)(0.85)(0.9) = 3,060 watts

142. A tank contains liquid nitrogen at -190oC is suspended in a vacuum shell by

three stainless steel rods 0.80 cm in diameter and 3 meters long with a thermal
conductivity of 16.3 W/m2-C. If the ambient outside the vacuum shell is 15oC,
calculate the magnitude of the conductive heat flow in watts along the support
rods.
*A. 0.168 B. 0.0587 C. 0.182 D. 0.176
SOLUTION:
Q = h A (Δt) = 16.3 (π/4 x 0.0082)(15 – (-190)) = 0.168 watts

143. An elastic sphere containing gas at 120 kpa has a diameter of 1.0 m. Heating
the sphere causes it to expand to a diameter of 1.3 m. During the process the
pressure is proportional to the sphere diameter. Calculate the work done by the gas
in KJ.
A. 41.8 B. 50.6 *C. 87.5 D. 35.4
SOLUTION:
P α D
P = k D
120 = k(1)
K = 120
P = 120 D
V = 4/3 π(D/d)2 = 4/24 π D3
dV = (12/24) π D2 dD
𝐷 1.2 12𝜋 1.2 1440 𝜋
W = ∫𝐷 2 𝑃 𝑑𝑉 = ∫1 (120𝐷) ( 24 𝐷2 𝑑𝐷 = ∫1 D3dD
1 24
W = 87.47 KJ

144. An ideal gas with a molecular weight of 7.1 kg/kg mol is compressed from 600
kpa and 280oK to a final specific volume of 0.5 m3/kg. During the process the
pressure varies according to p = 620 + 150v + 95v2 where p is in kpa and v in m3/kg.
Calculate the work of compression in KJ/kg?
A. 32.8 B. 28.7 C. 35.6 *D. 33.3
SOLUTION:
 V1 = R T / P = (8.314 / 7.1)(280) / (600) = 0.546 m3/kg
𝑣 0.5
W = ∫𝑣 2 𝑃 𝑑𝑣 = ∫0.546(620 + 150𝑣 + 95𝑣 2 )𝑑𝑣 = 33.32 𝐾𝐽
1

145. One cubic meter container contains a mixture of gases composed of 0.02 kg-mol
of oxygen and 0.04 kg-mol of helium at a pressure of 220 kpa. What is the
temperature of this ideal gas mixture in degrees Kelvin?
*A. 441 B. 350 C. 400 D. 450
SOLUTION:
V = V1 + V2
𝑚1 𝑅1 𝑇1 𝑚 𝑅 𝑇
VT = + 2𝑃 2 2
𝑃 1 2
(0.02 𝑥 32)(8.314/32)(𝑇) (0.04 𝑥 4)(8.314/4)(𝑇)
1 = +
220 220

T = 441 oK

146. Methyl alcohol (CH3OH) is burned with 25% excess air. How much unburned oxygen
in kg-mol-oxygen / kg-mol fuel will there be in the products if the combustion is
complete?
A. 0.35 B. 0.45 *C. 0.37 D. 0.65
SOLUTION:
CH3OH + O2 + (3.76)N2 = CO2 + H2O + (3.76)N2
CH3OH + 1.5O2 + 1.5(3.76)N2 = 1 CO2 + 2H2O + 1.5(3.76)N2
Consider 25% excess air:
CH3OH + 1.25(1.5)O2 + 1.25(1.5)(3.76)N2 = 1CO2 + 2H2O + 1.25(1.5)(3.76)N2 +
0.25(1.5)O2
Unburned O2 = 0.25(1.5) = 0.375

147. A 12 DC electrical motor draws a current of 15 amps. How much work in KJ does
this motor produce over a 10 minute period of operation?
*A. 108.0 B. 129.6 C. 216.0 D. 318.2
SOLUTION:
W = E = Q V
W = (15 x 10 x 60)(12) = 108,000 J = 108 KJ

148. A 4 liter (2-liter per revolution at standard pressure and temperature) spark
ignition engine has a compression ratio of 8 and 2200 KJ/kg heat addition by the
fluid combustion. Considering a cold air-standard Otto cycle model, how much power
will the engine produce when operating at 2500 rpm?
*A. 166.53 hp B. 73.12 hp C. 97.4 hp D. 148 hp
SOLUTION:
W = 1.2 kg/m3 (standard density of air)
M = 2 li/rev x 2500 rev/min x 1.2 kg/m3 x 1 m3/ 1000 li x 1 min/ 60 sec
= 0.10 kg/s
e = W / QA
e = 1 -1 / 8 1.4 -1 = 0.5647
0.5647 = W / 2200
W = 1,242.34 KJ/kg (0.10 kg/s) = 124.23 KW = 166. 53 hp

149. A simple Rankine cycle produces 40 MW of power, 50 MW of process heated and

rejects 50 MW of heat to the surroundings. What is the utilization factor of this
cogeneration cycle neglecting the pump work?
A. 50% B. 60% *C. 64% D. 80%
SOLUTION:
QA = WT + Wprocess WP = 40 + 50 + 50 = 140 KW
UF = (Qprocess + WT)/QA = (50 +40)/140 = 64 %

150. The rate of heat transfer to the surroundings’ from a person at a rest is
about 400 KJ/hr. Suppose that the ventilation system fails in an automobile in an
auditorium containing 120 people and assuming that the energy goes into the air of
volume 1500 m3 initially at 300oK and 101 kpa, calculate the rate in oC/min of air
temperature change.
A. 0.81 B. 0.53 *C. 0.63 D. 1.0
SOLUTION:
Q = m cv Δt
 PV = m RT
101(1500) = m (0.287)(300)
m = 1,759.58 kg
Q = m cv Δt
120(400 / 60) = 1759.58 (0.7186)(Δt)
Δt = 0.633 oC / min

151. An insulated box containing helium gas falls from a balloon 4.5 km above the
earth’s surface. Calculate the temperature rise in oC of the helium when box hits
the ground.
A. 15.2 B. 12.6 C. 25.3 *D. 14.1
SOLUTION:
Cv of helium = 3118.9 j/kg-C
m g h = m cv Δt
m (9.81)(4500) = m (3118.9) Δt
Δt = 14.15 oC

152. Consider two Carnot heat engines operating in series. The first engine
receives heat from the reservoir at 2500oK and rejects the waste heat to another
reservoir at temperature T. The second engine receives heat by the first one,
convert some of it to work, and rejects the rest to a reservoir at 300oK. If thermal
efficiencies of both engines are the same, determine the temperature T.
*A. 849oK B. 578 oK C. 763 oK D. 976 oK
SOLUTION:
et = e2
2400−𝑇 𝑇−300
= 𝑇
2400
T = 849oK

153. An ideal gas mixture consists of 2 kmol of N2 and 6 kmol of CO2. The mass
fraction of CO2 is:
A. 0.175 B. 0.250 *C. 0.825 D. 0.750
SOLUTION:
6∗44
Mass fraction of CO2 = 6(44)+2(28) = 0.825

154. An ideal gas mixture consists of 2 kmol of N2 and 6 kmol of CO2. The apparent
gas constant of mixture is:
*A. 0.208 B. 0.231 C. 0.531 D. 0.825
Solution:
M= (2/8)(28) + (6/8)(44) = 40
R= 8.314/M = 8.314/40 = 0.208 KJ/kg-K

155. A Carnot cycle operates between the temperature limits of 300OK and 1500OK, and
produces 600 KW of net power.
The rate of entropy changes of the working fluid during the heat addition process
is:
A. 0 B. 0.4KW/K *C. 0.5KW/K D.2.0KW/K
Solution:
W = (Δs)(TH − TL )
600 = (Δs) (1500 − 300)
(Δs) = 0.50 KW/K

156. Air in an ideal Diesel cycle is compressed from 3L to 0.15L and then it
expands during the constant pressure heat addition process to 0.3L. Under cold air
standard conditions, the thermal efficiency of this cycle is:
rK = 3/0.15 = 20
rC = 0.3 / 0.15 = 2
e = 1 – (1/rKk-1)[(rCK – 1)/k(rC – 1)] = 0.6467 = 64.67%

157. Helium gas is an ideal Otto cycle is compressed from 20oC and 2L to 0.25L and
its temperature increases by an additional 800oC during the addition process. The
temperature of helium before the expansion process is:
*A. 1700oC B. 1440oC C. 1240oC D.880oC
Solution:
rk =2/0 25 = 8
 T2 = (20+273) (8)1.667-1 =1,172K
T3 = T2 + 800 = 1172 + 800 = 1972oK
t3 = 1699oC = 1700oK

158. In an ideal Brayton cycle has a net work output of 150KJ/kg and backwork ratio
of 0.4. If both the turbine and the compressor had an isentropic efficiency of
80%, the net work output of the cycle would be.
A. 50KJ/kg *B. 75KJ/kg C. 98KJ/kg D.120KJ/kg
Solution:
Backwork ratio = WO/WT
0.40 = WO/WT
WO = 0.40 WT
Wnet = WT - WO
150 = WT – 0.4 WT
WT =250 KJ/kg
WT ‘=250(0.8) = 200KJ/kg
WP = 0.40(200) =100KJ/kg
WP’ = 100/0.80 =125 KJ/kg
Wnet= WT’ – WC’= 200 – 125 = 75 KJ/kg

159. Air entered a turbojet engine at 200 m/s at a rate of 20 kg/s, and exists at
800 m/s relative to the aircraft. the thrust developed by the engine is:
A. 6KN *B. 12KN C.16KN D. 20KN
Solution:
Thrust developed = m(v2 – v1) = 20(800 – 200) = 12,000N = 12KN

160. A thermal power has a net power 10MW. The backwork ratio of the plant is
0.005. Determine the compressor work.
A. 50.15KW B. 50.35KW *C.50.25KW D. 50.45KW
Solution:
Wnet= WT + WP
BW= WP / WT
0.005 =WP / WT
WP= 0.005WT
Wnet= WT - WP
10,000 = WT – 0.005WT
WT= 10,050.25 KW
WC= 0.005(10,050.25) = 50.25KW

161. A heat engine receives heat from a source at 1200oK at a rate of 500KJ/s and
rejects the waste heat to a sink at 300oK. If the power output of the engine is
200KW, the second law efficiency of the heat engine is:
A.35% B.40% *C.53% D.75%
Solution:
ea= 200/500 = 0.40
et= (TH – TL)/TH = (1200 – 300)/1200 = 0.75
es= 0.40/0.75= 53.33%

162. A water reservoir contains 100,000 kg of water at an average elevation of 60

m. The maximum amount of electric power that can be generated from this water is:
A.8KWh *B.16KWh C.1630KWh D.58, 800KWh
Solution:
P= m h = (100,000 x 0.00981)(60)= 58,860 KJ
P= 58,860 KJ x KWh/3600 KJ = 16.35KWh

163. A house is maintained at 22oC in winter by electric resistance heaters. If the

outdoor temperature is 5oC, the second law of efficiency of the resistance heaters
is:
A.0% *B.5.8% C.34% D.77%
Solution:
ea= 100% of resistance heaters
et= (22 – 5)/(22 + 273) = 5.8%
es= 5.8/100 = 5.8%
164. A thermoelectric refrigerator that resembles a small ice chest is powered by a
car battery, and has a COP of 0.10. If the refrigerator cools at 0.350L canned
drink from 20OC to 4OC in 30 min. determine the average electric power consumed by
the thermoelectric refrigerator.
*A.130 watts B.110 watts C.120 watts D.140 watts
Solution:
(1 x 0.35)
Q= m cp(t2 – t1) = (4.187)(20 – 4) = 13 watts
30 x 60
COP= RE/Wc
0.10= 13/0.10= 130 watts

165. A Carnot refrigerator operates in a room in which the temperature is 25OC and
consumes 2 kW of power when operating. If the food compartment of the refrigerator
is to be maintained at 3OC, determine the rate of heat removal from the food
compartment.
*A.1504.8 kJ/min B.12.86 kJ/min C.1625 kJ/min
D.9.57 kJ/min
Solution:
COP= TL /TH– TL = (3 + 273)/ (25 + 273) – (3+273) =12.54
QL= COP x W = 12.54 x 2(60) = 1504.8 kJ/min

166. A household refrigerator with EER 8.0 removes heat from the refrigerated space
at a rate of 90 kJ/min. Determine the rate of heat transfer to the kitchen air.
A.101.25 kJ/min B.63.05 kJ/min *C.128.46 kJ/min D.80
kJ/min
Solution:
COP= EER /3.412 = 8/ 3.412 = 2.34
COP= QL /QH – QL = 2.34 = 90 / QH – 90
QH=128.46Kj/min

177. An air-conditioning system is used to maintain a house at 75OF when the

temperature outside is 95OF. The house is gaining heat through the walls and windows
at a rate of 1250 Btu/min, and the heat generation rate within the house from
people, lights and appliances amounts to 350 Btu/min. Determine the minimum power
input required for this air-conditioning system.
A.10.06 hp B.1.36 hp *C.1.41 hp D.7.94 hp
Solution:
QL= 1250 + 350 = 1600 Btu/min
COP= TL / TH – TL= (75 + 460)/(95 + 460) - (75+460) = 26.75
W= QL /COP = (1600 / 26.75) / 42.4 = 1.41 hp

178. A refrigeration system is to cool bread loaves with an average mass of 450 g
from 22OC to -10OC at a rate of 500 loaves per hour by refrigerated air. Taking the
average specific and latent heats of bread to be 2.93 kJ/kg, OC and 109.3 kJ/kg,
respectively, determine the product load.
A.541.7 kJ/min B.351.6 Kj/min *C.761.5 kJ/min
D.409.9 kJ/min
Solution:
Mbread= (500 breads/h) (0.45 kg / bread) = 225 kg/h
Qtotal= Qbread + Qfreezing
= (mcp∆T)breadl (mhlatent)bread = (225)(2.93)[22-(-10)] l (225)(109.3)
Qtotal= 45,688.5 kJ/h = 761.5 kJ/min

179. A house that was heated by electric resistance heaters consumed 1200 kWh of
electric energy in a winter month. If this house were heated instead by a heat pump
that has an average performance factor, PF of 2.4, determine how much money the
homeowner would be saved that month. Assume a price of 0.085$/kWh for electricity.
A. $42.5 *B. $59.50 C.$109 D.$97.75
Solution:
W= QH/PF = 1200kWh / 2.4 = 500 kWh
$ Savings per month = (1200 – 500) (0.085) = $59.50
180. An ammonia simple saturation cycle operates with a suction pressure of 291.6
kPa and a condenser pressure of 1204 kPa develops 15 tons of refrigeration.
Determine the theoretical horsepower of the compressor.
The following enthalpies have been found: condenser entrance = 1653 kJ/kg,
exit =346.6 kJ/kg, compressor entrance = 1450.2 kJ/kg, exit= 1653kJ/kg.
A.7.23 hp *B.13 hp C. 15 hp D.8.23 hp
Solution:
m= Qe/ (h1 – h4) = (15 x 3.52) / (1450.2 – 346.6) = 0.0478 kg/s
W= m (h2 – h1) = (0.0478)(1653 – 1450.2) / 0.746 = 13 hp

181. An ammonia ice plant operates between a condenser temperature of 35OC and
evaporator of -15OC. It produces 10 metric tons of ice per day from water at 30OC to
ice at -5OC. Assuming simple saturation cycle, determine the horsepower of the
motor if the adiabatic efficiency of the compressor ηc=0.85 and mechanical
efficiency ηm=0.95. The specific heat of ice is 2,094kJ/kg. OC and the latent heat
is 335kJ/kg.
From the table for ammonia the following enthalpies are: condenser entrance = 1703
kJ/kg, exit= 366.1 kJ/kg; compressor entrance= 1443.9kJ/kg, exit = 1703kJ/kg
A.17.68 hp B.18.61 hp C.15.5 hp *D.21.9 hp
Solution:
qe=cpa (te – tf) lhlatentlcph(tf – ts)
= (4.187) (30 – 0) + 335 + (2.094) [(0- (-5)] = 471.08 kJ/kg
Qe= (10 x 1000) (471.08) / 24 = 196,283.33 kJ/hr= 54.523kJ/s
m= Qe / (h2 – h4) = (54.523)/ (1443.9 – 366.1) = 0.05059kg/s
W= m (h2 – h1) = (0.0509) (1703 – 1443.9)/ 0.746 = 17.68 hp
Wmotor= 17.68 / (0.85) (0.95) =21.9 hp

182. A Freon 22 air conditioning under standard operating conditions of 35OC is

condensing and 5OC evaporating temperatures. The volume flow rate entering the
compressor is 23.72 L/s. determine the refrigerating capacity if the refrigerating
effect is 164 kJ/kg. From the table for R22 the specific volume at the compressor
entrance is 40.36L/kg.
A.393.3 TR B.79.3 TR C.96.4 TR *D.27.4 TR
Solution:
m= V1/v1= 23.72 / 40.36 = 0.5877 kg/s
Qe= m (qe) = 0.5877 (164)/ 3.52 = 27.4 TR

183. The refrigerant volume flow rate at the entrance of compressor were obtained
from a test on a twin cylinder single acting 15 cm x 20 cm, 320 rpm compressor
ammonia refrigerating plant 33 L/s. Determine the volumetric efficiency of the
compressor.
A.77.65% *B.87.6% C.97.6 TR D.65.65%
Solution:
VD = (π D2 L/4) N= (π /4) (0.15)2(0.2) (320) (2) = 2.26 m3/min
nv =V1/VD = 33/2.26 (1000/60) = 0.876 or 87.6 %

184. A twin cylinder ammonia compressor with volume displacement of 14,726 cm3
operates at 300 rpm. Condenser and evaporator pressure are 1200 kPa and 227 kPa
respectively. Specific volume of refrigerant at the entrance of compressor is
528.26 L/kg. Compression process is polytrophic with a 1.20 and clearance factor of
compressor is 2%. Determine horsepower required.
A.60hp B.70hp C.80hp D.90hp
Solution:
nv= 1+c-c(p2/p1)1/n= 1 + 0.02 – 0.02(1200/227)1.20= 0.8725
VD= (π D2 L/4) N= (0.014726) (320) (2) = 9.424 m3/min
V1= (nv) VD- (0.8725) (9.424) - 8.2224 m3/min
W= (n p1 V1 /1-n) [(p2/p1) n-1/n-1]
= [(1.20 x 2.27 x 8.2224)/ (1-1.20)] [(1200/2.27)1.2-1/1.2 -1] = 3582 kJ/min
W= 3582/ (60) (0.746) = 80 hp

185. Three thousand cubic feet per minute of air are circulated over an air-cooled
condenser. If the load on the condenser is 64,800 Btu/hr, compute the temperature
rise of the air passing over the condenser. Specific volume of standard air
(13.34ft3/lb)
A.10OF B.15OF C.20OF D.25OF
Solution:
Qc= m c ∆t
∆t = Qc/ m c = 64,800/ [3000 (60) / (13.34)] (0.24) = 20OC

186. Saturated vapor ammonia at -16OC (h1 = 1442.60 kJ/kg) leaves the evaporator and
enters the compressor at -6OC (h1 = 1465kJ/kg. The refrigerant leaves the condenser
as saturated liquid at 40OC (h4= 390.6 kJ/kg) and enter the expansion valve at 35OC
(h5 =366.1kJ/kg). Heat rejected from the compressor amount to 50kW. The work to
compressor is 208kJ/kg, while the heat loss from compressor is 33kJ/kg. If 95kJ/kg
of heat are lost in the piping between the compressor discharge and condenser
inlet, determine the refrigerating capacity of the system.
A.49.5 TR B.46.61 TR C.12.88 TR D.13.24 TR
Solution:
Solving for the enthalpy at the exit of compressor using energy balance about
the compressor
h2 = h1 + w - qwc = 1465 + 208 – 33= 1640 kJ/kg
Solving for the enthalpy at the entrance of condenser using energy balance
about piping from compressor exit to condenser entrance
h3= h2 – q2-3= 1640 – 95 = 1545kJ/kg
Solving for heat rejected in condenser using energy balance about the
condenser
qc = h3 – h4 = 1545 – 390.6 = 1154.4kJ/kg
m = Qc/qc = 50/1154.4 = 0.0433kg/s
Solving for refrigerating effect using energy balance about the evaporator h5
– h4 = 366.1kJ/kg

qe= h1 – h5 = 1442.6 – 366.1 = 1076.5kJ/kg

Therefore, the refrigerating capacity
Qe= m qe = [(0.0433) (1076.5)] / 3.52 = 13.24 TR

187. An actual refrigerating cycle using R12 as working fluid, the refrigerant flow
rate is 0.05 kg/s. Vapor enters the expansion valve at 1.15 MPa, 40OC (h =
238.5kJ/kg) and leaves the evaporator at 175 kPa, -15OC (h = 345kJ/kg). The electric
input to motor driving the compressor is measured and found 3.0 kW. Motor
efficiency at this load is 92% and mechanical efficiency 82%. Determine the actual
coefficient of performance for this cycle.
A.1.58 B.2.36 C.1.78 D.1.34
Solution:
Qe= (0.05) (345 - 238.5) = 5.325kW
W = (3) (0.92) (0.82) = 2.26kW
COPactual= 5.325 / 2.26 = 2.36

188. An ammonia refrigeration system the temperature in the evaporator is -12OC and
the ammonia at the evaporator entry is 0.1511 dry while at exit is 0.95 dry. If the
rate of ammonia circulation is 5.64 kg/min, determine the refrigerating capacity of
the system. Enthalpy of saturated liquid and vapor at -12OC is 144.929kJ/kg and
1447.74kJ/kg respectively.
A.17.82 B.34.82TR C.27.82TR D.4.82TR
Solution:
h4= hf4 + x4 (hg4 – hf4) = 144.929 + (0.1511) (1447.74 – 144.929) = 341.78
h1= hf1 + x1 (hg1 – hf1) = 144.929 + (0.95) (1447.74 – 144.929) = 1382.6kJ/kg
Qe = m (h1 – h4) = (5.64) (1382.6 – 341.78) / 211 = 27.82 TR

189. A two stage cascade vapor compression refrigeration system uses ammonia in the
low-temperature loop and R-12 in the high-temperature loop. The ammonia provides 15
tons cooling. If the high-loop temperature requires 10.12 kW compressor power and
low-loop 15.93 kW, determine the COP of the system.
A.2.027 B.5.22TR C.3.314TR D.9.1TR
Solution:
Wtotal= 10.12 + 15.93 = 26.05 kW
COP = 15 (3.52) /26.05 = 2.027
190. When a man returns to his well-sealed house on a summer day, he finds that the
house is at 32OC. He turns on the air conditioner, which cools the entire house to
20OC in 15min. If the COP of the air-conditioner system is 2.5, determine the power
drawn by the air conditioners. Assume the entire mass within the house is
equivalent to 800 kg of air for which c= 0.72kJ/kg OC
A.7.68Kw B.3.07kW C.19.2kW D.12.03kW
Solution:
Qe = m c (t1 – t2) / ∆time = (800) (0.72) (32 – 20) / (15 x 60) = 7.68kW
W= Qe / COP = 7.68 / 2.5 = 3.07kW

191. It is desired to double the COP of a reversed Carnot engine for cooling from
5.0 by raising the temperature of the heat addition while keeping the temperature
of the heat rejection constant. By what percentage must the temperature of heat
addition be raised?
A.10.1% B.9.1% C.8.1% D.7.1%
Solution:
Percent increase of the temperature = (TL – TL) TL = TL / TL – 1 of heat
addition
Original COP: 5 = TL / (TH – TL); (TH – TL) TL = 1/5; TH / TL -1 = 1/5 = 02; TH /
TL = 1.2
eq.1
Doubling the COP:
10 = TL / (TH – TL); (TH – TL) TL = 1/10; TH / TL – 1 =1/10 = 0.1; TH/TL=1.1
Dividing eq.1 and eq.2:
(TH/TL) (TH/TL) = 1.2 / 1.1 = 1.091
Percent Increase of heat addition = 1.091 – 1 = 0.091 or 9.1%

192. An ammonia water-cooled compressor receives the refrigerant at specific volume

62 L/kg. It has a piston displacement rate of 3m3/min. If a squirrel cage motor is
running at 1200 rpm drives the compressor and average piston speed is 490m/min,
calculate size of cylinder bore.
A.20.4 cm B.26.0 cm C.16.13 cm D.13.6 cm
Solution:
Piston speed = 2LN = 490 = 2(L) (1200); L= 0.204 m = 20.4 cm
Vp = (π D2 L/4) N = (π/4) D2 (0.204) (1200) =5
D = 0.1613m = 16.13cm

193. If the initial volume of an ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original
volume and to twice its temperature, the pressure:
A. Doubles B. Quadruples C. Remains constant D.
Halves
Solution:
P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2
P1V1/T1= P2 (1/2 V1) / (2T1)
P2 = 4 P1

194. If the gage pressure of a medium is 30kPa (vacuum) and the atmospheric
pressure is 101.3kPa, the absolute pressure will be:
A.131.3kPa B.-71.3kPa C.71.3kPa D.-131.3kPa
Solution:
Pabs = Patm - Pvac
= 101.3kPa - 30kPa = 71.3kPa

195. If a particle has a velocity of 4 meters per second and a kinetic energy of
144 Joules, then the mass, in kilograms of this particle must be:
A.44 B.16 C.18 D.24
Solution:
KE = (1/2) (m) (V2) / 2k
144 – (1/2) (m) (4)2 / [(2) (1)]
m = 18kg

196. A condenser vacuum gauge reads 715 mm Hg when the barometer stands at 757 mm
Hg. State the absolute pressure in the condenser in kN/m or kPa.
A.5.6kPa B.5.9kPa C.6.5kPa D.5.2kPa
Solution:
 Pabs = Patm – Pvac = 757 – 715 = 42 mm Hg (101.325kPa/760 mm Hg) = 5.60kPa
Determine the force in Newton in a piston of 465 mm2 area with a pressure of
0.172MPa.
A.65N B.72N C.80N D.111
Solution:
F= PA – (0.172MPa) (105 Pa/MPa) (465 mm2) (m2 / 105 mm2)
F = 79.98N

197. One piston of a hydraulic press has an area of 1cm2. The other piston has an
area of 25cm2. If a force of 130N is applied on the smaller piston, what will be the
total force on the larger piston is both piston surfaces are the same level?
A.6N B.175N C.3750N D.4250N
Solution:
F1/A1 = F2/A2
(150/1) = (F2/ 25)
F2 = 3750N

198. If the pressure of a confined gas at a constant temperature is tripled, what

will happen to the volume?

A. The volume will be tripled B. The volume will

remain
C. The volume will be reduced to one-third of its original value D. The
volume is constant
Solution:
P1V1 = P2V2
P1V1 = (3P1) V2
V2 = (1/3) V1

199. The work done on air is 10.86kJ/kg, determine the compressor power if it is
receiving 272 kg/min if air.
A.36.72 hp B.49.23 hp C. 29.54 hp D.66 hp
Solution:
W= (10.86) (272.60) = 49.232 kJ/s or kW
= 49.232 kW (1 hp/ 0.746kW) = 65.99 hp

200. A water tank of 18 ft long and 4 ft high, calculate the pressure at the bottom
of the tank.
A.1.733psi B.1.999psi C.2.337psi D.3.773psi
Solution:
P= (62.4 lbf/ft3) (4ft) (1ft2 / 144 in2) = 1.733psi
The pressure of 750 mm Hg in kN/m2
A.90 B.100 C.103 D110
Solution:
P= 750 mm Hg (101.325 kPa/ 760 mm Hg)
= 99.99 kPa

201. A double purpose tank 18 ft wide, 24 ft long and 4 ft depth is filled with
water. What is the weight of water in the tank in long tons?
A.49tons B.48tons C.54tons D.50tons
Solution:
W = (62.4 lb/ft2) [(18) (24)(4)] ft3 = 107,827.2 lbf
= 107,827.2 lb (1ton/ 2200 lb) = 49tons

202. Oil flow through a 16 tubes on a single cooler with a velocity of 2 m/s, the
internal diameter of the tube is 30mm and oil density is 0.85gm/ml. Find the volume
flow in liters per sec.
A.22.62 B.32.22 C. 62.22 D.42.62
Solution:
Volume flow rate = (3.1416) (0.015)2 (2) (16) = 0.02262 m3/s or 22.62 liters/s

203. A substance temperature was 620OR. What is the temperature in OC?

A.50.7 B.45.54 C.71.11 D.94.44
Solution:
T, OC = [(620 – 460) – 32] (5/9) = 71.11
204. Unknown volume of container gas of gas of 1 atmosphere is allowed to expand to
another container of 10 m3 volume at 500 mm Hg at constant temperature. Find the
unknown volume.
A.6.58 m3 B.6.75 m3 C.5.67 m3 D.7.65 m3
Solution:
P1V1 – P2V2
(760) V1 = (500) (10)
V1= 6.58 m3

205. An iron block weighs 5 Newton and has volume of 200 cm3. What is the density of
the block?
A. 2458kg/m3 B. 2485 kg/m3 C. 2584 kg/m3 D. 2549
kg/m3
Solution:
Density = specific weight [at sea level or near the surface of the earth]
= (5N/200 cm) (10 cm3/m3) (1kg/9.8066N) = 2549.30 kg/m3

206. If air is at a pressure of 22.22 psia and at temperature of 800 OR, what is the
specific volume?
A.11.3 ft3/lbm B.33.1 ft3/lbm C.13.3 ft3/lbm D.31.3 ft3/lbm
Solution:
Pv = RT
v = (53.34) (800) / [(22.22) (144)] = 13.33 ft3/lbm

207. The specific gravity of mercury is 13.55. What is the specific weight of
mercury?
A.123.9 kN/m3 B.139.2 kN/m3 C.139.9 kN/m3 D.193.2 kN/m3
Solution:
? = (13.55) (9.8066) = 132.88 kN/m3

208. The equivalent weight of mass 10 kg at a location where the acceleration of

gravity is 9.77 m/sec2
A. 97.7N B.79.7N C.77.9N D.977N
Solution:
Weight = mg/k = [(10) (9.77)] /1 =97.7N

209. A transportation company specializes in the shipment of pressurized gaseous

materials. An order is received from 100 liters of a particular gas at STP (32OF and
1 atm). What minimum volume tank is necessary to transport the gas at 80OF and
maximum pressure of 8 atm?
A.16 liters B.14 liters C.10 liters D.12 liters
Solution:
P1V1/ T1 = P2V2/ T2
[(1) (100)/ (32 + 460)] / [(8) (V2)/ (80 + 460)
V2 = 13.72 liters

210. 100 g of water are mixed with 150 g of alcohol (density = 790 kg/m3). What is
the specific volume of the resulting mixtures, assuming that the fluids mixed
completely?
A.0.82x10-3 cu.m/kg B.0.88x10-3 cu.m/kg C.0.63x10-3 cu.m/kg
D.1.16x10-3 cu.m/kg
Solution:
Mass of mixtures = 100 + 150 =250 g
Volume of mixture = [(0.100) / (1000)] + [(0.150)/ (790)] = 0.00029 m3
Specific volume of mixture = (0.00029)/ (0.250) = 1.16x10-3 cu.m/kg
How much does 30 lbm weigh on the moon? (gmoon = 5.47 ft/s2
A.20 lbr B.3.2 lbr C.3.4 lbr
D.5.096 lbr
Solution:
Weight = mg/k = {[(30) (5.42)]/32.174} = 5.1 lbf

211. A 10 kg block is raised vertically 3 meters. What is the change in potential

energy?
 A.320 J B.350 kg-m2/s2 C.294 J
D.350 N-m
Solution:
PE = mgs/k = {[(10) (9.8066) (3)]/1} = 294.2 J

212. How many cubic meters is 100 gallons of liquid?

A.3.7850 cu.m B.0.1638 cu.m C.0.3785 cu.m D.1.638 cu.m
Solution:
100gal (785 liters/gal) (1m3/1000 liters) = 0.3785 m3

213. Steam turbine is receiving 1014 lbm/hr of steam, determine the horsepower
output of the turbine if the work done by steam is 251 Btu/lbm
A.100 hp B.462.7 hp C.200 hp D.6002.7 hp
Solution:
W= (251 Btu/lbm) (1014 lbm/hr) 1hp/2545 Btu/hr) = 100 hp
214. What is the resulting pressure when one pound of air at 15 psia and 200OF is
heated at constant volume to 800OF?
A.52.1 psia B.15 psia C.28.6 psia D.36.4 psia
Solution:
P1/T1 = P2/T2
P2 = [(800+460) / (200+460)] (15) = 28.64 psia

215. A bicycle tire has a volume of 600 cm3. It is inflated with carbon dioxide to
pressure of 551.43kPa at 20OC. How many grams of CO2 are contained in the tire? Rcoz
= 0.18896 kJ/kg.K
A.5.98 g B.6.43 g C.4.63 g D.3.83 g
Solution:
m = rv/RT = [(551.43) (600)/ (102)] / [(0.18896) (20+273)] = 0.00598 kg or
5.98 g

216. A reversed Carnot cycle has a refrigerating COP of 2.5. Determine the ratio
TH/TL?
A.1.4 B.1.5 C.1.25 D.1.2
Solution:
COP= TH/ (TH-TL)
1/COP = (TH-TL)/TL= TH/TL-1
TH/TL =1 + 1/COP =1 +1/2.5 =1.4
PROBLEMS PART II:

1. Determine the atmospheric pressure at a location where barometric reading is 740

mm Hg and gravitational acceleration is g = 9.7 m/s2. Assume the temperature of
mercury to be 10°C, at which the density is 13,570 kg/m3.
Solution:
P = (wg)h = (13,570 x 9.7)(9.74) (1Kpa/1000 N/m2) = ___________ANS.

2. The barometer of a mountain hiker reads 930 mbars at the beginning of a hiking
trip and 780 mbars at the end. Neglecting the effect of altitude on local
gravitational acceleration, determine the vertical distance climb. Assume g = 9.7
m/s2.
Solution:
P1 – P2 = w h
(0.93 – 0.78)(100 kpa/bar) = (1.2 x 0.00981) h
h = 1274.21 m
h = 1274.21 (9.81/9.7) = ___________ANS.

3. The lower half of a 10 m high cylindrical container is filled with water and the
upper half with oil that has SG = 8.85. Determine the pressure difference between
the top and bottom of the cylinder.
Solution:
ΔP = Pw + Po = 9.81(5) + (0.85 x 9.81)(15) = ________ANS.

4. An ideal gas at 0.80 atmospheres and 87°C occupies 0.450 liter. How many moles
are in the sample? (R = 0.0821 liter-atm/mole – K)
Solution:
PV = nRT
𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟−𝑎𝑡𝑚
(0.80 atm)(0.450 li) = n (0.0821 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒−𝑘 )(87+273) K
n = ___________ANS.

5. A certain gas at 101.325 Kpa and 10°C whose volume is 2.83 m3 are compressed into
a storage vessel of 0.31 m3 capacity. Before admission, the storage vessel contained
the gas at a pressure and temperature of 173.8 Kpa and 26°C, after admission the
pressure has increased to 1171.8 Kpa. What should be the final temperature of the
gas in the vessel in Kelvin?
Solution:
Solving for the mass of gas which is to be compressed:
PV = mRT
101.325(2.83) = m1R(10 + 273)
m1 = 1.01325/R
Solving for the mass of gas initially contained in the vessel:
PV = mRT
137.8(0.31) = m2R(26 + 273)
m2 = 0.14286/R
Solving for the final temperature:
m3 = m1 + m2
m3 = 1.01325/R + 0.14286/R = 1.156/R
1171.8(0.31) = (1.156/R)RT3
T3 = ____________ANS.

6. A perfect gas has a value of R = 58.8 ft-lb/lb-R and k = 1.23. if 20 Btu are
added to 10 lbs of this gas at constant volume when initial temperature is 90°F,
find the final temperature.
Solution
Q = m cv (t2 – t1)
58.8
cv = R / (k -1) = (1.26−1)778 = 0.29086 Btu/lb-F
20 = 10(0.29086)(t2 – 90)
t2 = ___________ANS.

7. Ammonia weighing 22kgs is confirmed inside a cylinder equipped with a piston has
an initial pressure of 413KPa at 38°C. If 3200KJ of heat is added to the ammonia until
its final pressure and temperature are 413KPa and 100oC respectively, what is the
amount of work done by the fluid in KJ?
 SOLUTION
Since the molecular weight of ammonia is 17. Then
R = 8.3143/M = 8.3143/17 = 0.489 KJ/kgoK
P1V1 = mRT1
413V1 = 22(0.489)(38 + 273)
V1 = 8.101 m3
P2V2 = mRT2
413V2 = 22(0.489)(100 + 273)
V2 = 9.716 m3
W = P(V1-V2) = 413(9.716 – 8.101) = ANS.

8. A tank contains 90ft3 of air at a pressure of 350 psig; if the air is cooled until
its pressure and temperature decreases to 200 psig and 70oF respectively. What is the
decrease in internal energy?
SOLUTION
m = PV/RT = (200 + 14.7)(90)(144)/(53.342)(70 + 460) = 98.50 lbs
for constant volume process:
P1/T1 = P2/T2
T2 = 70 + 460 = 530oR
(350+14.7) (200+14.7)
= 530
1T
T1 = 900oR
ΔU = mcv(T2 – T1) = 98.50(0.171)(530 – 900) = ANS.

9. A large mining company was provided with a 3m3 of compressed air tank. Air pressure
in the tank drops from 700KPa while the temperature remains constant at 28oC. What
percentage has the mass of air in the tank been reduced?
SOLUTION
Percent mass reduced = (700 – 150)/700 = ANS.

10. A 4m3/hr pump delivers water to a pressure tank. At the start, the gauge reads
138KPa until it reads 276KPa and then the pump was shut off. The volume of the tank
is 180liters. At 276KPa the water occupied 2/3 of the tank volume. Determine the
volume of the water that can be taken out until the gauge reads 138KPa.
SOLUTION
Consider the air pressure:
V2 = 1/3 (180) = 60liters
P1V1 = P2V2
(138 + 101.325)(V1) = (276 + 101.325)(60)
V1 = 94.59 liters
Amount of water to be removed = 2/3 (180) – (180 – 94.59) = ANS.

11. A refrigeration plant is rated at 15tons capacity. How many pounds of air per
hour will it cool from 70 to 90oF at constant pressure.
SOLUTION
Tons of refrigeration = mcp(t2 – t1)/12000
m(0.24)(90 − 70)
15 =
12000
m = ANS.

12. An air standard engine has a compression ratio of 18 and a cut – off ratio of 4.
If the intake pressure and temperature are 100KPa and 27oC, find the work in KJ per
kg.
SOLUTION
1 rkc − 1 1 41.4 − 1
e = 1 – k-1 { }=1− [ ] = 55.31%
rk k(rc − 1) 181.4−1 1.4(4 − 1)
T1 = 27 + 273 = 300oK
Process 1 to 2 is isentropic procees:
T2 = T1(V1/V2)k-1 = 300(18)1.4-1 = 953.301oK
Process 2 to 3 is constant pressure process:
T3/T2 = V2/V3 = rc
T3 = 953.301 (4) = 3813.205oK
QA = mcp(T3 – T2) = 1(3813.205 -953.301) = 2860 KJ/kg
W = (.5531)(2860) = ANS.
13. Determine the air – standard efficiency of an engine operating on the diesel
cycle with clearance of 6% when the suction pressure is 99.97KPa and the fuel injected
for 7% of the stroke. Assume k = 1.4.
SOLUTION
V3 – V2 = 0.07VD
V2 = 0.06VD
V3 - 0.06VD = 0.07VD
V3 = 0.13VD
rc = V3/ V2 = 0.13VD/0.06VD = 2.167
rk = (1 + 0.06)/0.06 = 17.667
1 2.1671.4 − 1
e = 1 − [ ] = ANS.
17.6671.4 − 1 1.4(2.167−1)

14. Steam at 2MPa and 250oC in a rigid cylinder is cooled until the quality is 30%.
Find the heat rejected from the cylinder.
At 2MPa and 250oC: v = 0.11144m3/kg u = 2679.6 KJ/kg
At 2MPa, (saturated): vf = 0.0011767m3/kg, vg = 0.09963m3/kg uf = 906.44 KJ/kg,
ufg = 1693.8KJ/kg
SOLUTION
Q = U2 – U1
U1 = 2679.6 KJ/kg
U2 = Uf + xUfg = 906.44 + 0.30(1693.8) = 1414.58 KJ/kg
Q = 1414.58 – 2679.6 = ANS.

15. At 1.3MPa, mixture steam and water has an entropy of 3KJ/kg - oK. Find the enthalpy
of the mixture.
At 1.3MPa: sf = 2.2515, sg = 6.4953, hf = 814.93, hfg = 1972.7
SOLUTION
s = sf + xsfg
3 = 2.2515 + x(6.4953)
x = 0.17614
h = hf + xhfg = 814.93 + 0.17614(1972.7) = ANS.

16. Mixture with 70% quality at 500KPa is heated isothermally until its pressure is
300KPa. Find the heat added during the process.
At 500KPa: sf = 1.8607, sfg = 4.9606
At 300KPa and 151.86oC s = 7.088 KJ/kg
SOLUTION
s1 = sf + xsfg = 1.8607 + 0.70(4.9606) = 5.333 KJ/kg
s2 = 7.088 KJ/kg
Q = T(s2 - s1) = (151.86 + 273)(7.088 – 5.333) = ANS.

17. A tank contains exactly one kilogram of water consisting of liquid and vapor
equilibrium at 1MPa. If the liquid contains one – third and the remaining is vapor
of the volume of the tank, what is the enthalpy of the contents of the tank?
At 1MPa: vf = 0.0011273 vfg = 0.19444
hf = 762.81 hfg = 2015.3
SOLUTION
Let V = total volume of the tank
T2 = T1(V1/V2)k-1 = 300(18)1.4 – 1 = 953.301oK
Process 2 to 3 is constant process:
T3 V3
=
T2 V2
T3 = 953.301(4) = 3813.205oK
QA = mcp(T3 – T2) = 1(3813.205 - 953.301) = 2850 KJ/kg
W = (0.5531)( 2850) = ANS.

18. A steam at 2MPa and 250oC in a right rigid cylinder is cooled until the quality
is 30%. Find the heat rejected from the cylinder.
At 2MPa and 250oC: v = 0.11144 m3/kg u = 2679.6 KJ/kg
At 2MPa, (saturated): vf = 0.0011767 m3/kg, vg = 0.09963 m3/kg
uf = 906.44 KJ/kg ufg = 1693.8 KJ/kg
SOLUTION
Q = (u2 – u1)
u1 = 2679.6KJ/kg
 u2 = uf + x ufg = 906.44 + 0.3(1693.8) = 1414.58KJ/kg
Q = (1414.58 – 2679.6) = ANS

19. Water substance at 70 bar and 65oC enters a boiler tube of constant inside diameter
of 35mm. The water leaves the boiler tube at 50 bar and 700oK at velocity of 100m/s.
Calculate the inlet volume flow(li/sec).
SOLUTION
From steam tables:
At 70bar(7MPa) and 65oC
v1 = 0.001017m3/kg
at 50bar(5MPa) and 700oK(427oC)
v2 = 0.06081m3/kg
m1 = m2
Q1/ v1 = Q2/ v2
𝐴𝑥𝑉1 𝐴(100)
=
0.001017 0.06081
V1 = 1.672m/sec
Q1 = A x v = (π/4)(0.035)2(1.672) = ANS.

20. Steam leaves an industrial boiler at 827.4KPa and 171.6oC. A portion of the steam
is passed through a throttling calorimeter and is exhausted to the atmosphere when
the calorimeter pressure is 101.4KPa. How much moisture does the steam leaving the
boiler contain if the temperature of the steam at the calorimeter is 115.6oC?
At 827KPa(171.6oC):hf = 727.25 KJ/kg, hfg = 2043.2 KJ/kg
From table 3: At 101.4KPa and 115.6oC: h2 = 2707.6 KJ/kg
SOLUTION
Let x = quality of steam entering the throttling calorimeter
h1 = h2
hfg + xhfg = h2
727.25 + x(2043.2) = 2707.6
x = 0.9692; y = 1 - 0.9692 = ANS.

21. A throttling calorimeter is connected to the desuperheated steam line supplying

steam to the auxiliary feed pump on a ship. The line pressure measures 2.5MPa. The
calorimeter pressure is 110KPa and 150oC. Determine the entropy of the steam line.
At 110KPa and 150.C: h2 = 2775.6KJ.kg
At 2.5MPa: hf = 962.11KJ/kg, hfg = 1841 KJ/kg, sf = 2.5547, sfg = 3.7028
SOLUTION
For throttling process: (h1 = h2)
h1 = h2 = hf + x hfg
2775.6 = 962.11 + x(1841)
x = 98.5%
s1 = sf + x sfg = 2.5447 + 0.985(3.7028) = ANS.

22. Atmospheric pressure boils at 212oF. At the vacuum pressure at 24 in Hg, the
temperature is 142oF. Find the boiling temperature when the pressure is increased by
40psia from the atmospheric.
SOLUTION
P2 = 14.7 + 40 = 54.7 psia
P1 = -24(14.7/29.92) + 14.7 = 2.908 psia
By interpolation:
𝑡2 − 212 54.7 − 14.7
=
𝑡2 − 142 54.7 − 2.908
t2 = ANS.

23. A certain coal has the following ultimate analysis:

C = 69% N2 = 5% H2 = 2.5% S = 7%
Determine the amount of oxygen of the heating value of fuel is 26 961.45 KJ/kg.
SOLUTION
𝑂
Qh = 33 820C + 144 212 (H - 8 ) + 9304S
26961.45 = 33820(.69) + 144212 (0.025 – O/8) + 9304(0.07)
O = ANS.
24. A diesel engine consumed 945 liters of fuel per day at 35oC. If the fuel was
purchased at 15.5oC and 30oAPI at P29.00/li, determine the cost of fuel to operate
the engine per day.
SOLUTION
141.5
𝑆𝐺15.6𝑜𝐶 = 131.5+30 = 0.87616
𝑆𝐺30𝑜 𝐶 = 0.87616[1 − 0.0007(30 − 15.6)] = 0.8673
𝑉30𝑜 𝐶 𝑆𝐺15.6𝑜 𝐶
=
𝑉15.6 𝐶
𝑜 𝑆𝐺30𝑜𝐶
945 0.87616
=
𝑉15.6𝑜 𝐶 0.8673
𝑉15.6𝑜 𝐶 = 935.44 𝑙𝑖
Cost = P29.00/li(935.44li) = ANS.

25. A cylindrical tank 4m long and 3m diameter is used for oil storage. How many days
can the tank supply the engine having 27oAPI with fuel consumption of 60kg.hr?
SOLUTION
V = π/4 D2 h = π/4 (3)2(4) = 28.274 m3
141.5
𝑆𝐺15.6𝑜𝐶 = = 0.8927
131.5 + 27
Density of fuel = 0.89274(1000kg/m3) = 892.74kg/m3
w = m/V
V = 60/892.74 = 0.0672 m3/hr
Number of days = 28.274/0.0672 = 420.75hrs = ANS.

26. A logging firm in Isabella operates a Diesel Electric Plant to supply its electric
energy requirements. During a 24 period, the plant consumed 250 gallons of fuel at
80oF and produced 2900KW-hrs. Industrial fuel used is 30oAPI and was purchased at
P30.00/li at 60oF. Determine the overall thermal efficiency of the plant.
SOLUTION
Qh = 41130 + 139.6xoAPI = 41130 + 139.6(30) = 45318 KJ/kg
60oF = 15.6oC
80oF = 26.6oC
141.5
𝑆𝐺15.6𝑜𝐶 = = 0.876
131.5 + 30
𝑆𝐺26.6𝑜𝐶 = 0.876[1 − 0.0007(26.67 − 15.56)] = 0.869
At 26.6oC
mf = 250gal/24hrs x 3.785li/gal x 0.869kg/li x 1hr/3600sec
mf = 0.00952 kg/sec
load = 2900/24 = 120.833KW
𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 120.833
overall efficiency = = 0.00952(45318) = ANS.
f h m Q

27. The dry exhaust gas from oil engine has the following gravimetric analysis:
CO2 = 21.6% O2 = 4.2% N2 = 74.2%
Specific heats at constant pressure for each component of the exhaust gas in Kcal/kgoC
are:
CO2 = 0.203 O2 = 0.219 N2 = 0.248
Calculate the specific gravity if the molecular weight of air is 28.97 kg/kg-mol.
SOULTION
Converting the gravimetric analysis to volumetric:
CO2 = 0.219/44 = 0.004909
O2 of nitrogen in lb/= 0.042/32 = 0.001312
N2 = 0.742/28 = 0.026500
0.032721 mols/kg-mol
Molecular weight = 1/0.032721 = 30.56kg/kg-mol
SG = 30.56/28.97 = ANS.

28. A bituminous coal has the following composition:

C = 71.5% H = 5.0% O = 7.0% N = 1.3% S = 3% Ash = 7.6%
W = 3.4%
Determine the theoretical weight of nitrogen in lb/lb of coal.
SOLUTION
Theo. A/F = 11.5C + 34.5(H – O/8) + 4.3S
= 11.5(0.715) + 34.5 (0.05 – 0.07/8) + 4.3(0.03)
 = 9.8 lb air / lb coal
N2 in air by weight = 76.8%
Therefore:
Theoretical weight of N2 = 0.768(9.8) = ANS.

29. A gaseous fuel mixture has a molal analysis:

H2 = 14% CH4 = 3% CO = 27%
O2 = 0.6% CO2 = 4.5% N2 = 50.9%
Determine the air fuel ratio for complete combustion of molal basis.
SOLUTION
Chemical reaction with oxygen:
0.14H2 + 0.070O2 = 0.14H2O
0.03CH4 + 0.060O2 = 0.03CO2 + 0.06H2O
0.27Co + 0.135O2 = 0.27CO2
0.265O2
Actual O2 in product = 0.265 O2 – 0.006 O2 = 0.259 O2
Molal A/F = 0.259 + 0.259(3.76) = ANS.

30. A volumetric analysis of a gas mixture is as follows:

CO2: 12% N2: 80%
O2: 4% CO: 4%
What is the percentage of CO2 on a mass basis?
SOLUTION
Converting to mass basis:
CO2 = 0.12 x 44 = 5.28
O2 = 0.014x32 = 1.28
N2 = 0.82x28 = 22.96
CO = 0.02x28 = 0.56
Total mass of product = 5.28 + 1.28 + 22.96 + 0.56 = 30.08 kg
% mass of CO2 = 5.28/30.08 = ANS.

31. The following coal has the following ultimate analysis by weight:
C = 70.5% H2 = 4.5% O2 = 6.0% N2 = 1.0%
S = 3.0% ash = 11% moisture = 4%

32. A stocker fired boiler of 195000kg/hr steaming capacity uses this coal as fuel.
Calculate volume of air in m3/kg with air at 60oF and 14.7 psia pressure of boiler
efficiency is 70% and FE = 1.10.
SOLUTION

Theo. A/F = 11.5C + 34.5(H – O/8) + 4.3S

= 11.5(0.705) + 34.5(0.045 – 0.06/8) + 4.3(0.03)

= 9.53

Actual A/F = 9.53(1.3) = 12.389 kg air/kg fuel

ℎ𝑠 − ℎ𝑓
𝐹𝐸 =
2257

ℎ𝑠 − ℎ𝑓 = 2257 𝑥 𝐹𝐸 = 2257 𝑥 1.1

𝑂
𝑄ℎ = 33820𝐶 + 144212 (𝐻 − ) + 9304𝑆
8

0.06 𝐾𝐽
𝑄ℎ = 33820(0.705) + 144212 (0.045 − ) + 9304(0.03) = 29930
8 𝑘𝑔

𝑚𝑠 (ℎ𝑠 − ℎ𝑓 )
𝑛𝑏 =
𝑚𝑓 𝑄ℎ

195000(1.1𝑥2257)
0.70 = ; mf = 23107.56 (12.389) = 286279.57 kg/hr
𝑚𝑓(29930)
 𝑃𝑉 = 𝑚𝑅𝑇

101.325(V) = 286279.57(0.287)(15.6 + 273)

V = ANS.

33. 23.5 kg of steam per second at 5MPa and 400oC is produced by a steam generator.
The feedwater enters the economizer at 145oC and leaves at 205oC. The steam leaves
the boiler drum with a quality of 98%. The unit consumes 3kg of coal per second as
received having a heating value of 25102 KJ/kg. What would be the overall efficiency
of the unit in percent?

Steam properties:

At 5MPa and 400oC: h = 3195.7KJ/kg At 5MPa: hf = 1154.23, hg =1640.1

At 205oC: hf = 875.04 At 145oC: hf = 610.63

SOLUTION

𝑚𝑠 (ℎ𝑠 − ℎ𝑓) 23.5(3195.7−610.63)

𝑛𝑏 = 𝑚𝑓𝑄ℎ
= 3(25102)
= ANS.

34. In a Rankine cycle steam enters the turbine at 2.5MPa (enthalpies and entropies
given) and condenser of 50KPa (properties given), what is the thermal efficiency of
the cycle?

At 2.5MPa: hg = 2803.1 sg = 6.2575

At 50KPa: sf = 1.0910 sfg = 6.5029 hf = 340.49 hfg = 2305.4 vf = 0.0010300

SOLUTION

h1 = 2803.1 KJ/kg

solving for h2:

s = sf + xsfg

6.2575 = 1.0910 + x(6.5029)

x = 0.7945

h2 = hf + xhfg = 340.49 + 0.7945(2305.4) = 2172.13 KJ/kg

h3 = 340.49 KJ/kg

h4 = hf + vf (P2 – P1) = 340.49 + 0.00103(2500 - 50) = 342.98 KJ/kg

(ℎ1 − ℎ2 ) − (ℎ4 − ℎ3 ) (2803.1 − 2172.11) − (342.98 − 340.49)

𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 = =
ℎ1 − ℎ4 2803.1 − 342.98

Efficiency = ANS.

38. A total head of fan is 187 m and has a static pressure of 210 mm of water gage,
what is the velocity of air flowing if density of air is 1.15 kg/m3?
SOLUTION:
hs = 0.21(1000-1.15) = 182.61 m
h = hs + hv
187 = 182.61 + hv
hv = 4.39 m
4.39 = v2 /2(9.81)
v = _________ANS.

39. A rigid container is closed at one end and measures 8 in diameter by 12 in

long. The container is held vertically and is slowly moved downward until the
pressure in the container is 17 psia. What will be the depth of the top of the
container from the free water surface?
SOLUTION:
Patm = Pgage + Patm
17 = Pgage + 14.7
Pgage = 2.30 psi
Pgage = w h
2.30(144) = 62.4 (h)
h = 5.3077ft x 12 =__________ans.

40. In an ideal Otto cycle, air is compressed from 1.20 kg/m3 and 2.2 L to 0.26 L
and the net work output of the cycle is 440 KJ/kg. The mean effective pressure for
the cycle is:
Solution:
VD = V2 – V1 = 2.2 x 10-3 m3 – 0.26 x 10-3 m3 = 1.94 x 10-3 m3
W = 440 KJ/kg (1.2 kg/m3 x 2.2 x 10-3 m3) = 1.1616 KJ
Pm = W/VD = 1.1616 / 1.94 x 10-3 = _____________ANS.
PROBLEMS PART III:

1. A 15 in. diameter fan operates at 1600 rpm and develops a head of 6 in. of water
and delivers 120 cfm. What volumetric capacity for geometrically similar fan that
will develop 6 in. of water at 1300 rpm?
A. 147.70 cfm
B. 181.8 cfm
C. 97.5 cmf
D. 79.2 cfm

Answer: B

2. A radial-flow pump operating at maximum efficiency at a specific speed of 2500

is to deliver 260 gpm against a heat of 129 ft at a rotative speed of 2100 rpm.
Find the required number of stager (i.e., impellers)
A. 2 stages
B. 3 stages
C. 4 stages
D. 5 stages

Answer: C

3. How many identical turbines, operating at 139.0 rpm at 191% efficiency (specific
speed = 5.4), are needed to exploit a head of 1200 ft and a flow of 1660 ft/s.
A. 2 turbines
B. 3 turbines
C. 4 turbines
D. 5 turbines

Answer: B

4. How many poles a should a 60-Hz generator have, if it is connected to a turbine

operating under a design head of 3000ft with a flow of 82 cfs? Assume turbine
specific speed and efficiency 3 and 84 percent respectively.
A. 10-pole
B. 12-pole
C. 14-pole
D. 16-pole

Answer: D

5. It is proposed to build a dam in a river where the flow rate is 10 m3/s and a 32m
drop in elevation can be achieved for flow through a turbine. If the turbine is 82
percent efficient, what maximum power that can be achieved? Specific gravity of
river water is 0.998
A. 2570 kW
B. 3133 kW
C. 3820 kW
D. 262 kW

Answer: A

6. What type of turbine delivers 25,000 bhp at 500 rpm under a net head of 5350 ft
A. Impulse turbine
B. Francis turbine
C. Kaplan turbine
D. Propeller

Answer: A
7. 26-Hp pump delivers 475 gpm of gasoline (γ=42.5 lb/ft3) at 200C with 78%
efficiency. What pressure rise result across the pump?
A. 30.2 psi
B. 32.7 psi
C. 120.3 psi
D. 73.2 psi

Answer: D

8. A model pump delivering water at 1800F (γ=60.6 lb/ft3 ; ρ=7.54 psia) at 900 gpm
and 2500 rpm begins to cavitate when the inlet pressure and velocity are 13 psia
and 22 fps. Find the required NPSH of a prototype which is 4 times larger and runs
at 1100 rpm.
A. 63.5 ft
B. 20.49 ft
C. 6.61 ft
D. 36 ft

Answer: A

9. The diameter of the discharge pipe is 8 in and that of the intake pipe is 10 in.
the pressure gage at discharge reads 32 psi, and vacuum gage at the intake reads 12
in Hg. If the discharge flow rate = 4.0 ft3/s of water and the brake horse power is
49.0, find the efficiency. The intake and the discharge are at the same elevation.
A. 82.1 %
B. 80.9 %
C. 55.8 %
D. 58.46 %

Answer: A

10. A piston positive-displacement pump (PDP) has 6-in diameter and a 2.5 in
stroke. Its crankshaft rotates at 300 rpm. Calculate its output at 94 percent
volumetric efficiency.
A. 12.27 cfm
B. 13.5 cfm
C. 10 cfm
D. 11.53 cfm

Answer: D

11. A centrifugal pump (efficiency 88%) lifts water through a total height of 40m
from reservoir to discharge. Pumping is through 300 m of 75 mm diameter pipe at the
rate of 20 liters/sec. if pipe friction factor, f=0.025, what horsepower is
required?
A. 28.4 kW
B. 32.2 kW
C. 25 kW
D. 9 kW

Answer: B

12. In order to predict the behavior of a small oil pump, test are to be made on a
model using air, the oil pump is to be driven by a 1/20-hp motor a t 1800 rpm and
¼-hp motor is available to drive the air pump at 600 rpm. Using specific gravity of
oil at 0.912 and density of air constant at 0.076 lb/ft3, what size model should be
built?
A. The model should be 2 times as large as the oil pump
B. The model should be 5 times as large as the oil pump
C. The model should be 8 times as large as the oil pump
D. The model should be 10 times as large as the oil pump
Answer: D

13. A double-overhung impulse-turbine installation is to develop 20,000 hp at 275

rpm under a net head of 11,000 ft. determine the specific speed.
A. 4.34
B. 6.14
C. 203.61
D. 144

Answer: A

14. An impulse wheel at best produces 125 hp under a head of 210 ft. by what
percent should the speed be increased for a 290-ft head?
A. 82.5 %
B. 17.5 %
C. 72.41 %
D. 71.59 %

Answer: B

15. What is the power ratio of a pump and its 1/5 scale model if the ratio of head
is 4 to 1?
A. 20
B. 200
C. 12.5
D. 125

Answer: B

16. The speed of a centrifugal pump is doubled. By what factor does the pump head
change?
A. 0.125
B. 0.25
C. 4
D. 8

Answer: C

17. A 650 BHP diesel engine uses fuel oil of 280API gravity, fuel consumption is
0.65 lb/BHP-hr. Cost of fuel is P 7.95 per liter. For continuous operation,
determine the minimum volume of cubical day tank in cm3, ambient temperature is
450C.
A. 4,372,890 cm3
B. 5,987,909 cm3
C. 5,291,880 cm3
D. 7,352,789 cm3

Answer: C

18. A typical industrial fuel oil, C16H32 with 20% excess air by weight. Assuming
complete oxidation of the fuel, calculate the actual air-fuel ratio by weight.
A. 17.56 kgair/kgfuel
B. 15.76 kgair/kgfuel
C. 16.75 kgair/kgfuel
D. 17.65 kgair/kgfuel

Answer: D

19. Fuel oil in a day tank for use of an industrial boiler is tested with
hydrometer. The hydrometer reading indicates a S.G. = 0.924 when the temperature of
the oil in the tank is 350C. Calculate the higher heating value of the fuel.
A. 43,852.13 kJ/kg
 B. 53,853.13 kJ/kg
C. 58,352.13 kJ/kg
D. 48,352.13 kJ/kg

Answer: A

20. A diesel electric plant supplies energy for Meralco. During a 24 hr period, the
plant consumed at 700 gallons of fuel at 280C and produce 3930 kW-hr. industrial
fuel used is 280API and was purchased at P 5.50 per liter at 15.60C. What should the
cost of fuel be produce one kW-hr?
A. 1.05
B. 1.10
C. 1.069
D. 1.00

Answer: A

21. A certain coal has the following ultimate analysis:

C = 70.5% H = 4.5% O2 = 6% N2 = 1.0%
S = 3.0 % Ash = 11% Moisture = 4%
A stoker fired boiler of 175,000 kg/hr steaming capacity uses this coal as fuel.
Calculate the volume of air in m3/hr with air at 600F (15.60F) and 14.7 psia
(101.325 kPa) the coal is burned with 30% excess air. Boiler efficiency of 70% and
factor of evaporation of 1.10.
A. 212,861.04 m3/hr
B. 221,861.04 m3/hr
C. 218,261.04 m3/hr
D. 281,261.04 m3/hr

Answer: A

22. A diesel power plant consumed 1m3 of fuel with 300API at 270C in 24 hrs.
Calculate the fuel rate in kg/hr.
A. 36.21
B. 26.25
C. 29.34
D. 39.42

Answer: A

23. A diesel power plant uses fuel with heating value of 43,000 kJ/kg. What is the
density of the fuel at 250C?
A. 840 kg/m3
B. 873 kg/m3
C. 970 kg/m3
D. 940 kg/m3

Answer: C

24. A water tube boiler has a capacity of 1000 kg/hr of steam. The factor of
evaporation is 1.3, boiler rating is 200%, boiler efficiency is 65%, heating
surface area is 0.91 m2 per bo. HP, and the heating value of fuel is 18,400
kCal/kg. the total coal available in the bunker is 50,000 kg. Determine the no. of
hrs to consume the available fuel.
A. 853.36 hrs
B. 706.57 hrs
C. 979.46 hrs
D. 100.75 hrs

Answer: A
25. Two boilers are operating steadily on 91,000 kg of coal contained in a bunker.
One boiler is producing 1591 kg of steam per hour at 1.2 factor of evaporation and
an efficiency of 65% and another boiler produce 136 kg of steam per hour at 1.15
factor of evaporation and an efficiency of 60%. How many hrs will the coal in the
bunker run the boilers If the heating value of coal is 7,590 kCal/kg?
A. 230.80 hrs
B. 280.54 hrs
C. 350.35 hrs
D. 300.54 hrs

Answer: A

26. The heating value of fuel supplied in a boiler is 40,000 kJ/kg. If the factor
of evaporation is 1.10 and the actual specific evaporation is 10. What is the
efficiency of the boiler?
A. 62.07 %
B. 53.08 %
C. 78.05 %
D. 54.97 %

Answer: A

27. What is the rate of evaporation of a water tube boiler if the factor of
evaporation is 1.10 percent rating of 200% and the heating surface area is 250 m2?
A. 7,817.16 kg/hr
B. 7,898.67 kg/hr
C. 6,789.45 kg/hr
D. 5,768.54 kg/hr

Answer: A

28. Steam is admitted to the cylinder of an engine in such manner the average
pressure is 120 psi. The diameter of the piston is 10 in. and the length of stroke
is 12 in. What is the Hp of the engine when it is making 300 rpm?
A. 171.4 Hp
B. 175 Hp
C. 173.2 Hp
D. 174 Hp

Answer: A

29. Steam enters a turbine stage with an enthalpy of 3628 kJ/kg at 70 m/s and
leaves the same stage with an enthalpy of 2846 kJ/kg and a velocity of 124 m/s.
Calculate the power if there are 5 kg/s steam admitted and the turbine throttle?
A. 4597.45 kW
B. 3976.55 kW
C. 3883.81 kW
D. 1675.42 Kw

Answer: C

30. Compute the specific volume of an air-vapor mixture in cubic meters per
kilogram of dry air when the following conditions prevail: t = 400C, w = 0.015
kg/kg, and Pt = 100 kPa.
A. 0.99 m3/kg
B. 0.89 m3/kg
C. 0.79 m3/kg
D. 0.69 m3/kg

Answer: A
31. A coil has an inlet temperature of 700F and outlet of 800F. if the mean
temperature of the coil is 1300F, find the bypass factor of the coil.
A. 0.28
B. 1.20
C. 0.82
D. 0.83

32. Compute the pressure drop of 350C al flowing a mean velocity of 5 m/s in a
circular sheet-metal duct 400mm in diameter and 25m long. Use a friction factor, f
= 0.04, and ρair = 1.3799 kg/m3.
A. 431.22 Pa
B. 221.34 Pa
C. 312.24 Pa
D. 422.31 Pa

Answer: A

33. A 1.5 kg of wet stream at a pressure of 5 bar (h = 640 kJ/kg, h = 2109 kJ/kg)
dryness 0.95 is blown into 70 liters of water of 120C (h = 50.4 kJ/kg). Find the
final enthalpy of the mixture.
A. 74.80 kJ/kg
B. 84.80 kJ/kg
C. 94.80 kJ/kg
D. 104.80 kJ/kg

Answer: D

34. The absolute pressure at the bottom of a vertical column of water is 15.5 psia.
What is the height of this column?
A. 22 in
B. 9.2 in
C. 12 in
D. 9.8

Answer: A

35. Water temperature rise of 180F in the water cooled condenser is equivalent in 0C

to
A. 7.78 0C
B. 10 0C
C. 263.56 0C
D. -9.44 0C

Answer: B

36. An oil storage tank contains oil with specific gravity of 0.88 and depth of 20
meters. What is the hydrostatic pressure at the bottom of the tank in kg/cm2?
A. 1.67
B. 1.76
C. 1.56
D. 1.87

Answer: B

37. A vertical column of water will be supported to what height by standard

atmospheric pressure?
A. 34 ft
B. 36 ft
C. 24 ft
D. 26 ft
Answer: A

38. The specific weight of liquid is 60 lb/ft3 what is the equivalent to kN/m3
A. 9.334
B. 9.249
C. 9.643
D. 9.420

Answer: D

39. A cylinder weighs 15 lbf. Its cross sectional area is 40 square inches. When
the cylinder stands vertically on one end, what pressure does the cylinder exert on
the floor?
A. 14.1 kPa
B. 58.2 kPa
C. 0.258 kPa
D. 0.141 kPa

Answer: C

40. What is the absolute pressure exerted on the surface of a submarine cruising
300 ft below the free surface of the sea? Assume specific gravity of sea water is
1.03
A. 133.9 psia
B. 148.6 psia
C. 100.7 psia
D. 103.7 psia

Answer: B

41. Air enters a nozzle steadily at 2.21 kg/m3 and 30 m/s. what is the mass flow
rate through the nozzle if the inlet area of the nozzle is 80 cm2
A. 0.35 kg/s
B. 3.5 kg/s
C. 5.3 kg/s
D. 0.53 kg/s

Answer: D

42. The work required to accelerate an 800-kg car from rest to 100 km/hr on a level
road:
A. 308.6 kJ
B. 806.3 kJ
C. 608.3 kJ
D. 386 kJ

Answer: A

43. Assuming that there are no heat effects and no friction effects, find the speed
of a 3220-lbm body after it falls 778 ft from rest.
A. 422 ft/sec
B. 424 ft/sec
C. 224 ft/sec
D. 424 ft/sec

Answer: C

44. What is the flow rate through a pipe 4 inches in diameter carrying water at a
velocity of 11ft/sec?
A. 430.84 gpm
B. 7.18 gpm
C. 340.28 gpm
 D. 39.16 gpm

Answer: A

45. The specific weight of a liquid is 58.5 lbf per cubic foot, what is the specific
volume of the liquid cm3/g?
A. 0.5321 cm3/g
B. 0.6748 cm3/g
C. 0.9504 cm3/g
D. 1.0675 cm3/g

Answer: D

46. What is the resulting pressure when one pound of air at 0.3 psig and 2000F is
heated at constant volume to 8000F?
A. 0.572 psig
B. 28.6 psia
C. 7.857 psia
D. 1.2 psig

Answer: B

47. A small pump serving as model, when tested in laboratory using water at 3600
rpm, delivered 3.0cfs at a head of 125 ft. if the efficiency of this model pump is
84%. Predict the horse power input to the prototype pump if it is to develop the
same head as model pump and the model pump has a scale ratio of 1:10. Assume the
efficiency of the prototype pump 90%.
A. 50.6 hp
B. 4730 hp
C. 4740 hp
D. 60.5 hp

Answer: B

48. Pump at its best efficiency point (BEP) has a capacity of 10,500 gpm while
developing a head of 60 ft at a rotative speed of 1450 rpm. What is the specific
speed of the pump?
A. 2760
B. 1450
C. 2476
D. 6892

Answer: D

49. A pump will be installed below the reservoir water surface with a required net
positive suction head (NPSHR) of 50 ft. the barometric pressure is 14.3 psia, and
the vapor pressure is 0.5 psia. Assume friction losses in the intake piping are 5
ft. find the maximum allowable elevation of the pump relative to the water surface
intake to avoid cavitation.
A. 45 ft
B. 55 ft
C. 18.2 ft
D. 23.2 ft

Answer: D

50. Centrifugal pump at best efficiency (BEP). Assuming the pump characteristic are
head, h = 7m, flow rate, Q = 19 liters/sec, and rotative speed n = 1170 rpm. Find
the specific speed in SI units.
A. 0.4
B. 0.71
C. 10.41
 D. 3.94

Answer: B