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Factoring Polynomials.: A A A A A Sa N N A A

This document provides an overview of factoring polynomials and working with rational expressions. It introduces key concepts like the definition of a polynomial, factoring methods including greatest common factor and factoring trinomials, and arithmetic operations on rational expressions. Example problems are provided to demonstrate each concept, with the goal of teaching students how to factor polynomials and simplify rational expressions.

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Lesther Almadrones
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113 views6 pages

Factoring Polynomials.: A A A A A Sa N N A A

This document provides an overview of factoring polynomials and working with rational expressions. It introduces key concepts like the definition of a polynomial, factoring methods including greatest common factor and factoring trinomials, and arithmetic operations on rational expressions. Example problems are provided to demonstrate each concept, with the goal of teaching students how to factor polynomials and simplify rational expressions.

Uploaded by

Lesther Almadrones
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Math 110 SS 2007

Lecture #1. Factoring Polynomials. Rational Expressions. P5, P6 (PART I).

Factoring Polynomials.
ƒ Definition of a Polynomial in x.

A polynomial in x is an algebraic expression in the form


an x n + an−1 x n−1 + an−2 x n−2 + ⋅⋅⋅ + a1 x + a0,
where
an , an−1 , an−2 , ... , a1 , and a0 are real numbers, an ≠ 0,
n is a nonnegative integer.
n is the degree of polynomial
an is the leading coefficient,
a0 is the constant term.

ƒ Factoring is the process of writing a polynomial as the


product of two or more polynomials. We will do factoring
with integer coefficients. Polynomials that cannot be
factored using integer coefficients are called irreducible
over the integers, or prime.

ƒ Methods of Factoring.

A. Factoring out the Greatest Common Factor.

Problem #1. Factor

a) 25 x5 − 15 x3 b) 3x ( x − 2 ) − 24 ( x − 2 )

1
Math 110 SS 2007
Lecture #1. Factoring Polynomials. Rational Expressions. P5, P6 (PART I).

B. Factoring by grouping.

Problem #2. Factor

x 4 − 5 x3 − 3x + 15

C. Factoring Trinomials ax 2 + bx + c .

Problem #3. Factor

a) x 2 + 5 x + 6 b) 6 x 2 + 13x − 5

D. Factoring the Difference of Two Squares.

A2 − B 2 = ( A + B )( A − B )

Problem #4. Factor

a) 121x 2 − 4 y 2 b) x 2 − 5

E. Factoring Perfect Square Trinomials.

A2 + 2 AB + B 2 = ( A + B )
2

A2 − 2 AB + B 2 = ( A − B )
2

2
Math 110 SS 2007
Lecture #1. Factoring Polynomials. Rational Expressions. P5, P6 (PART I).

Problem #5. Factor

a) x 2 − 10 x + 25 b) 2 x3 + 12 x + 18

F. Factoring Sums and Differences of Two Cubes.

A3 + B 3 = ( A + B ) ( A2 − AB + B 2 )

A3 − B 3 = ( A − B ) ( A2 + AB + B 2 )

Rational Expressions.

ƒ Definition.
A Rational Expression is the quotient of two polynomials.
Examples:

x2 − 2 x + 5 1 x −1 x+4
, , ,
x −1 x 5 x3 + x 2 + x + 1

ƒ The Domain of the Rational Expression.

The Domain of the Rational Expression is the set


of real numbers for which the expression is
defined.

3
Math 110 SS 2007
Lecture #1. Factoring Polynomials. Rational Expressions. P5, P6 (PART I).

Problem #6. Find the domain for the following rational


expressions.

x2 − 2 x + 5 1 x
a) b) c)
x −1 x x2 + 5x + 6

ƒ Simplifying Rational Expressions.

A Rational Expression is simplified if its numerator and


denominator have no common factors other than 1 or
− 1.

ƒ Simplifying Rational Expressions.


1. Factor the numerator and denominator completely.
2. Divide both the numerator and denominator by the
common factors.

Problem #7. Simplify the following rational expressions.

x+2 x2 − 2 x + 1
a) 2 b)
x −4 x2 − 1

4
Math 110 SS 2007
Lecture #1. Factoring Polynomials. Rational Expressions. P5, P6 (PART I).

ƒ Arithmetic with Rational Expressions.

A. We can add and subtract rational expressions with the


same denominator, thus we need to find the Least
Common Denominator and re-write in terms of Least
Common Denominator.

Problem #8. Perform operations.

2 x 2 x x 1
a) − b) + c) −
x+3 x+3 x+3 x−3 x2 − 2x x + 1

B. Multiplication.
The product of two rational expressions is the product of
their numerators divided by the product of their
denominators.

Problem #9. Perform multiplication. Simplify your answer.

x−5 x+6
⋅
x + 2 x 2 − 25

C. Dividing rational expressions.


The quotient of two rational expressions is the product of
first expression and reciprocal of second.

Problem #10. Divide and simplify

x−3 x2 − 9
÷
x2 − 1 x2 − 2 x + 1

5
Math 110 SS 2007
Lecture #1. Factoring Polynomials. Rational Expressions. P5, P6 (PART I).

ƒ Simplifying Complex Rational Expressions (complex


fractions).

Main idea: Re-write the numerator and denominator of a


given rational expression as a single term, then perform the
division.

Problem #11. Simplify.

x
+1
x−2
x
+1
x −4
2

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