ABARRO, JUSTINE MARIE E.

201822241
CHE241-HZZQ

PROBLEM 3. Derivation of solution of boundary layer equations

The derived Blasius equation for 𝑓(𝜂) is:

𝑑3 𝑓(𝜂) 1
+ 𝑓(𝜂)𝑓 ′′ (𝜂) = 0
𝑑𝜂 3 2
with the three boundary conditions:
𝑩𝑪𝟏: 𝑓(0) = 0 𝑩𝑪𝟐: 𝑓 ′ (0) = 0 𝑩𝑪𝟑: 𝑓 ′ (∞) = 1
Note: assume for the 3rd BC, 𝜂 = 10

To solve this problem, we will apply 4th order Runge Kutta and Shooting method.
Let:
𝑓(𝜂) = 𝑓1 (𝜂) = 0
𝑑𝑓 𝑑𝑓1
= = 𝑓2 = 0
𝑑𝜂 𝑑𝜂
𝑑2 𝑓 𝑑𝑓2
2
= = 𝑓3 = 1 = < 𝑔𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑠 >
𝑑𝜂 𝑑𝜂
𝑑3 𝑓 𝑑𝑓3 1
3
= = 𝑓4 = − 𝑓1 ∙ 𝑓3
𝑑𝜂 𝑑𝜂 2

𝑑𝑓 𝑑𝑓1
= = 𝐹1 (𝑓1 , 𝑓2 , 𝑓3 , 𝜂) = 𝑓2
𝑑𝜂 𝑑𝜂
𝑑2 𝑓 𝑑𝑓2
2
= = 𝐹2 (𝑓1 , 𝑓2 , 𝑓3 , 𝜂) = 𝑓3
𝑑𝜂 𝑑𝜂
𝑑3 𝑓 𝑑𝑓3 1
3
= = 𝐹3 (𝑓1 , 𝑓2 , 𝑓3 , 𝜂) = − 𝑓1 ∙ 𝑓3
𝑑𝜂 𝑑𝜂 2

𝑘1 = 𝐹1 (𝑓1 , 𝑓2 , 𝑓3 , 𝜂)
𝑙1 = 𝐹2 (𝑓1 , 𝑓2 , 𝑓3 , 𝜂)
𝑚1 = 𝐹3 (𝑓1 , 𝑓2 , 𝑓3 , 𝜂)
 ABARRO, JUSTINE MARIE E.
201822241
CHE241-HZZQ

𝑘1 + 2𝑘2 + 2𝑘3 + 𝑘4
𝑓1 (𝜂 + ∆𝜂) = 𝑓1 (𝜂) + ∆𝜂 { }
6
𝑙1 + 2𝑙2 + 2𝑙3 + 𝑙4
𝑓2 (𝜂 + ∆𝜂) = 𝑓2 (𝜂) + ∆𝜂 { }
6
𝑚 + 2𝑚2 + 2𝑚3 + 𝑚4
𝑓3 (𝜂 + ∆𝜂) = 𝑓3 (𝜂) + ∆𝜂 { }
6
4th order Runge Kutta and Shooting method were done in using Excel. (Please see Excel file for reference)
The obtained 𝑓 ′′ (0) value is 0.332.

Using MATLAB to plot the given data points:

The plot 𝑓 ′ (𝜂) corresponds to the distribution of the dimensionless x-component of the velocity. In this figure, it is
interpreted that along the flat plate, as 𝜂 increases, the boundary layer grows in a vertical direction.
 ABARRO, JUSTINE MARIE E.
201822241
CHE241-HZZQ

PROBLEM 2.
a. What are the velocities (𝑉𝑥 , 𝑉𝑦 , 𝑉𝑟 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑉𝜃 ) for x =[-0.45, 0.40, 0, 0.416187566] for points lying on the stream line
when Ψ(𝑟, 𝜃) = 𝑚𝜋 where m = 40 m/s , U = 100m/s?

Finding the y values:

Note: To solve for the corresponding y in every given value of x, we use Newton-Raphson Method.
At x=-0.45, y is 0 (uniform).

𝑚
Solving for the stagnation point (− , 0) => (−0.4, 0). Thus, at x= -0.4, y will be 0.
𝑢

Newton-Raphson Method:
𝑓(𝑦0 )
𝑦 = 𝑦0 −
𝑓 ′ (𝑦0 )

Relevant formula to solve for the corresponding values of y:

𝑦
Ψ(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑈𝑦 + 𝑚 ∙ arctan ( )
𝑥
𝑦
𝑓(𝑦0 ) = 100𝑦 + 40 ∙ arctan ( 0 ) − 40𝜋
𝑥
𝑥
𝑓 ′ (𝑦0 ) = 100 + 40 (𝑥 2 +𝑦2 )

The Newton-Raphson form will then be:

𝑦
100𝑦 + 40 ∙ arctan ( 𝑥0 ) − 40𝜋
𝑦 = 𝑦0 −
𝑥
100 + 40 ( )
𝑥2 + 𝑦2
Finding the 𝜽 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒓 values:
𝑥 = 𝑟𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 where 𝑟 = √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2
𝑥
𝜃 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( )
√𝑥 2 +𝑦 2

Solving for 𝑽𝒙 , 𝑽𝒚 , 𝑽𝒓 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑽𝜽 :

𝑚𝑥 40𝑥
𝑉𝑥 = 𝑈 + 𝑥 2 +𝑦2 = 100 + 𝑥 2 +𝑦2
𝑚𝑦 40𝑦
𝑉𝑦 = 𝑥 2 +𝑦2 = 𝑥 2 +𝑦2
𝑚 40
𝑉𝑟 = 𝑈𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜃) + = 100 cos(𝜃) +
𝑟 √𝑥 2 +𝑦 2
𝑉𝜃 = 𝑈𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜃) = 100 sin(𝜃)

The following values were solved using MATLAB.

MATLAB Code:
clc, clear
format short

tol=10^-7;
y3=1; x3=0;
err3=1; iter3=0;
x=[-0.45, -0.4];
y=[0, 0];
theta=[pi, pi];
r=[];

while (err3>tol)
y3_n=y3-(100*y3+40*atan(y3/x3)-40*pi)/(100+40*(x3/(x3^2+y3^2)));
err3=abs(y3-y3_n);
y3=y3_n;
iter3=iter3+1;
end

y4=1; x4=0.416187566;
err4=1; iter4=0;

while (err4>tol)
y4_n=y4-(100*y4+40*atan(y4/x4)-40*pi)/(100+40*(x4/(x4^2+y4^2)));
err4=abs(y4-y4_n);
y4=y4_n;
iter4=iter4+1;
end
x=[x,x3,x4]
y=[y,y3,y4]

for i=1:1:4 %Solving for Vx

Vx(1,i) = 100 + 40*x(1,i)/(x(1,i)^2+y(1,i)^2);
end

for i=1:1:4 %Solving for Vy

Vy(1,i) = 40*y(1,i)/(x(1,i)^2+y(1,i)^2);
end

for i=3:1:4 %Solving for theta

theta(1,i) = acos(x(1,i)/sqrt((x(1,i)^2+y(1,i)^2)));
end
theta=[theta]

for i=1:1:4%Solving for Vr

Vr(1,i) = 100*cos(theta(1,i))+40/sqrt((x(1,i)^2+y(1,i)^2));
end

for i=1:1:4%Solving for Vtheta

Vtheta(1,i) = 100*sin(theta(1,i));
end

for i=1:1:4%Solving for r

r(1,i) = sqrt(x(1,i)^2+y(1,i)^2);
end

Here are the obtained velocity values 𝑉𝑥 , 𝑉𝑦 , 𝑉𝑟 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑉𝜃 for each corresponding x values.
𝒙 𝒚 r 𝜽 𝑽𝒙 𝑽𝒚 𝑽𝒓 𝑽𝜽
-0.45 0 0.4500 𝜋 11.1111 0 -11.1111 0.0000
-0.40 0 0.4000 𝜋 0.0000 0 0 0.0000
𝜋
0.00 0.6283 0.6283 100.0000 63.6620 63.6620 100.0000
2
0.416187566 0.8168 0.9167 1.0996 119.8091 38.8775 89.0323 89.1007
c. Find the maximum velocity along Rankine Half Body and coefficient of pressure.

To find the maximum velocity:

𝑉𝑠 = √𝑉𝑥 2 + 𝑉𝑦 2
From the obtained values in a), these are the calculated Vs for every corresponding Vx and Vy.
𝑽𝒔 𝑽𝒙 𝑽𝒚
11.1111 11.1111 0
0 0.0000 0
118.5447 100.0000 63.6620
125.9590 119.8091 38.8775

Thus, 𝑉𝑠 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 125.959 m/s

The angle (in degrees) where velocity is maximum is solved by:

𝑥𝑚𝑎𝑥 180
𝜃𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( )∗
2
√𝑥𝑚𝑎𝑥 2
+ 𝑦𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝜋
𝜃𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 63°

Solved using MATLAB:

clc, clear
syms theta
m=40;
U=100 ;

%Calculate maximum Vs along the Rankine Half Body

Vx=[ 11.1111, 0.0000, 100.0000, 119.8091];
Vy=[0, 0, 63.6620, 38.8775];
x=[ -0.4500, -0.4000, 0, 0.4162];
y=[ 0, 0, 0.6283, 0.8168];
for i=1:1:4
Vs(1,i)=sqrt((Vx(1,i)^2)+Vy(1,i)^2);
end
Vs
Vs_max=max(Vs)

%Solving for the angle where velocity is maximum (degrees)

y_max=max(y);
x_max=max(x);
theta_max=acos(x_max/sqrt(x_max^2+y_max^2))*180/pi