Section 13

SECTION 13

PROTECTIVE DEVICES

CONTENTS PAGE

LOW OIL PRESSURE SHUTDOWN 13-1

DIFFERENTIAL WATER &

CRANKCASE PRESSURE DETECTOR

DESCRIPTION 13-1

MAINTENANCE 13-2

OVERSPEED TRIP

DESCRIPTION 13-3

MAINTENANCE 13-4

ADJUSTING SPRING TENSION 13-5

HOT OIL SHUTDOWN 13-5

SERVICE DATA

SPECIFICATIONS 13-7

EQUIPMENT LIST 13-7

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Section 13
SECTION
ENGINE MAINTENANCE 13
MANUAL

PROTECTIVE DEVICES

GENERAL DIFFERENTIAL WATER AND

CRANKCASE PRESSURE
This section contains the description and maintenance
information for engine protective devices. These
DETECTOR ASSEMBLY
devices are designed to shut down the engine in the
event of a malfunction occurring during engine DESCRIPTION
operation.
The combination differential water and crankcase
pressure detector, Fig. 13-2, is a mechanically
LOW OIL PRESSURE SHUTDOWN operated, pressure-sensitive device used to determine
abnormal conditions of the engine cooling system and
DESCRIPTION crankcase pressures. If potentially harmful conditions
exist, this protective device will cause engine
The low oil pressure shutdown plunger, Fig. 13-I, is shutdown.
part of the low oil pressure shutdown device, which is
contained in the governor. Although it is a protective
device it is not an accessory to the engine. Refer to
Section 12 for description and maintenance of the low
oil pressure shutdown device.

Fig. 13-2 - Differential Water And Crankcase Pressure

Detector Installation

Fig. 13-1 - Low Oil Pressure Shutdown Plunger

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Section 13
The water pressure portion of the detector balances the
differential pressure of the water pump output and the
water pump input against the air box pressure to hold
an oil relief valve in the latched position. When the
differential pressure across the water pump becomes
less than the air box pressure, Fig. 13-3, the diaphragm
moves causing the oil drain valve to open and dump
engine oil from the low oil sensing device in the
governor. The governor senses low oil pressure and
initiates low oil shutdown. Bleed holes are provided
between the pump inlet and outlet diaphragms and the
pump inlet and air box diaphragms to visually indicate
a leak. This device provides protection against water
pump cavitation, which can result from low coolant
level, excessive coolant temperature, exhaust gases in
the cooling system, or several other cooling system
failures. The water portion of the detector will trip 1. Water Pump Discharge Pressure 6 Trip Position
whenever the cooling system is drained. 2 Water Pump Inlet Pressure 7 Oil Return To Crankcase
3 Air Box Pressure 8 Vent Elbow
4 Oil In From Governor 9 Crankcase Pressure Positive
NOTE: To latch the water portion, the engine must be 5 Latch Position
running and the cooling system vented.
Fig. 13-4 -- Positive Crankcase Pressure Condition

WARNING: Following an engine shutdown because

the engine pressure detector has been
actuated, do NOT open any handhole or
top deck covers to make an inspection
until the engine has been stopped and
allowed to cool off for at least two hours.
Do NOT attempt to restart the engine
until the cause of the trip has been deter-
mined and corrected. The action of the
pressure detector indicates the possibility
of a condition within the engine, such as
an overheated bearing, that may ignite the
hot oil vapors with an explosive force, if
air is allowed to enter. If crankcase pres-
sure detector can not be reset, do NOT
operate the engine until the detector has
been replaced, since the diaphragm
1 Water Pump Discharge Pressure 6. Latch Position backup plates may be damaged.
2 Water Pump Inlet Pressure 7. Oil Return To Crankcase
3 Air Box Pressure 8. Vent Elbow
4 Oil In From Governor 9. Crankcase Pressure Negative MAINTENANCE
5. Trip Position

The differential water and crankcase pressure detector

Fig. 13-3 - Low Differential Water Pressure Condition should be tested periodically to ensure proper
operation.
The crankcase pressure portion of the device consists
of an oil relief valve, comparable to the one in the A test valve, Fig. 13-5, is installed in the water pump
water portion, held in a latched position until a positive outlet line to the water safety portion and provides a
pressure is built up in the crankcase. The oil relief means of manually dumping the water pressure on the
valve is released and lube oil pressure to the engine diaphragm and, in turn, provides a check on the
governor is relieved, Fig. 13-4. As in the water portion, tripping action of the water detector. By rotating the
the governor senses low oil pressure and initiates test valve handle to the horizontal position, the
engine shutdown. discharge of coolant from the small orifice hole in the
valve should be a steady flow. Because of
contaminants in the coolant, the small orifice in the
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Section 13

affects the operation of the water device. With the

engine running at idle speed, opening the test valve and
obtaining a free flow of coolant, should trip the device
on the first or second try. If the device does not trip,
the device should be taken off and checked on a test
panel to determine the cause of malfunction. It is
recommended that the operation of the water detector
be checked monthly with the test valve. Test valve
handle must be returned to vertical position, Fig. 13-5,
before starting engine.

To test the crankcase pressure portion without starting

the engine, use a hydrometer bulb, tocreate a suction
on the vent elbow. This should trip the reset stem, as it
simulates a positive pressure being applied to the
opposite side of the diaphragm.

CAUTION: Diaphragm can be damaged by applying a

positive pressure through vent tube. Exhaust air from
bulb before testing.

If this test is unsatisfactory, repeat the test. If the

detector still does not trip, replace the detector. The
pressure detector can also be tested by using a hand
operated vacuum pump. Connect the vacuum pump to
a tee in a line between the vent elbow and a water
manometer. Operate the pump slowly until the detector
trips. Reset the detector and repeat the procedure,
checking the manometer for tripping pressure. See the
Service Data for limits.

OVERSPEED TRIP
DESCRIPTION

An overspeed mechanism is provided as a safety

feature to stop the injection of fuel into the cylinders
should the engine speed become excessive.

Fig. 13-6 shows the mechanical ovespeed trip

mechanism. If the engine speed should increase to the
specified limits, the overspeed mechanism will shut
down the engine.

A trip shaft extending the length of each engine bank

under the camshaft is provided with a cam at each
cylinder, which when rotated, contacts a spring-loaded
Fig. 13-5 - Test Valve Positions
catch pawl mounted on each cylinder head, and located
directly under the injector rocker arm. In the overspeed
valve may become plugged, reducing or restricting the
trip housing on the front of the engine, the trip shafts
bleed off of pressure on the diaphragm. In most cases,
are connected to springoperated links and a lever
rapidly opening and closing the test valve a few times
mechanism. A reset lever on the trip lock shaft, when
will dislodge the obstruction and allow the water
pulled towards the right bank, puts tension on an
detector to trip. Plugging of the test valve in no way

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Section 13

Fig. 13-6 - Overspeed Trip

actuating spring; this tension being held by a trip pawl

engaging a notch in the trip lock lever shaft. This is the
normal running position, in which the cams on the trip
shaft are held away from the rocker arm catch pawls.

The overspeed trip release mechanism is incorporated

in the right bank front camshaft counterweight. It
consists of a flyweight held by an adjustable tension
spring. When engine speed exceeds the set limit, the
tension of the spring is overcome by the centrifugal
force acting on the flyweight, causing the flyweight to
move outward to contact the trip pawl. This allows the Fig. 13-7 - Reset Lever Positions
actuating spring, acting through connecting links, to
rotate the trip shafts. Consequently, the trip shaft cams
contact and raise the injector rocker arm pawls
MAINTENANCE
preventing full effective injector rocker arm roller
contact on its cam. This prevents fuel injection and DRAIN SLEEVE REMOVAL
stops the engine.
Lubricating oil from the overspeed trip housing drains
Upon resetting, by counterclockwise movement of the into the top of the accessory drive housing through two
reset lever, Fig. 13-7, the trip shaft cams release the removable cast aluminum drain sleeves, Fig. 13-8.
injector rocker arm catches. Rotation of the camshafts Each sleeve has two rubber O-ring seals.
on starting the engine lift the rocker arms slightly
allowing the catch pawls to resume unlatched position, If oil leakage is detected between the housings, the
releasing the injector rocker arm for normal operation. sleeves should be removed and the O-ring seals
replaced as follows:

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Section 13

Fig. 13-9 - Overspeed Trip Adjusting Nut

After the adjusting nut has been moved, the locknut

must be tightened and the engine run to test speed at
which trip operates. The speed rise of the engine from
idle to trip should be made in 20 to 30 seconds. Several
adjustments may be required before final setting of
tripping speed is reached.

Fig. 13-8 - Overspeed Trip Housing Drain Sleeves HOT OIL SHUTDOWN
1. Remove the overspeed trip housing cover. DESCRIPTION
2. Bar over the engine until the counterweights are The hot oil shutdown device, Fig. 13-10, consists of a
positioned at the top of the engine. thermostatic valve and the associated piping.

3. Remove the bolt and steel retainer strap, Fig. 13-

8, holding the sleeve.

4. Using a suitable pry bar, insert under sleeve

handle, and carefully remove sleeve from
housing. Remove seals and clean sleeves.

5. Install seal marked with red dot in upper groove

of sleeve and unmarked seal in lower groove.

6. Apply film of oil on seals and sleeve and install

sleeve, bolt, and retainer strap.

ADJUSTING MECHANICAL OVERSPEED

TRIP

To adjust the overspeed trip, shut engine down, remove Fig. 13-10 -Hot Oil Shutdown Installation
the cover from right side of overspeed trip housing and
turn adjusting nut, Fig. 13-9, to increase or decrease The valve is located in the discharge elbow of the main
spring tension as required. To increase engine speed at lube oil pump. Piping from the valve is connected into
which overspeed trip operates, increase spring tension. the oil pressure line between the

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Section 13

differential water and crankcase pressure detector and senses the resultant low oil pressure, and initiates an
the governor. There is also drain line piping from the engine shutdown.
valve to the governor drive housing.
MAINTENANCE
When oil temperature rises to 124°-126° C (255°260°
F), the thermostatic valve will open and the pressure The thermostatic valve should be removed and tested
oil is allowed to pass through the valve and drain into at intervals specified in the applicable Scheduled
the governor drive housing. The governor Maintenance Program.

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Section 13

SERVICE DATA
PROTECTIVE DEVICES

SPECIFICATIONS
Clearance and dimensional limits listed below are defined as follows:

1. New limits are those to which new parts are manufactured. (Drawing tolerances.)

2. Minimum, maximum, and tolerance measurements are provided as service limits. At time of rebuild or any time
unscheduled maintenance is performed, the service limits should not be exceeded. Engine components within these
limits may be reused with the assurance that they will perform satisfactorily until the next scheduled overhaul.

Differential Water and Crankcase

Pressure Detector

Water Portion
Tripping pressure - (With no pressure on the water chambers, increase air box pressure from zero to
tripping pressure.)
*New - Min. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 508 mm (20") H2O
Used - Min. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 762 mm (30") H2O

Crankcase portion
Tripping pressure -
*New . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.32-45.72 mm (.8"-1.8") H2O
Used . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.32-76.20 mm (.8"-3.0") H2O

*Meaning new or rebuilt devices with less than 3 months service.

Overspeed Trip

Clearance, trip latch to flyweight - Min. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.25 mm (.010")

Trip setting .................................... 990-1005 RPM

EQUIPMENT LIST
Part No.
Hydrometer bulb ...................................... 8140866
Test panel .......................................... 9339066
Vacuum pump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8470956

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