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Oca (Sca (: Special Civil Actions Introductory Concepts

This document provides an introduction to special civil actions under Philippine law. It defines special civil actions and distinguishes them from ordinary civil actions. Some key differences noted are that special civil actions have specific rules that override general civil procedure rules and may be initiated by a petition rather than a complaint in some cases. The document also lists and describes 10 common types of special civil actions and discusses issues like jurisdiction, venue, and burden of proof in special civil actions.

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Dennis Aran Tupaz Abril
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117 views

Oca (Sca (: Special Civil Actions Introductory Concepts

This document provides an introduction to special civil actions under Philippine law. It defines special civil actions and distinguishes them from ordinary civil actions. Some key differences noted are that special civil actions have specific rules that override general civil procedure rules and may be initiated by a petition rather than a complaint in some cases. The document also lists and describes 10 common types of special civil actions and discusses issues like jurisdiction, venue, and burden of proof in special civil actions.

Uploaded by

Dennis Aran Tupaz Abril
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SPECIAL CIVIL ACTIONS INTRODUCTORY CONCEPTS

Special(civil(action,(nature!! of!the! e.! Forcible!entry;!


The! fact! that! an! action! is! subject! to! special! rules! other! COMELEC!and! and!
than! those! applicable! to! ordinary! civil! actions! is! what! COA;! f.! Unlawful!
makes!a!civil!action!special.!(Riano)!( c.! CPM;! detainer(
( d.! Quo!Warranto;!
Ordinary(Civil(Action(v.(Special(Civil(Action( e.! Contempt!!
An! ordinary( civil( action(is! when! a! party! sues! another! !
for! the! enforcement! or! protection! of! a! right,! or! the! !
prevention!or!redress!of!a!wrong.![Reyes)v.)Enriquez,)G.R.) Jurisdiction(and(Venue(!
No.) 162956,) April) 10,) 2008]! A! special( civil( action( The! venue! of! special! civil! actions! is! governed! by! the!
contains! special! features! not! found! in! ordinary! civil! general!rules!on!venue,!except!when!otherwise!indicated!
actions.!It!is!also!governed!by!ordinary!rules!but!subject! by! a! particular! rule! under! the! rules! on! special! civil!
to!specific!rules!prescribed.![Rule)1,)Sec.)3)(a),)Paragraph) actions.!Special!Civil!Actions!are!governed!by!the!rules!on!
2]! ordinary!civil!actions,!subject!to!specific!rules!prescribed!
! for!a!particular!civil!action.!(Sec.!3aa,!Rule!1).!
OCA( SCA( !
Cause!of!action!–!required! Not! required! in! Unlike!ordinary!civil!actions!which!is!determined!by!
in!all!! Declaratory!Relief! either!the!residences!of!the!parties!if!personal,!or!
Venue! –! residence! of! Quo! Warranto! –! if! location!of!the!property!if!real,!special!civil!actions!need!
parties/location!of!RP! commenced!in!SC!or!CA! not!be!based!on!this.!!
–!where!the!court!sits.!If! !
commenced! in! RTC,! For! instance,! for! quo) warranto,! venue! is! fixed! without!
looks! into! residence! of! regard! to! the! residences! of! the! parties.! [Riano,) Civil)
respondent! only.! If! SG! Procedure)II,)2012]!Venue!should!still!follow!the!rule!on!
commences,!in!RTC!City! venue,!except!in!instances!where!the!special!civil!action!
of!Manila.! specifies.!
MTC/RTC! –! actions! filed! FEUD!–!only!in!MTC! !
depends! on! jurisdictional! CPM!–!cannot!be!filed!in! Jurisdiction(of(the(lower(court(to(hear(interpleader((
amount!involved.! MTC! In! view! of! defendant’s! subsequent! failure! to! settle! his!
! issue!with!the!supplier,!plaintiff!instituted!an!action!for!
! interpleader! against! the! defendant! and! the! supplier,!
Special(Civil(Actions(under(the(Rules(of(Court( before!the!Court!of!First!Instance.!The!Court!held!that!the!
1.! Interpleader!(Rule!62);! Special!Civil!Action!may!be!tried!by!the!lower!court!if!it!
2.! Declaratory! relief! and! similar! remedies! (Rule! falls! within! its! jurisdiction,! here! the! amount! was! less!
63);! than! 10,000,! hence,! the! petition! was! proper.! [Makati)
3.! Review! of! judgment! and! final! orders! or! Development) v.) Tanjuatco,) G.R.) No.) LR26443,) March) 25,)
resolutions!of!the!Commission!on!Elections!and! 1969]!!
the!Commission!on!Audit!(Rule!64);! !
4.! Certiorari,! Prohibition,! and! Mandamus! (Rule! Jurisdiction(in(ejectment((
65);! Petitioners! contend! that! since! the! MTC! acted! without!
5.! Quo!Warranto!(Rule!66);! jurisdiction,!the!RTC!can!only!decide!the!case!on!appeal!
6.! Expropriation!(Rule!67);! if! it! has! original! jurisdiction.! The! SC! held! that! the! MTC!
7.! Foreclosure!of!real!estate!mortgage!(Rule!68);! had! jurisdiction! over! this! ejectment! case! even! if! the!
8.! Partition!(Rule!69);! question! of! possession! could! be! resolved! without!
9.! Forcible!entry!and!unlawful!detainer!(Rule!70);! passing! upon! the! issue! of! ownership.! [Serrano) v.)
and! Gutierrez,)G.R.)No.)162366,)November)10,)2006](
10.! Contempt!(Rule!71).! (
! Burden(of(Proof(!
How(SCAs(are(initiated(or(commenced( In! a! special! civil! action! for! certiorari,! the! petitioner!
While!ordinary!civil!actions!are!initiated!by!the!filing!of!a! carries! the! burden! of! proving! not! merely! reversible!
complaint,! some! SCAs! are! initiated! by! the! filing! of! a! error,!but!grave!abuse!of!discretion!amounting!to!lack!or!
petition.) excess! of! jurisdiction,! on! the! part! of! the! public!
! respondent!for!his!issuance!of!the!impugned!order.!
SCAs(commenced(by(a( SCAs(initiated(by(a( !
Petition( Complaint(
a.! Declaratory! a.! Interpleader;!
relief!and! b.! Expropriation;!
other!similar! c.! Foreclosure!of!
remedies;! REM;!
b.! Review!of! d.! Partition;!
adjudications!

DATABRIL2017 1

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