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Binomial Distributions/ Taburan Binomial

1. This document contains notes from a math lesson on binomial distributions taught by Cheng Wui Leap. 2. It defines key terms like discrete random variables, Bernoulli trials, and binomial experiments. 3. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to calculate probabilities of outcomes using the binomial distribution formula.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
140 views12 pages

Binomial Distributions/ Taburan Binomial

1. This document contains notes from a math lesson on binomial distributions taught by Cheng Wui Leap. 2. It defines key terms like discrete random variables, Bernoulli trials, and binomial experiments. 3. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to calculate probabilities of outcomes using the binomial distribution formula.

Uploaded by

Wuileap
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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.Austin: No.

25-01 & 25-02 Jalan Austin Heights 8/3, Taman Mount Austin (Tel: 019-7732389)

Name of student Teacher’s Name Cheng Wui Leap


Subject SPM Add Math Class F5 AM
Topic Chapter 8 Probability Distribution (1) Lesson no 7
Sub-topic Binomial Distribution Date
Day/Time

Binomial Distributions/ Taburan Binomial


A random variable is a quantity that takes different numerical values according to the results/outcomes of a
particular experiment.
Random variables with countable and exact values are known as discrete random variables
In an experiment/trial, that produces only two outcomes, i.e. ‘success’ or ‘failure’ is known as a Bernoulli
Trial
If a Bernoulli trial is repeated many times, the experiment is known as the binomial experiment,
If the discrete random variable X follows a binomial distribution, it is written as

Pembolehubah rawak adalah kuantiti yang mengambil nilai yang berbeza mengikut keputusan eksperimen
tertentu.
Pembolehubah rawak dengan nilai-nilai yang boleh dibilang dan tepat dikenali sebagai pemboleh ubah
rawak diskrit
Dalam satu eksperimen/percubaan, terdapat dua keputusan iaitu 'berjaya' atau 'gagal' yang dikenali
sebagai percubaan Bernoulli
Percubaan Bernoulli diulang banyak kali, eksperimen dikenali sebagai percubaan binomial,
Jika pemboleh ubah rawak diskret mempunyai taburan binomial, ia ditulis sebagai

X ~ B(n, p) where n = number of trials; p = probability of success


Di mana n = bilangan percubaan; p = kebarangkalian kejayaan

The probability of obtaining r successes in a binomial distribution is given by


Kebarangkalian bagi mendapatkan r berjaya dalam taburan binomila diberi
P(X = r) = n C r p r q n-r , where/ di mana
P = probability/ kebarangkalian
X = binomial discrete random variable/ pembolehubah rawak diskret binomial
r = number of successes/ bilangan kejayaan (r = 0, 1, 2……n)
n = number of trials/ bilangan percubaan
p = probability of successes (0< p < 1)/ kebarangkalian kejayaan
q = probability of failure (q = 1 – p) / kebarangkalian kegagalan

Prepared by Cheng WL Page 1


1. A fair dice is rolled 3 times, one after the other. If X represents the number of times the number 2
appears, find
Satu dadu yang adil dilambung sebanyak 3 kali. Jika X mewakili bilangan kali mendapt nombor 2, cari
(a) the probability of success p for each roll [Ans: 16 ]
kebarangkalian bagi berjaya, p untuk setiap lambungan
(b) the probability distribution of X/ taburan kebarangkalian bagi X [Ans: 0.5787, 0.3472, 0.0694, 0.0046]

2. A box contains four cards with a number written on each of them. The numbers are 1, 2, 3, and 4. A
card is drawn from the box and the number on it is noted. Then it is returned to the box before the next
card is drawn. This is repeated 4 times. If X represents the number of times of getting the number 3
Sebuah kotak mengandungi empat kad dengan nombor ditulis pada setiap kad. Nombor-nombor itu ialah
1, 2, 3, dan 4. Sekeping kad diambil dari kotak dan nombor pada ia dicatatkan. Kemudian ia kembali ke
kotak sebelum kad yang seterusnya diambil. Ini diulang 4 kali. Jika X mewakili bilangan kali untuk
mendapatkan nombor 3
(a) List all the possible values of the discrete random variable X. [Ans: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
Senaraikan nilai-nilai yang mungkin bagi pemboleh ubah rawak diskret X.
(b) Find the binomial distribution for the card with the number 3 written on it being drawn from the
box. [Ans: . 0.3164, 0.4219, 0.2109, 0.0469, 0.0039]
Cari taburan binomial bagi kad dengan nombor 3 dikeluarkan daripada kotak itu.

Prepared by Cheng WL Lesson 7 Page 2


Binomial Distribution Graph/ Graf taburan binomial
1. Three unbiased coins are tosses simultaneously. X represents the number of tails obtained.
Tiga syiling yang adil dilambung serentak. X mewakili bilangan ekor diperolehi.
a. List the elements of the binomial discrete random variable X
Senaraikan unsur-unsur bagi binomial pemboleh ubah rawak diskret X.
b. Calculate the probability of each of the elements of X [Ans: X = {0, 1, 2, 3} ]
Hitung kebarangkalian bagi setiap unsur bagi X.
c. Hence, plot a graph to represent the Binomial probability distribution of X. [Ans: 18 , 83 , 83 , 18 ]
Seterusnya, plot graf untuk mewakili taburan kebarangkalian binomial bagi X.

2. The analysis of SPM results in a school shows that 60% of the SPM candidates in that school obtained a
credit for Bahasa Melayu. A sample of 4 candidates is chosen in random. Y represents the number of
candidates who obtained a credit for Bahasa Melayu.
Analisis keputusan SPM di sebuah sekolah menunjukkan bahawa 60% daripada calon-calon SPM di
sekolah mendapat kredit untuk Bahasa Melayu. Sampel kajian terdiri daripada 4 calon dipilih secara
rawak. Y mewakili bilangan calon yang mendapat kredit untuk Bahasa Melayu.
a. List all the elements of the binomial discrete random variable Y
Senaraikan unsur-unsur bagi binomial pemboleh ubah rawak diskret Y.
b. Calculate the probability of each of the elements of Y.
Hitung kebarangkalian bagi setiap unsur bagi Y.
c. Hence, plot a graph to represent the binomial probability distribution of Y.
Seterusnya, plot graf untuk mewakili taburan kebarangkalian binomial bagi Y.

Prepared by Cheng WL Lesson 7 Page 3


3. The discrete random variable X has a binomial probability distribution with n = 4, where n is the
number of trials. Diagram below shows the probability distribution of X. Find
Pembolehubah rawak diskret X mempunyai satu taburan kebarangkalian binomial dengan n = 4,
dengan keadaan n ialah bilangan percubaan. Rajah bawah menunjukkan taburan kebarangkalian bagi
X. cari
!
(a) The value ok k,/ nilai k [Ans. "]

#
(b) P(X ≥ 3) [Ans. ] (SPM 2010)
$%

4. Diagram below shows the graph of a binomial distribution of X. Find


Rajah bawah menunjukkan graf suatu taburan binomial bagi X. cari (SPM 2011)
$&
(a) P(X ≥ 1) [Ans. '(]

"
(b) The value ok m,/ nilai m [Ans. '(]

Prepared by Cheng WL Lesson 7 Page 4


Problems involving binomial distributions/ Masalah yang melibatkan taburan binomial
1. In Taman Aman, the probability that rain will fall on any day is 53 . Calculate the probability that rain
falls on exactly four days in a certain week. [Ans: 0.2903]
Dalam Taman Aman, kebarangkalian hujan pada mana-mana hari adalah 53 . Hitungkan
kebarangkalian hujan pada tepat empat hari dalam seminggu tertentu.

2. The probability that Lily passes an English test is 0.75. Determine the probability that she passes 4
out of 7 tests. [Ans : 0.1730]
Kebarangkalian Lily lulus dalam ujian Bahasa Inggeris adalah 0.75. Tentukan kebarangkalian bahawa
dia lulus dalam 4 daripada 7 ujian.

3. The probability that Yusof goes to work late is 0.65. Determine the probability that he is late for 5 days
in a week. [Ans : 0.2985]
Kebarangkalian Yusof pergi ke kerja lewat adalah 0.65. Tentukan kebarangkalian bahawa dia lewat
selama 5 hari dalam seminggu.

Prepared by Cheng WL Lesson 7 Page 5


4. In a SPM trial examination in a school, 2 students out of 5 students failed Additional Mathematics. If 6
students are chosen at random, find the probability that 2 students failed the test [Ans : 0.3110]
Dalam satu peperiksaan percubaan SPM di sebuah sekolah, 2 orang pelajar daripada 5 pelajar gagal
Matematik Tambahan. Jika 6 orang pelajar dipilih secara rawak, cari kebarangkalian bahawa 2 orang
pelajar gagal dalam ujian.

5. In an examination, 70% of the students passed. If a sample of 8 students is randomly selected, find the
probability that 6 students from the sample passed the examination. [Ans : SPM/03 : 0.2965]
Dalam peperiksaan, 70% daripada pelajar lulus. Jika satu sampel 8 orang pelajar dipilih secara rawak,
cari kebarangkalian bahawa 6 orang dari sampel itu lulus peperiksaan.

6. It is known that 20% of the students failed the Form 4 final examination in a school. A sample of 10
Form 4 students is chosen at random. Find the probability that
Adalah diketahui bahawa 20% pelajar gagal dalam peperiksaan akhir Tingkatan 4 di sebuah sekolah.
Sampel kajian terdiri daripada 10 orang pelajar Tingkatan 4 yang dipilih secara rawak. Cari
kebarangkalian bahawa
a. there are no students who failed/ tiada pelajar gagal [Ans : 0.1074 ]
b. there are 3 students who failed./ 3 orang pelajar gagal [Ans : 0.2013]

Prepared by Cheng WL Lesson 7 Page 6


7. The probability of the birth of a baby girl in a certain country is 53 . Find the probability that in a family
that consists of 4 children, there
Kebarangkalian kelahiran seorang bayi perempuan di negara tertentu adalah 53 . Cari kebarangkalian
bahawa dalam sebuah keluarga yang terdiri daripada 4 orang anak, terdapat
a.. is 1 girl/ seorang perempuan [Ans : 0.1536 ]
b. is 3 girls/ 3 orang perempuan [Ans : 0.3456]
c. are all girls/ semua perempuan [Ans : 0.1296 ]

8. Given that 20% of the durians sold is spoilt. If a person buys 10 durians, calculate the probability that
Diberi bahawa 20% daripada durian yang dijual adalah rosak. Jika seseorang membeli 10 durian,
hitungkan kebarangkalian bahawa
a) Only one durian is spoilt/ hanya sebiji durian rosak [Ans : 0.2684 ]
b) All the durians are good./ semua durian adalah baik [Ans : 0.1074]

9. In a survey conducted on teachers of a school. It is found that 15% of the teachers travel overseas
during school holidays. In a sample of 10 teachers chosen at random from the school, calculate the
probability that exactly 3 of them travel overseas during the school holiday. [Ans : 0.1298]
Dalam kaji selidik yang dijalankan ke atas guru-guru sekolah. Ia didapati bahawa 15% daripada
guru-guru melancong ke luar negara semasa cuti sekolah. Dalam satu sampel 10 orang guru yang
dipilih secara rawak dari sekolah, hitungkan kebarangkalian bahawa tepat 3 daripada mereka ke luar
negara semasa cuti sekolah.

Prepared by Cheng WL Lesson 7 Page 7


If X is a binomial discrete random variable such that X ~ B(n, p), then
Jika X ialah pemboleh ubah rawak diskret dengan keadaan X ~ B(n, p), maka
Mean/ min, µ = np
Variance/ varians, s 2 = npq
Standard Deviation/ sisihan piawai, s = npq

5. In an examination, it is found that two out of five candidates will pass. If there are 900 candidates,
calculate the mean and standard deviation of the number of candidates passing it. [Ans : mean 360, 14.7]
Dalam sebuah peperiksaan, didapati bahawa dua daripada lima calon akan lulus. Jika terdapat 900
calon, hitungkan min dan sisihan piawai jumlah calon lulus dalam peperiksaan.

6. X is a binomial random variable such that X~B(n, p). If its mean and standard deviation are 60 and 3
5 respectively, find the value of p and of n. [Ans : p = 14 , n = 240]
X ialah pembolehubah rawak binomial seperti yang X ~ B (n, p). Jika min dan sisihan piawai adalah 60
dan 3 masing-masing, cari nilai p dan nilai n.

7. A company has 20 workers. The probability that a worker is late for work on a certain day is 15 . On a
certain day, find
Syarikat A mempunyai 20 orang pekerja. Kebarangkalian bahawa seorang pekerja lewat untuk bekerja
pada suatu hari tertentu adalah 15 . Pada hari yang tertentu, cari
a. the probability that no workers are late for work [Ans : 0.0115]
kebarangkalian tiada pekerja lewat untuk bekerja
b. the mean and standard deviation of the number of workers who are late for work. [Ans : 4, 1.79]
min dan sisihan piawai bagi bilangan pekerja lewat untuk bekerja

Prepared by Cheng WL Lesson 7 Page 8


8. The past record show that 70% of candidates who took a diving test passed the test. Find
Rekod yang lalu menunjukkan bahawa 70% daripada calon-calon lulus dalam ujian menyelam. Cari
a. the probability that at least 1 candidate from a sample of 5 chosen at random passed the test.
Kebarangkalian bahawa sekurang-kuang satu calon dari 5 calon yang dipiolih secara rawak lulus
dalam ujian. [Ans : 0.99757]
b. the mean and standard deviation of the number of candidates who passed if there are 200 candidates
who sat for the test on a certain day. [Ans : 140, 6.48]
min dan sisihan paiwai bagi bilangan calon yang lulus jika terdapat 200 orang calon yang
mengambil ujian itu pada suatu hari yang tertentu.

9. A factory produces an electronic component. 10% of the products are defective.


Sebuah kilang menghasilkan komponen elektronik. 10% daripada produk adalah rosak.
a. If a technician chooses 100 components at random to be tested, find the mean and standard deviation
of the number of defective components. [Ans : 10, 3]
Jika juruteknik memilih 100 komponen secara rawak untuk diuji, cari min dan sisihan piawai
bilangan komponen yang rosak.
b. Find the minimum number of components that have to be tested so that the probability of obtaining
at least one defective component is greater than 0.8 [Ans : 16]
Cari bilangan minimum komponen yang perlu diuji supaya kebarangkalian mendapat sekurang-
kurangnya satu komponen yang rosak adalah lebih besar daripada 0.8

Prepared by Cheng WL Lesson 7 Page 9


10. In a survey carried out in a school, it is found that 2 out of 5 students has handphones.
If 8 students from that school are chosen at random, calculate the probability that
Dalam satu tinjauan yang dijalankan ke atas mirud-murid di sebuah sekolah, didapati 2 daripada 5
orang murid memiliki telefon bimbit. Jika 8 orang murid daripada sekolah itu dipilih secara rawak,
hitung kebarangkalian bahawa
(i) exactly 2 students have handphones,/ tepat 2 orang murid memiliki telefon bimbit [Ans. 0.2090]
(ii) more than 2 students have handphones [Ans. 0.6846] (SPM 2007)
lebih daripada orang murid memiliki telefon bimbit

11. It is found that 80% of university graduates in a state are employed.


If 10 university graduates from the state are selected at random, find the probability that
Didapati bahawa 80% daripada graduan universiti di sebuah negeri mendapat pekerjaan.
Jika 10 orang graduan universiti dari negeri itu dipilih secara rawak, cari kebarangkalian bahawa
(i) Exactly 9 of them are employed./ tepat 9 orang mendapat pekerjaan. [Ans.0.2684]
(ii) At most 2 of them are unemployed./ selebih-lebihnya 2 orang tidak mendapat pekerjaan.
[Ans.0.6778] (SPM 2011)

Prepared by Cheng WL Lesson 7 Page 10


12. It is found that 70% of the student from a certain class obtained grade A in Geography in SPM trial
examination. If 10 students from the class are selected at random, find the probability that
Didapati bahawa 70% murid dari sebuah kelas tertentu mendapat gred A bagi Geografi dalam
peperiksaan percubaan SPM. Jika 10 orang murid dari kelas itu dipilih secara rawak, cari
kebarangkalian bahawa
(a) exactly 8 students obtained grade A/ tepat 8 orang mendapat gred A [Ans.0.2335]
(b) not more than 8 students obtained grade A [Ans.0.8507] (SPM 2013)
tidak lebih daripada 8 orang murid mendapat gred A.

13. The random variable X represent a binomial distribution with 10 trials and the probability of success is
$
!
. Find
Pembolehubah rawak X mewakili taburan binomial dengan 10 percubaan dan kebarangkalian berjaya
$
ialah !. Cari
(a) the standard deviation of the distribution/ sisihan piawai taburan itu [Ans.1.491]
(b) the probability that at least one trial is success. [Ans.0.9827] (SPM 2013)
kebarangkalian bahawa sekurang-kurangnya satu percubaan adalah berjaya.

Prepared by Cheng WL Lesson 7 Page 11


14. A test paper consists of 40 questions. Each question is followed by four choices of answer, where only
one of these is correct.
Suatu kertas ujian mengandungi 40 soalan. Setiap soalan diikuti oleh empat pilihan jawapan dengan
keadaan hanya satu jawapan sahaja yang betul.
(a) Salma answers all the questions by randomly choosing an answer for each question.
Salma menjawap semua soalan dengan memilih secara rawak satu jawapan untuk setiap soalan.
(i) Estimate the number of questions she answered correctly. [Ans. 10]
Anggarkan bilangan soalan yang dijawap dengan betul.
(ii) Find the standard deviation of the number of questions she answered correctly. [Ans. 2.739]
Cari sisihan piawai bagi bilangan soalan yang dijawap dengan betul.
(b) Basri answers 30 questions and randomly choosing an answer for each of the remaining 10
questions. Find the probability that he answers
Basri menjawap 30 soalan dengan betul dan memilih secara rawak satu jawapan untuk setiap 10
soalan yang selebihnya. Cari kebarangkalian bahawa dia menjawab
(i) 36 questions correctly,/ 30 soalan dengan betul [Ans. 0.01622]
(ii) at least 32 questions correctly./ sekurang-kurangnya 32 soalan dengan betul. [Ans. 0.7560]
(SPM 2009)

Prepared by Cheng WL Lesson 7 Page 12

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