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Human Origins: The Six Types of Societies

Human Origins - Humans evolved from ancient relatives like "Nutcracker Man" and "hobbit-sized" species, and may have interbred with Neanderthals and Denisovans. The document will cover human evolution and origins. Cultural evolution - The development of learned behaviors passed from generation to generation, including in some animal groups. It depends on inherited traits and allows shaping our environment faster than biological evolution through learned information transmission. The Six Types of Societies - Earliest were hunting and gathering, then pastoral relying on domesticated animals, horticultural cultivating plants, agricultural relying on farming, industrial driven by technology, and post-industrial where

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33 views2 pages

Human Origins: The Six Types of Societies

Human Origins - Humans evolved from ancient relatives like "Nutcracker Man" and "hobbit-sized" species, and may have interbred with Neanderthals and Denisovans. The document will cover human evolution and origins. Cultural evolution - The development of learned behaviors passed from generation to generation, including in some animal groups. It depends on inherited traits and allows shaping our environment faster than biological evolution through learned information transmission. The Six Types of Societies - Earliest were hunting and gathering, then pastoral relying on domesticated animals, horticultural cultivating plants, agricultural relying on farming, industrial driven by technology, and post-industrial where

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Human Origins

 Humans are unique creatures on the planet, though it wasn't always this way. Long ago,
some bizarre human relatives, such as Nutcracker Man and a Homo species whose
miniature bodies resembled the hobbits on Lord of the Rings, roamed Earth. Scientists are
even finding evidence that modern humans crossed paths with some of our relatives, with
fossils suggesting Homo sapiens may have had sex with Neanderthals and even a newly
discovered species called the Denisovans. In news and features, we will cover human
evolution and origins, revealing the mysteries of humanity, details on human ancestors and
the evolutionary steps that led to modern humans.

Cultural evolution
 Cultural evolution is the development of learned behaviour as it is passed from one generation to
the next.
Cultural evolution is not confined only to humans but it is only in primitive form in other groups of
animals e.g apes which make and use tools to help gather food and pass on this learning to
others. The ability to acquire culture and successfully transmit it from one generation to the next
depends on genetically inherited characteristics.
Cultural evolution is the process by which we are able to shape and adapt to our environment. It
is a much more rapid process than biological evolution. It is transmitted as learned information
from generation to generation. It required an intelligent brain and communication, preferably
speech.

The Six Types of Societies


 Hunting and gathering societies - are the earliest form of society. The members
survive primarily by hunting, trapping, fishing, and gathering edible plants. The majority of the
members' time is spent looking for and gathering food. A hunting and gathering society has
five characteristics:

 Pastoral societies- Pastoral societies began around 12,000 years ago. These
societies rely on products obtained through the domestication and breeding of animals for
transportation and food. Pastoral societies are common in areas where crops cannot be
supported, for example in North Africa. Unlike hunting and gathering societies, pastoral
societies only have to move when the land in which the animals graze is no longer usable.
Pastoral societies also allow for job specialization, since not everyone is needed to gather or
hunt for food. For example, while some people breed animals, others are able to produce
tools or clothing, which allows for specialization in these areas.
 Horticultural societies- Horticultural societies emerged between 10,000 and
12,000 years ago in Latin America, Asia, and parts of the Middle East. These societies rely
on the cultivation of fruits, vegetables, and plants in order to survive. Horticultural societies
are often forced to relocate when the resources of the land are depleted or when the water
supplies decrease.

 Agricultural societies- An agricultural society, also known as an agrarian society,


is a society that constructs social order around a reliance upon farming. More than half the
people living in that society make their living by farming.

 Industrial societies - industrial society is a society driven by the use of technology to


enable mass production, supporting a large population with a high capacity for division of
labour. Such a structure developed in the Western world in the period of time following
the Industrial Revolution, and replaced the agrarian societies of the pre-modern, pre-
industrial age. Industrial societies are generally mass societies, and may be succeeded by
an information society. They are often contrasted with traditional societies.[1]

 Post-industrial societies - the post-industrial society is the stage of society's


development when the service sectorgenerates more wealth than the manufacturing sector of
the economy. The term was originated by Alain Touraine and is closely related to similar
sociological theoretical constructs such as post-Fordism, information society, knowledge
economy, post-industrial economy, liquid modernity, and network society. They all can be used
in economics or social science disciplines as a general theoretical backdrop in research design.

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