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Scavenging & Supercharging

The document discusses scavenging and supercharging processes in 2-stroke diesel engines, describing how scavenging removes exhaust gases from the cylinder and refills it with fresh air, and how supercharging increases the mass of air supplied via methods like turbocharging which uses exhaust gas energy to drive an air compressor. It provides details on pulse and constant pressure turbocharging systems and their advantages and disadvantages for scavenging efficiency and engine performance.

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camaliel
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246 views35 pages

Scavenging & Supercharging

The document discusses scavenging and supercharging processes in 2-stroke diesel engines, describing how scavenging removes exhaust gases from the cylinder and refills it with fresh air, and how supercharging increases the mass of air supplied via methods like turbocharging which uses exhaust gas energy to drive an air compressor. It provides details on pulse and constant pressure turbocharging systems and their advantages and disadvantages for scavenging efficiency and engine performance.

Uploaded by

camaliel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Scavenging & Supercharging

Scavenging
• Scavenging process refers to 2-stroke cycle engines

• It is a process of exchanging gases in cylinder

• In 2-stroke diesel engines low pressure air is used to remove


exhaust gases from cylinder at the end of cycle

• At the same time low pressure air is used to refill the cylinder
with fresh air for use on the next compression stroke
This process is termed as Scavenging

• Satisfactory scavenging depends on efficient


evacuation of exhaust gases.
2 -Stroke Engine Timing Diagram
2 - Fuel valve open 3 - Fuel valve close

4 - Exhaust valve open


1 - Exhaust valve close

5 - Scavenge port open


6 - Scavenge port close

SMA/AR/2002
Blowdown effect of exhaust valve opening
Blowdown of Exhaust Gas
Gives Energy to Drive T/C
Condition For Maximum Scavenging Efficiency

• All exhaust gases must be purged out

• Cylinder must be filled with sufficient fresh air

• There should be no wastage of air


Good scavenging improves ...

• Combustion

• Mean temperatures (thermal stress)

• Specific fuel consumption

• Power output

• Thermal efficiency
METHODS OF SCAVENGING
ADVANTAGES OF UNI-
UNI-FLOW SCAVENGING

• Highest scavenge efficiency

• Most suitable pressure charging

• Greater area Air & Gas flow

• Short-circuiting less
Scavenging is enhanced by ...

…Supercharging
Supercharging
• Process of supplying air at a pressure higher than that of
atmosphere into the engine during suction stroke (4-stroke
engine) or scavenging (2-stroke engine)
• Increases mass of air supplied to the engine / cycle
• Allows more fuel to burn to produce more power
• For same bore, stroke and speed, a supercharged engine
develops more power
• Supercharging increases Power : Weight of an engine
Advantages of Supercharging
• improves combustion
• keeps exhaust temperatures low
• increases engine output power
• reduces specific fuel consumption
• increases thermal efficiency
• improves power to weight ratio
(thus reduces weight, space, cost, etc)
Methods of Supercharging

• independently driven compressor

• engine driven compressor

• under-piston supercharging

• exhaust gas turbo-charging

• combination of the above


Types of Equipment Used for Supercharging

• positive displacement pump

• centrifugal blower - (electric driven)

• turbo-blower - (exhaust gas driven)


Turbocharger
Turbocharger
Turbocharger with
Air Cooler
Air Intake

Air Cooler
2-stroke Diesel Engine
Turbocharging
• increases overall plant efficiency by utilising about 20% of waste
heat energy in exhaust gases which carries 25% of fuel energy
• requires no separate power source

• self-adjusts to varying load conditions

• more efficient - compared to other forms of supercharging

• turbo-charging increases engine output by up to four times.


• 75 percent of the engine power is dependent upon the turbocharger
functioning efficiently
• by reducing fuel consumption (SFC) it lowers exhaust-gas
emissions
DEVELOPMENT OF T/C COMPRESSION RATIO
TURBO--CHARGING
TURBO

Two types of turbo-charging arrangement …..

• Pulse system

• Constant Pressure system


4-Stroke Engine

Pulse turbo-charging
PULSE SYSTEM
TURBOCHARGING
 Higher pressure and temperature of
exhaust gas is used
 high pressure energy is converted to EXH OUT AIR IN

kinetic energy and creates waves or


pulse
T C

AIR COOLING
1 2 3 4 5 COOLER WATER

SCAVENGE MANIFOLD
2 Stroke Pulse turbocharging

SMA/AR/2002 24
2 Stroke Pulse turbocharging

SMA/AR/2002 25
Requirements for Pulse Operation
• Exhaust pipes should be short, narrow with
minimum bends

• Exhaust pipes connection should be such that no


interference of pulse occurs

• Exhaust gas discharge period between successive


cylinders into common manifold to be 240 deg for
4-stroke and 120 deg for 2-stroke engine to avoid
interference between scavenging of one cyl & exh
of the next
PULSE SYSTEM
TURBOCHARGING

Advantages Disadvantages
 highly responsive  at high load - poor turbine
 good turbocharger acceleration efficiency
 good low load & low speed  turbine operation rough &
performance
inefficient
 no need for scavenging assistance
 complex exhaust piping
 better scavenging
Pulse converter allows to connect
cylinder groups to common ejector

Prevents return flow of gas and


smoothen out the separate impulse

Improves gas admission to turbine &


increases T/C efficiency

Reduces mechanical loading of turbine


blades as compare to impulse turbo-
charging

Multi-pulse method is further


development of Pulse converter

Allows number of exh pipes feed into


common pulse converter together
with nozzles

Practically no reflection of pulse


waves & further improves T/C
efficiency
Constant Pressure

Turbo-charging
CONSTANT PRESSURE SYSTEM
TURBOCHARGING
Exhaust gases from all cylinders
expand to a constant pressure in a
common manifold where the pressure
is higher than atmospheric
T C
EXHAUST MANIFOLD

AIR COOLING
1 2 3 4 5 COOLER WATER

SCAVENGE MANIFOLD

M C
AUXILIARY
BLOWER
(FOR LOW LOAD
OPERATION)
2 Stroke Constant Pressure Turbo-charging

SMA/AR/2002 32
CONSTANT PRESSURE SYSTEM
TURBOCHARGING

Advantages Disadvantages
 higher turbine efficiency  poor performance at low load

 good performance at high load  less sensitive to load changes


 smooth turbine operation
 needs scavenge assistance
 more power
 lower sfc
 simple exhaust piping
 flexibility in turbine positioning
CONSTANT PRESSURE SYSTEM
TURBOCHARGING

 Possible to design by using only one Turbo-blower

 Generally more than one is fitted for the following reasons:

 Mechanical breakdown

 Mounting difficulty with a large and heavy blower

 Cylinders furthest away from the blower would receive air


at reduced pressure leading to power imbalance

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