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Niyati Jigyasu: Disaster Management For Buildings-I (AR-530)

The document discusses disaster management for buildings, outlining the objectives to understand pre- and post-disaster design and management measures, including special construction techniques for hazards like earthquakes, fires, floods, and more. It covers natural and human-induced hazards, the factors that cause hazards to become disasters like vulnerability, and approaches to risk reduction through decreasing vulnerability and increasing capacity. The total subject assignment involves analyzing past disaster events and proposing risk reduction strategies and a disaster risk reduction plan for a building.

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Ekta Mittal
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84 views24 pages

Niyati Jigyasu: Disaster Management For Buildings-I (AR-530)

The document discusses disaster management for buildings, outlining the objectives to understand pre- and post-disaster design and management measures, including special construction techniques for hazards like earthquakes, fires, floods, and more. It covers natural and human-induced hazards, the factors that cause hazards to become disasters like vulnerability, and approaches to risk reduction through decreasing vulnerability and increasing capacity. The total subject assignment involves analyzing past disaster events and proposing risk reduction strategies and a disaster risk reduction plan for a building.

Uploaded by

Ekta Mittal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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DISASTER MANAGEMENT

FOR BUILDINGS-I
(AR-530)

lecture 1

Niyati Jigyasu
Associate Professor
Chitkara School of Planning and Architecture
B.ARCHITECTUE - X SEMESTER
DISASTER MANAGEMENT FOR BUILDINGS-I AR-530(EL)

Maximum Marks : 50
Internal : 50

Objective
To make the students understand the various pre & post disaster design
and management measures.

Content
UNIT-I
Earthquake: Problems & design issues
General Principles of designing
Special construction techniques.
UNIT-II
General requirements, principles and measures for building design
for Fire, floods, cyclones, avalanche, etc.
Special construction technique.
UNIT-III
Post diaster problems, issues & management.
WHAT IS A DISASTER?

Disaster has originated from French Word called “Desastre” which is a


combination of two words ‘des’ meaning bad and ‘aster’ meaning star. Thus
the term refers to ‘Bad or Evil star’.

A serious disruption of the functioning of a community of a society involving


widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses and impacts,
which exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using
its own resources.
Perception of Disasters
18th century and before : God’s punishment for sins
committed by the whole community

19th and 20th century: Acts of nature …hence call for


quake resistant buildings and river embankments

Today: Disaster’s are now, at least partly, the results


of human action against nature…
Natural and Human-induced Events
• Momentary Natural Geological Events e.g. earthquake, volcanic eruption,
landslides

• Meteorological Events such as cyclones, lightening, fires, drought, avalanche


etc.

• Oceanographic Events such as Tsunami

• Hydrological Events such as floods

• Biological Event such as epidemic

• Technological Event such as explosion, structural collapse, release of toxic


materials.

• Social/anthropogenic events such as terrorism, political conflict, war etc.


HAZARDS

Natural hazards Anthropogenic/ man-made hazards

Climatic & Fire Geological Sociological Technological Transportation


atmospheric

•Blizzard •Avalanche • Arson •Industrial •Aviation


•Drought •Earthquake • Civil accidents •Rail
•Storm •Lahar disorder •Radiological and •Roads
•Heat wave •Sinkholes • Terrorism Nuclear accidents •Space
•Tornado •Volcanic •War •Structural •Sea travel
•Climate eruption collapse
change •Fire
Hazard
• A dangerous phenomenon, substance, human
activity or condition that may cause loss of life,
injury or other health impacts, property
damage, loss of livelihoods and services, social
and economic disruption, or environmental
damage.

• Synonymous with ‘Agents of Disaster’


What causes these hazards to
become disasters ?
Why 8.8 magnitude earthquake caused 700 deaths
while 7 magnitude earthquake caused 230,000
deaths ?

Haiti Earthquake

Chile Earthquake
Vulnerability
• The characteristics and circumstances of a
community, system or asset that make it
susceptible to the damaging effects of a
hazards

• There are many aspects of vulnerability,


arising from various physical, social, economic,
environmental and even attitudinal factors.
The Hazard Building or Site

Vulnerability of Building or Site is its


Exposure to a Hazard at one particular time
Vulnerability as Vulnerability as
a a
Product Process
Exposure to one or Degree of increase
more hazards at or decrease in
one time various indicators

Underlying Causes
Changing Paradigm of Disasters
• From techno-centric paradigm of seeing
disasters as ‘events’ ….to

• A social perspective of seeing disasters as


‘phenomenon’
What is a Risk?

• The chance of something happening that will


have an impact upon objectives. (ERM
Applications Guide, 2000)

• Its about future based on the present


DISASTER
Relationship between Risk and Disasters

Risk Disaster
Risk Disaster

Disaster
Risks

Risk Risk
Disaster Disaster

Risk of Disaster Risk from Disaster


Main Risk Factors (Causes)
External Sources of Risks

• Agents of Deterioration
• Natural Events e.g Hazards
Earthquakes, the Tsunami
•Human Activities e.g. Looting,
Armed Conflict

Inherent Weaknesses
of building / area

Physical, Social,
Vulnerability
Economic, Political,
Attitudinal…..
The Key Variables
Hazard X Vulnerability Disaster Risk

Extreme Slow Product Process


of Disaster from Disaster

Exposure to Progressive
Hazards

• Risk is the probability of negative consequences that may


arise when hazards interact with vulnerable areas, people,
property and environment.
Primary Building or Site Disaster
Hazard Risk
Potential Impact

Vulnerability
Factors

Secondary Secondary
Hazards Hazards
Capacity
• The resources and skills people possess, can
develop, mobilize and access, which allow
them to cope with disaster risks.

• Decrease in capacity leads to increase in


vulnerability and vice-versa.

Vulnerability Capacity
What are the impacts of disasters?

• Lives of people
• Shelter
• Livelihoods
• Social Impact
• Environmental / Ecological Impact
The Question???

We’re going to live where we want to live, whether that choice is


predicated by personal reasons or cultural and societal traditions.
We live in architecture, and that architecture must respond to many
climatic, aesthetic, and a myriad of other factors, but just as
important it must also respond to the threat of impending natural
disasters.

Buildings will sometimes fail. The building code does not


require a building that is impervious to destruction, but
rather designing and constructing a building to its
requirements enables a building to stand long enough for all
the occupants to vacate the building before it collapses.
Disaster and Development
• Disasters can impede development.

• Developmental context creates conditions for


disaster as much as disaster impacts
development.

• Disaster Reduction becomes part of


sustainable development initiatives.
This total subject assignment will be in form of presentation and architectural drawings and
will be executed in 3 parts.

ASSIGNMENT 1and 2: Analyzing Disasters with respect to hazards

A1
1.Characteristic of the primary hazard i.e. Tsunami, floods etc
2.Background of the hazard
3.Associated secondary hazards
4.Associated vulnerability factors
5.Potential primary and secondary impacts
(Comparative analysis of three events as follows:
•Introduction of the event
•Details as in aftermath, loss,
•Causes
•Primary and secondary hazards
•Primary and secondary effects
Physical, social and economic impacts of the disaster)

A2
Risk reduction strategies ( pre and post) for the above with examples

Assignment 3: Preparation of DRR plan

A3
Disaster risk reduction plan (DRR) for the one building

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