MIND

The Age of Industrialisation

Before the Industrial Revolution

Proto-Industrialisation Conditions in the Countryside Coming up of Factories Peace of Industrial Change

Network of commercial
? Disappearance of open-fields and
? Earliest factories in England came
? Demand for iron and steel increased
?
exchange controlled by the common lands led the cottagers and up in 1730 s. with the expansion of railways.
merchants. poor peasants to search alternative work. Cotton became the leading sector
? Traditional industries could not be
?
Merchants from towns and
? Started working for the merchants to
? in the 1st phase of industrialization. easily replaced by the new technology
cities began moving to the supplement for their shrinking income. Rechard Arkwright inverted the
? Slow technological changes due to
?
countryside. cotton mill. high cost of machines.

Hand Labour and Steam Power Industrialisation in the Colonies-India

Case of Textile Industries

Importance of Hand Labour Life Of Workers

Cheap labour preferred over high

? Large scale migration to cities in
? The Age of Indian Textiles Condition of Wavers
cost machines. search of jobs.
Preference to manual labour.
? Job seekers had to wait weeks,
?
Silk and Cotton goods from India
? Direct control over the weavers
?
Labour needed to make designs
? spending nights on road.
dominated the international textile market. by the East India Company
and shapes of goods which was Workers became jobless after
?
India was connected to the Gulf and the
? Gomastha, a paid servant,
?
impossible through machines. season of work get over.
Red sea ports by Surat in Gujarat. supervised weavers.
Hand made products preferred
? Fear of unemployment made
?
European companies gained power and
? Price received by weavers for
?
by aristocrats and bourgeoisie in workers hostile to the introduction
monopoly rights. work was low.
Victorian Britain. of new technology.
European companies controlled trade
? Weavers revolted against the
?
through new ports of Calcutta and Mumbai. company.

Factories in India Manchester Comes to India

1854 First Cotton 1860s- Elgin mill Exports of British Cotton goods increased in the early 19th Century
?
mill in Bombay. in Kanpur. First spinning Factories in India began production, flooding the markets with machine-
?
and 1874 made goods.
weaving mill Weaving industry decayed and died.
?
1855- First Jute Mill in 1861 First Cotton in Madras.
Bengal; another in 1862 Mill in Ahmedabad
The Peculiarities of Industrial Growth
Important Aspects
Important aspects Later

The Early Entrepreneurs Availability of Workers Earlier First world war created a new situation.
?
Manchester imports into India
?
Dwarkanath Tagore iin Bengal
? Workers in Bombay
? declined.
European agencies established Tea and
?
involved in trade with China. cotton industries Indian factories were called upon to
?
Coffee plantations, invested in mining.
came from supply war needs.
Dinshaw Petit and Jamsetjee
? Indian businessmen avoided competition
?
Nusserwanjee Tata built huge neighbouring district with Manchester goods.
industrial empires in India. of Ratnagiri. Small Scale Industries
Seth Hukumchand, a marwari
? Workers in Kanpur
?
businessman set up first Indian mills came from Market for Most of the workers worked in small workshops and household units.
?
Jute Mill in Calcutta in 1917. nearby district. Goods Technological changes and other small innovations made the
?
handloom cloth production rise.
Different Ways to Advertise Products

Advertisements Lables Images Printing Calendars Figures of Nawabs

Make products appear desirable
? Needed to make the name
? Images of Indian Gods
? Calendars printed to
? Figures of nawabs
?
and necessary. and place of manufacture and Goddesses to make popularize the products. on product to follow
Shape the minds of people
? and company familiar to the the product familiar to Mainly to attract people
? the royal people.
Shape a new consumer culture
? buyer the Indian masses. who could not read.