B. Sc.

Examination by course unit 2011

MTH5102 Calculus III

Duration: 2 hours

Date and time: 06 June 2011, 10:00am

Apart from this page, you are not permitted to read the contents of
this question paper until instructed to do so by an invigilator.

You should attempt all questions. Marks awarded are shown next to the
questions.

Calculators are NOT permitted in this examination. The unauthorized

use of a calculator constitutes an examination offence.
Complete all rough workings in the answer book and cross through
any work which is not to be assessed.
Candidates should note that the Examination and Assessment Regu-
lations state that possession of unauthorized materials by any candidate
who is under examination conditions is an assessment offence. Please
check your pockets now for any notes that you may have forgotten that
are in your possession. If you have any, then please raise your hand and
give them to an invigilator now.
Exam papers must not be removed from the examination room.
Examiner(s): W.J. Sutherland, D. Tsiklauri

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 Page 2 MTH5102 (2011)

Question 1 [10]

(a) Find the gradient of V = x2 + 4y 2 + 9z 2

(b) For V given above, describe the surface V = 56
(c) Find an equation for the plane tangent to this surface at the point whose
position vector is
P = 4i + j − 2k

Question 2 [12]

(a) A cycloid is represented in parametric form by

x = a(t − sin t) , y = a(1 − cos t)

where a is a constant and t is the parameter. Evaluate the arc-length of the

cycloid between the points with t = 0 and t = 2π.

(b) Another curve is given in plane polar coordinates by r = b cos 3θ , where b is

a constant. Sketch this curve, and evaluate the area enclosed inside one loop
with −π/6 ≤ θ ≤ +π/6.

Question 3 [10]

F·dr , where F = (x+3y 2 ) i+5z j+2x2 k , and C is the

R
Evaluate the line integral C
curve from (0, 0, 0) to (2, 1, 1) described in parametric form as C : r = 2ti+t2 j+t3 k,
where the parameter t has the range 0 ≤ t ≤ 1 .

Question 4 [10]

(a) Given a scalar field U and a vector field F, write down the expressions for the
gradient, ∇U , and the divergence, ∇ · F , in Cartesian coordinates.

(b) The rule for divergence of a product is

∇ · (U F) = U ∇ · F + (∇U ) · F .

In the above formula, for each of the following terms, state whether it is a
scalar field or a vector field :

UF ; ∇ · (U F) ; ∇U ; (∇U ) · F

(c) Prove that ∇×∇U = 0 , explaining any differentiability conditions you assume.

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 MTH5102 (2011) Page 3

Question 5 [12]

(a) State Stokes’ Theorem for a vector field F, defining the terms used and any
required conditions.

(b) The vector field F is given by F = (x2 − 2y)i + (2x − z)j + (y + 2

R z )k .
Using Stokes’ Theorem, or otherwise, evaluate the line integral C F · dr, where
C is the unit circle x2 + y 2 = 1, z = 0, traversed counterclockwise starting and
finishing at the point (1, 0, 0).

Question 6 [12]

For each of the following vector fields F, calculate the curl, ∇ × F :

(a) F = xz i + yz j + z 2 k ,

(b) F = (3x2 + 2y) i + 2x j + k .

For each of the vector fields above: if there exists a scalar field U such that F = ∇U ,
find the most general U ; otherwise, give Ra reason why no such scalar field U exists.
For the field in (b) above, explain why C F · dr around any closed curve C is zero.

Question 7 [10]

In cylindrical polar coordinates (ρ, φ, z), the position vector is given by

r = ρ cos φ i + ρ sin φ j + z k .

(a) Calculate ∂r/∂ρ, ∂r/∂φ, and ∂r/∂z, and show they are mutually orthogonal.

(b) Hence prove that the area element, dS, on a surface of constant ρ is

dS = ρ eρ dφ dz

where eρ is the unit vector in the direction of increasing ρ.

(c) The vector field F is defined in cylindrical polar coordinates by

F = ρ2 z cos2 φ eρ + sin φ eφ .
R
Evaluate the surface integral S F · dS , where S is the surface of the cylinder
ρ = a, 0 ≤ z ≤ b, where a, b are constants and the normal is taken in the
outward direction.

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 Page 4 MTH5102 (2011)

Question 8 [12]

(a) Show that the function f (x) with period 2π whose values in −π ≤ x ≤ π are
given by f (x) = x has the Fourier series representation
∞
X (−1)n+1
S(x) = 2 sin nx .
n
n=1

Explain briefly why there are no terms proportional to cos nx in the above
series.

(b) By applying Parseval’s theorem to the above series, prove that

∞
X 1 π2
= .
n2 6
n=1

Question 9 [12]

(a) A two-dimensional solution of Laplace’s equation, ∇2 U = 0, in Cartesian co-

ordinates has the form
U (x, y) = f (x) sinh ky .
Find the most general form of f (x), justifying your answer.

(b) State (without proof) the Uniqueness theorem for solutions of Laplace’s equa-
tion within a three-dimensional volume V , explaining the required conditions.

(c) The function U (x, y) satisfies Laplace’s equation in the interior of the unit
square 0 ≤ x ≤ 1, 0 ≤ y ≤ 1. The boundary values are given by
U (x, 1) = sin 4πx on the side with y = 1, and U = 0 on the other three sides
of the unit square. Find the particular solution U (x, y).

End of Paper

( An Appendix of one page follows )

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 MTH5102 (2011) Page 5

Appendix

You are reminded of the following, which you may use without proof:

In orthogonal curvilinear coordinates (u1 , u2 , u3 ), with corresponding unit vectors

e1 , e2 , e3 and arc-length parameters h1 , h2 , h3 , the gradient of a scalar field f is
given by

1 ∂f 1 ∂f 1 ∂f
∇f = e1 + e2 + e3 .
h1 ∂u1 h2 ∂u2 h3 ∂u3

The divergence of a vector field F = F1 e1 + F2 e2 + F3 e3 is given by

 
1 ∂ ∂ ∂
∇.F = (h2 h3 F1 ) + (h3 h1 F2 ) + (h1 h2 F3 ) ,
h1 h2 h3 ∂u1 ∂u2 ∂u3

and the curl of the same vector field is given by

 
 h 1 e1 h 2 e2 h3 e3 
1 
∇×F =  ∂/∂u1 ∂/∂u2 ∂/∂u3  .
h1 h2 h3 
h 1 F1 h 2 F2 h 3 F3 

In spherical polar coordinates (u1 , u2 , u3 ) ≡ (r, θ, φ), the arc-length parameters are
h1 = 1, h2 = r, h3 = r sin θ.
In cylindrical polar coordinates (u1 , u2 , u3 ) ≡ (ρ, φ, z), the arc-length parameters
are
h1 = 1, h2 = ρ, h3 = 1.

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