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Amelogenesis: Prof. Shaleen Chandra

The document summarizes the process of amelogenesis, or enamel formation. It describes the six stages of ameloblast development from morphogenic to desmolytic. It also explains how ameloblasts secrete enamel matrix through Tomes' processes, contributing to enamel rods. Finally, it outlines the two-stage process of enamel matrix mineralization and maturation from the dentin outward and cervically.

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Sheshayi Roy
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1K views16 pages

Amelogenesis: Prof. Shaleen Chandra

The document summarizes the process of amelogenesis, or enamel formation. It describes the six stages of ameloblast development from morphogenic to desmolytic. It also explains how ameloblasts secrete enamel matrix through Tomes' processes, contributing to enamel rods. Finally, it outlines the two-stage process of enamel matrix mineralization and maturation from the dentin outward and cervically.

Uploaded by

Sheshayi Roy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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AMELOGENESIS

Prof. Shaleen Chandra


Epithelial Enamel Organ
• Outer Enamel
Epithelium
• Stellate
Reticulum
• Stratum
Intermedium
• Inner Enamel
Epithelium
• Cervical Loop

Prof. Shaleen Chandra


Life Cycle of Ameloblasts
• Morphogenic stage
• Organizing Stage
• Formative Stage
• Maturative Stage
• Protective Stage
• Desmolytic Stage

Prof. Shaleen Chandra


Morphogenic Stage

• Cell Short Columnar


• Large oval nucleus
• Golgi apparatus and
mitochondria are
located at proximal
end

Prof. Shaleen Chandra


Organizing Stage
• Cells become Longer
• Reversal of Polarity occurs by migration
of Golgi apparatus and centrioles to
distal parts of the cell.
• Nuclei shifts to the Proximal part of the
cell.
• Amount of Rough E. R. increases
• Basal lamina supporting ameloblasts
disintegrates after dentin formation
• change in nutritional supply of
ameloblasts occurs

Prof. Shaleen Chandra


Formative Stage
• This stage starts after first
layer of Dentin is laid down
• Development of a blunt
process occurs on ameloblast
surface.
• It penetrates basal lamina to
enter predentin

Prof. Shaleen Chandra


Maturative or Mineralizing Stage
• Enamel maturation occurs after
most of Enamel Matrix in occlusal
or incisal areas is laid down
• Ameloblasts are slightly reduced in
length with appearance of microvilli
at their distal surface
• Most of the organelles associated
with formation of enamel are
enclosed in phagocytic vacuoles
and are digested by lysosomal
enzymes

Prof. Shaleen Chandra


Protective Stage
• After mineralization of Enamel is complete,
ameloblasts loose their striated boarder and also the
shape.
• These cells form the reduced enamel epithelium over
the newly formed enamel. It prevents connective
tissue from coming in contact of enamel till eruption
occurs

Prof. Shaleen Chandra


Desmolytic Stage
• The reduced enamel epithelium induces atrophy of connective tissue
separating it from Oral epithelium and helps in eruption of tooth.
• Premature degeneration of REE can result in soft tissue impaction of
tooth due to failure of desmolysis of connective tissue between tooth
and oral epithelium

Prof. Shaleen Chandra


Amelogenesis

• Consists of two processes:


• Formation of Enamel Matrix
• Mineralization

Prof. Shaleen Chandra


Formation of Enamel Matrix
• Secretory activity of ameloblasts starts after some of the dentin is laid
down.
• Dentinoenamel Membrane
• Because of presence of this membrane, Enamel rods are not in direct
contact with Dentin

Prof. Shaleen Chandra


Development of Tomes Processes
• Surface of Ameloblasts producing
enamel is rough. They inter-digitate
with enamel rods produced by
them.
• The long axis of enamel rods is not
parallel to long axis of ameloblasts.
• The projections of Ameloblasts into
enamel Matrix are called as Tomes’
Processes.
• These processes contain typical
secretory granules, rough E. R. &
Mitochondria

Prof. Shaleen Chandra


• Secretion of Enamel matrix from
Secretary granules occurs via
narrow channels
• Each Ameloblast contributes to
four E. Rods, and each E. Rod is
formed by four Ameloblasts
• Head is secreted by one
ameloblast and tail is secreted by
three different ameloblasts

Prof. Shaleen Chandra


Distal Terminal Bars:
-These separate Tomes processes from cell proper
-These are localized condensations of cytoplasmic substance.
-They are closely associated with thickened cell wall.
-Function is not well understood

Ameloblasts covering mature Enamel are shorter and


have a morphology of absorptive cells showing villi &
Mitochondria
Organic contents as well as water is lost from E. Matrix
during mineralization, almost 90% of initially secreted
protein is lost during maturation and what remains
forms envelop around individual crystals

Prof. Shaleen Chandra


Mineralization and Maturation of Enamel Matrix
• Occurs in two stages
• In first stage immediate partial mineralization of matrix occurs in organic
matrix segments and inter-prismatic segments as they are laid down This
initial influx of minerals accounts for 25-30% of total mineral content.
• Second stage or maturation: characterized by completion of mineralization. It
begins at cusp tips and progresses cervically. However with each rod,
mineralization begins at the dentinal end.

Prof. Shaleen Chandra


Clinical Considerations
• Enamel Caries: Pits & Fissures, E. Lamellae
• Cavity Preparation
• Shade Selection
• Acid Etching
• Fluoridation
• Bleaching
• Lateral Spread of Caries at DEJ
• Dens Invaginatus

Prof. Shaleen Chandra

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