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Electromagnetic Waves & Electromagnetic Spectrum

Electromagnetic waves travel through space as vibrations in electric and magnetic fields. They form a spectrum based on wavelength and frequency, ranging from gamma rays with the highest energy to radio waves. Electromagnetic waves have diverse applications including communication technologies like radio and television, medical imaging, cooking with microwaves, remote controls, and satellite navigation.

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Ruperto Alarilla Palomaria Jr.
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40 views3 pages

Electromagnetic Waves & Electromagnetic Spectrum

Electromagnetic waves travel through space as vibrations in electric and magnetic fields. They form a spectrum based on wavelength and frequency, ranging from gamma rays with the highest energy to radio waves. Electromagnetic waves have diverse applications including communication technologies like radio and television, medical imaging, cooking with microwaves, remote controls, and satellite navigation.

Uploaded by

Ruperto Alarilla Palomaria Jr.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES & ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM

ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
 Transverse waves without a medium
 travel through empty space
 They travel as vibrations in electrical and magnetic fields.
 Have some magnetic and some electrical properties to them.
 When an electric field changes, so does the magnetic field. The changing magnetic field causes the electric field
to change. When one field vibrates—so does the other.
 RESULT - electromagnetic wave.
 Electromagnetic waves travel VERY FAST – around 300,000,000 meters per second or 3 x 108 m/s (the speed of
light).
At this speed they can go around the world 8 times in one second.
 Electromagnetic radiation has properties of waves but also can be thought of as a stream of particles.
 Electromagnetic Spectrum—name for the range of electromagnetic waves when placed in order of increasing
frequency
 All electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed. (300,000,000 meters/second) in a vacuum.
 They all have different wavelengths and different frequencies.
 Long wavelength=>lowest frequency
 Short wavelength=> highest frequency
 The higher the frequency the higher the energy.
THE ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELDS TOGETHER
 Accelerating electrons produce electromagnetic fields
 Electromagnetic waves are a combination of electric and magnetic fields.
 A changing magnetic field produces an electric field and a changing electric field produces a magnetic field
 Both the electric field and magnetic field oscillate perpendicular to each other resulting to an electromagnetic
wave
 All electromagnetic wave can travel through a medium and they can also travel in vacuum
 They travel in vacuum at a speed of 3 x 108 m/s and denoted as c, the speed of light
 v= λf
 In electromagnetic waves,
 c= λf
 c- speed of light (m/s)
 λ- wavelength (m)
 f- frequency (Hz)
GAMMA RAYS
 Have the shortest wavelengths and highest frequencies in the EM spectrum.
 Carry the greatest amount of energy
 Are the most penetrating of all of the electromagnetic waves .
 They usually come from radioactive elements or stars
USES OF GAMMA RAYS
 Kill microbes and use to sterilize (known as irradiated food)
 Sterilize medical equipment
 Used to examine internal body structures (RADIOACTIVE TRACERS)
 A patient will be injected with fluid that emits gamma rays
 The gamma ray detector can form an image of the inside of the body
 Gamma Knife surgery
-Is a ‘knife’ surgery that use gamma rays to cut tissues. It also called knifeless surgery Radiation treatment
(radiotherapy) to destroy cancer and other disorder.
MICROWAVES
 They have smaller wavelengths and higher frequencies than radio waves.
USES OF MICROWAVES
 Used in microwave ovens to cook and heat food.
 Used by cell phones and pagers
 Used in Satellite Communication
 Used by radars
 RADAR- stands for Radio Detection And Ranging
 A radar system is consists of an antenna, transmitter, and a receiver.
 Radar is a system that uses reflected radio waves to detect objects and measure their distance and speed
 Used to transmit television news coverage from mobile broadcast vehicles back to the station.
INFRARED
 Lies beyond the red end of the visible light.
 Infrared waves are heat waves.
 It is emitted by all objects. All objects emit infrared waves because all objects possess heat.
 Heat can be transferred through infrared radiation.
 We often think of infrared as being the same thing as 'heat', because it makes our skin feel warm.
 Red & yellow are hot, blue & green are cool.
USES OF INFRARED
 For medical diagnoses and treatment
 Most of you might have seen infra-red waves in use during the SARS period. It shows a thermo-detector which is
placed outside hospitals and airport to identify the warm and cool parts of a person by analyzing infrared
radiation emitted from the person’s body. And through this we can see if someone is having a fever.
 Used to warm injured muscles/sports injuries
 Infrared remote controls are used in TVs, video, casette recorders, and other electronic appliances.
 Night vision goggles detect infrared waves and allow the user to see the movement of objects in the dark.
 For navigation through fog & haze as it is less easily scattered compared to visible light.
 Infrared photographs taken from satellites with special films provide useful details of the vegetation on the
Earth’s surface.
 Used to read CD-ROMs
 Used in heat lamps

ULTRA VIOLET RAYS


 Lies just beyond the violet end of the visible spectrum
 Have shorter wavelengths than the visible light
 Carry more energy than visible light
 This energy is great enough to damage or kill living cells.
USES OF UV RAYS
 Used by banks to check the signature on a passbook
 Used to identify fake/counterfeit banknotes
 Used to kill bacteria in hospitals/sterilize medical equipments
 Used in sterilizing water from drinking fountains
 Washing powders contains fluorescent chemicals that glow in sunlight making shirts look whiter than white
in daylight.
 Treats jaundice in newborn babies
 Tanning beds
 Small doses of UV rays are useful. They can cause skin cells to produce Vitamin D.
 Too much exposure can be harmful: burn your skin/sunburn, cause skin cancer, and damage your eyes.

RADIO WAVES
 Have the longest wavelengths and lowest frequencies of all the electromagnetic waves.
 They are used to transmit sound and picture information over long distances.
Band Frequency Range Wavelength Range Application
Extremely low frequency (ELF) < 3kHz >100 km
Very low frequency (VLF) 3 – 30 Hz 10 – 100 km
Low frequency (LF) 30 – 300 kHz 1 – 10 km Radio Communication
Medium frequency (MF) 300 kHz – 3 MHz 100m – 1km Radio Communication
(AM radio broadcasting)
High frequency (HF) 3 – 30 MHz 10 – 100m Radio Communication
(AM radio broadcasting)
Very high frequency (VHF) 30 – 300 MHz 1 – 10 m Radio Communication
(FM radio broadcasting)
TV broadcasting
Ultra high frequency (UHF) 300 MHz – 3 GHz 10cm – 1m Radio Communication
(FM radio broadcasting)
TV broadcasting
Super high frequency (SHF) 3 – 30 GHz 1 – 10 cm Radio Communication
Satellite Communication
Extremely high frequency (EHF) 30 – 300 GHz 1mm – 1 cm
USES OF RADIO WAVES
 Radio communication
 TV broadcasting
 Satellite communication
 Radio stations change sound to EM waves & then your radio receiver changes the EM waves back to sound
waves again.
Difference between AM and FM radio waves
 AM stands for amplitude modulation.
 In AM amplitude changes but frequency does not.
 AM radio signals will travel great distances so a single transmitter can cover large areas.
 There cant be too many AM radio signals in one area as the signals will overlap one another.
 AM=Amplitude modulation—waves bounce off ionosphere can pick up stations from different cities.
 (535kHz-1605kHz= vibrate at 535 to 1605 thousand times/second)
 Am radio station in Iloilo:
DYFM – 837 kHz
DYRI – 774 KHz
AKSYON RADYO – 720 kHz
 FM stands for Frequency Modulation
 In FM radio stations transmit broadcast information by changing the frequency of the carrier wave. The
strength of FM waves is always the same and is in megahertz.
 FM signals are known to offer better signal quality than AM but the range is far less.
 Due to the range being far worse multiple transmitters are needed cover the same area as one AM
transmitter would.
 FM=Frequency modulation—waves travel in a straight line & through the ionosphere--lose reception
when you travel out of range.
(88MHz-108MHz = vibrate at 88million to 108million times/second)

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