To Simulate, Design & Implementation Of Maximum Power

Harvesting Of Solar Energy By Using DC-DC Converter

Shubham Tapase, Shubham Vairagade Praful Hulkey
Department of Electrical Engineering Department of Electrical Engineering
DMIETR, Wardha DMIETR, Wardha
India India
line 4-e-mail address if desired line 4-e-mail address if desired

Abstract— Day by day non-renewable energy source replenished it is main concern to improve the efficiency of this technology.
in the world may be up coming years this sources will be Although solar charge available throughout the day its
completely finished. And this sources will not fulfill irradiation varies from morning to evening with changing
requirements. Today itself is necessary to move toward climatic condition. Because of this limitation it’s necessary to
renewable energy source. India developed world largest solar
use intermediate power processor which gives maximum
power plant has 648 MW capacity in kerla. But problem with
renewable sources are installation cost is high and efficiency is desirable output with respective to the change in input.
low. A dc-dc converter act as an intermediate power processor
Photovoltaic energy is infinite source of renewable energy. Solar between the load and the PV module Which transfer
energy has main advantages is that clean, maintenance free and maximum power from solar PV panel to the connected load.
space limited area compare to the other type of renewable energy MPPT is a technique which track this peak power and convey
which can be space consuming. one of method to improve the it to load at all time. MPPT in a basically dc-dc converter
efficiency of photovoltaic system by using intermediate power whose duty cycle is adjusted for drawing the amount of
processor which changes the current and voltage levels such that current so that the system operates in maximum power point.
maximum power can be extracted.
In MPPT commonly used technique is the P&O algorithm.
In this project, we analyze the design and simulation of the
electrical operation of a photovoltaic (PV) system. Photovoltaic The P&O algorithm perturbs the operating point of the PV
energy are used as renewable energy system. Photovoltaic (PV) module by increasing or decreasing a control parameter by a
cells are used to generate dc voltages and given to DC-DC small amount and measuring the PV array output before and
converter. Designing of converter gives constant output. DC-DC after the perturbation. If the power increases, the algorithm
converter used as Buck type of converter. The converter output is continuous to perturb the system in the same direction;
given to battery. Buck converter gives constant output which will otherwise the system is perturbed in the opposite direction.
controlled by PWM controller and feedback control system. A As shown in block diagram, system is consists of a PV
maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm technique is panel, controller circuit, buck converter and a battery. It is
used to track the peak power to maximize the produced energy.
equipped with analog to digital converters and PWM
This algorithm will identify the suitable duty cycle ratio in which
buck converter should operate to maximum point. The MPPT controller. A/D converter used to convert signal coming from
algorithm is important in increasing the efficiency of the system. current and voltage sensors.

Keywords—component; formatting; style; styling; insert (key

words)
II. BASIC CHARACTERISTICS OF PV MODULE
I. INTRODUCTION A. Circuit Configuration
As we all know that, Non-Renewable energy source are A solar cell is an electronic device which directly convert
depleting day by day it is necessary to used maximum sunlight into electricity. solar irradiation falls on solar cell
renewable energy as much as possible. The increasing demand produces both current and voltage to generate electric power.
for electricity and decreasing rate of the stored energy is the Figure 1 shows widely used single diode equivalent circuit
main cause for choosing the renewable energy. As non model to represent the characteristics of PV panel for
renewable energy source cause various harmful effect to the analyzing and simulation of PV system. The model represent
atmosphere .But in renewable energy source there is not such photovoltaic panel as a current source Iph in shunt with single
effect on atmosphere renewable energy source are clean, diode and resistor Rsh as well as series resistor Rs.
maintenance-free and also renewable energy are exists in large
quantity in our nature out of all renewable energy source solar
energy are available anywhere in large quantity. But it is
clearly seen that it is necessary to reduce manufacturing cost
and increase the efficiency of solar energy conversion system.
Because of performance of the PV module not desirable. Now
 Isc2

. .

Short Circuit Current(Isc)

.
MPP
Isc1
Isc3

Figure 1. Equivalent circuit of solar cell

The output current from the Photovoltaic module is

Voc3 Voc1 Voc2
I=I p h -I d (1)
Open Circuit Voltage(Voc)
I d =I 0 (e q v d / K T -1) (2 )
Figure 2. I-V characteristics of PV module
S ub s ti t ut i n g eq u at io n ( 2 ) i n ( 1 )
W e g et,
I=I p h -I 0 (e q V d / K T -1) (3 )
B ut , Vo lt a ge a cro ss D io d e ( V d )
V d =(V+IR s )/N (4 )
S ub s ti t ut i n g eq u at io n ( 4 ) i n ( 3 )
I=I p h -I 0 (e q ( V + I R s ) / N K T -1) (5 )
MPP

Power(W)
W her e,
I is the Output Voltage of PV module,
Id is the Diode current ,
I0 is the reverse saturation current of cell,
V is the output voltage of the cell,
q stands for electron charge (1.602 ×10-19C),
Voc3 Voc1 Voc2
K is the Boltzman constant.(1.38×10-23 J/K), Open Circuit Voltage(Voc)

N is the no. of diode in series to form single diode Figure 3. P-V characteristics of PV module
model And T is the junction temperature in Kelvin. C. Analysis of voltage variation with respect to time of PV
Table 1.SPECIFICATION OF PV MODULE module

SPECIFICATION VALUE
Rated Power 70 W

Open circuit Voltage(Voc) >21V

Short Circuit current(Isc) 3.33A

Maximum Voltage(Vm) 17.5V

Maximum Current(Im) 4A

B. Output characteristics of PV module

The I-V Characteristics of a PV system for different

irradiances as shown in fig.2&3 from the study we see that
both power and current level increase with increased level of Figure 4.Voltage vs time variation of PV module
irradiation at constant temperature on the other hand voltage
remain relatively constant for different Irradiation.
4. DC-DC BUCK CONVERTER 6. SIMULINK MODEL OF COMPLETE SYSTEM
The dc-dc buck converter converts a higher dc input
voltage to lower dc output voltage. The basic buck converter The solar panel is designed using matlab shown in figure 7
structure is shown figure 5. It consist of controlled switch s, an With 36 solar cell connected in series according to the power
uncontrolled switch diode D, an inductor L, an capacitor C, requirement and its voltage, current and power are measure
and a load resistance R. under various weather condition.

Figure 5. Buck converter circuit

In a buck converter, the duty cycle (D), i.e., the ratio of “ON”
time to Total time period is given as

Figure 7.Simulink model of Solar Panel

Where, Similarly, the buck converter is also designed by using matlab

Vin and VO are the input and output voltage of the buck in order to transfer maximum power from solar panel to the
converter. load as shown as
Equations for the selection of Inductor,

Equations for the selection of Capacitor,

ΔIL
COUT =
8× fs × ΔVout
Here, Switching frequency denoted by fs; ΔIL is the inductor
current ripple and ΔVout is output voltage ripple.

5.BLOCK DIAGRAM

Figure 8.Simulink model of Close loop Buck Converter

Table 2. Buck converter specification

Specification Value

Input voltage 17.5 V DC

Output voltage 12 V DC
Switching frequency 50 kHz
Duty cycle 70 %
Inductance 47µH
Capacitance 220 µF
Figure 6. Block diagram of complete PV system
Required output of buck converter as shown in below figure 9
of input 17.5v dc.

Figure 9. output result of close loop buck converter

7. MPPT TECHNIQUE
Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is the indirect
technique to increase the efficiency of the PV panel. For the Figure 10.P&O algorithm
MPPT process, it will work continuously to make the system
to operate at or around the MPP. There are many methods to 8.CONCLUSION
track the MPP. The most common and basic method that can In this paper, an optimized MPPT technique along with buck
be applied to track the maximum power is the perturb and converter is designed for solar system .our objective is to
observe method (P&O method). reduce the settling time of an output power by comparing
A principle of the P&O method works by adjusting the output voltage with the input voltage. Also this paper provide
duty cycle of the converter, which indirectly perturb the power low cost microcontroller based fast response MPPT technique.
output of the PV. Then, the system compares the new power to P&O algorithm is used to track maximum power point
the previous power to determine the next adjustment. Let’s irrespective of irradiation, temperature and load condition.
define the difference of the PV power output as MPPT algorithm responds in very fast manner and its
dP=P(k)-P(k-1) (1) accuracy is higher that it reaches ti steady state very quickly.
 If the value P(k)>P(k-1) is positive, the system will Hence the results obtained at different environmental
adjust voltage(increase or decrease the voltage) by condition are found to be satisfactory.
adjusting the duty cycle of the converter in the same
direction. 9. REFERENCES
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