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Imogene King.

Imogene King developed the Goal-Attainment Theory, which views nursing as an interaction between nurse and patient to set mutually agreed upon goals and work to achieve them. The theory proposes three interacting systems - personal, interpersonal, and social - that influence nurse-patient interactions. If goals are achieved through effective communication and role congruence between nurse and patient, it will lead to patient satisfaction and effective nursing care. King's theory emphasizes the importance of the nurse-patient relationship and communication in helping patients attain goals that promote health.

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4K views4 pages

Imogene King.

Imogene King developed the Goal-Attainment Theory, which views nursing as an interaction between nurse and patient to set mutually agreed upon goals and work to achieve them. The theory proposes three interacting systems - personal, interpersonal, and social - that influence nurse-patient interactions. If goals are achieved through effective communication and role congruence between nurse and patient, it will lead to patient satisfaction and effective nursing care. King's theory emphasizes the importance of the nurse-patient relationship and communication in helping patients attain goals that promote health.

Uploaded by

Miles Ratio
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Theory: The Goal-Attainment Theory

Theorist: Imogene King

 Born on Jan. 30, 1923, in West Point, Iowa.


 Earned a diploma in nursing from St. Johns Hospital of Nursing in St. Louis, Missouri,
in 1945.
 Did BS in 1948, MS in 1957 and edD in 1961 from Teachers College, Columbia
University, New York.
 Published TOWARD A THEORY OF NURSING:GENERAL CONCEPTS OF HUMAN
BEHAVIOR in 1971
 Proposed A THEORY FOR NURSING: SYSTEMS, CONCEPTS AND PROCESS IN
1981.
 Died on 24 December, 2007

Metaparadigm

Person- a person existing in an open system as a spiritual being and rational thinker who makes
choices, selects alternative courses of action, and has ability to record their history through their
own language and symbols, unique, holistic and have different needs, wants and goals.

Health- The ability of a person to adjust to the stressors that the internal and external
environment exposes to the client.

Environment- The process of balance involving internal and external interactions inside the
social system.

Nursing- An act wherein the nurse interacts and communicates with the client.

MAJOR CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS

3 interacting framework

1. PERSONAL- How the nurse views and integrates self based from personal goals and
beliefs
 Growth and development can be defined as the processes in people’s lives
through which they move from a potential for the achievement to the actualization
of self.
 Body image as the way one perceives both one’s body and others’ reactions to
one’s appearance.
 Space includes that space exists in all directions, is the same everywhere, and is
defined by the physical area known as “territory” and by the behaviors of those
occupying it.
 Time is defined as “a duration between one event and another as uniquely
experienced by each human being; it is the relation of one event to another event.”

2. INTERPERSONAL- How the nurse interrelates with co-workers or patient particularly


in nurse patient relationship
 Interactions are defined as the observable behaviors of two or more individuals
in mutual presence.
 Communication as “a process whereby information is given from one person to
another either directly in a face-to-face meeting or indirectly through telephone,
television, or the written word.”
 Transactions as “a process of interactions in which human beings communicate
with the environment to achieve goals that are valued… goal-directed human
behaviours.
 Role include reciprocity in that a person may be a giver at one time and a taker at
another time, with a relationship between two or more individuals who are
functioning in two or more roles that learned, social, complex, and situational.
 Stress is “a dynamic state whereby a human being interacts with the
environment to maintain balance for growth, development, and performance,
which involves an exchange of energy and information between the person and
the environment for regulation and control of stressors.”

3. SOCIAL- How the nurse interacts with co workers, superior, subordinates and the client
environment in general
 Power is the capacity to use resources in organizations to achieve goals… is the
process whereby one or more persons influence other persons in a situation
 Status is “the position of an individual in a group or a group in relation to other
groups in an organization” and is identified that status is accompanied by
“privileges, duties, and obligation.”
 Decision making is “a dynamic and systematic process by which goal-directed
choice of perceived alternatives is made and acted upon by individuals or groups
to answer a question and attain a goal” (King, 1990).
 Control as a sub concept in the social system but did not further define the
concept

ACTION - Behavior or activities that are towards the accomplishment of certain act.

REACTION- Not specified but somehow elates reaction as part of action.

INTERACTION- Any situation wherein the nurse relates and deals with a client or patient.

PROPOSITIONS

 If perceptual congruence is present in nurse-client interactions, transactions will occur.


 If nurse and client make transactions, goals will be attained.
 If goals are attained, satisfaction will occur.
 If goals are attained, effective nursing care will occur.
 If transactions are made in nurse-client interactions, growth and development will be
enhanced.
 If role expectations and role performance as perceived by nurse and client congruent,
transactions will occur.
 If role conflict is experienced by the nurse or client or both, stress in nurse-clients
interactions will occur.
 If nurses with special knowledge and skills communicate appropriate information to
clients, mutual goal setting and goal attainment will occur.

ASSUMPTIONS

1. The focus of nursing is the care of the human being (patient).

2. The goal of nursing is the health care of both individuals and groups.

3. Human beings are open systems interacting with their environments constantly.

4. The nurse and patient communicate information, set goals mutually, and then act to
achieve those goals.

This is also the basic assumption of the nursing process.


1. Patients perceive the world as a complete person making transactions with individuals
and things in the environment.

2. Transaction represents a life situation in which the perceiver and the thing being
perceived are encountered. It also represents a life situation in which a person enters the
situation as an active participant. Each is changed in the process of these experiences.

ACCEPTANCE IN THE NURSING COMMUNITY

PRACTICE

Professionals have used King’s theory in different specialized area with the use of dynamic
interactive communication between the nurse and the client as a proof.

EDUCATION

King’s interacting system has been used to design the nursing curriculum in different schools and
universities and framework for nursing education.

RESEARCH

King’s theory has been one of theoretical basis of some researchers that helped in formulating a
system view of the application of the nursing practice.

ANALYSIS
CLARITY

A major strong point of king’s conceptual system and theory of goal attainment is the ease with
which it can be understood by nurses. Concepts are defined and illustrated.

SIMPLICITY

She maintains the simplicity of her theory even if she presented different complex concepts

GENERALITY

King’s theory has been said to have limited application for the nursing practice.

EMPIRICAL PRECISON

King’s theory was based on empirical data that are observed within the boundaries of the nurse-
patient relationship.

DERIVABLE CONSEQUENCES

Her theory can be applied to nursing process: Assessment, Planning, Implementation and
Evaluation.

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