CE513: Reinforced Concrete Design 2

1 Technical Paper 1

2 A Theoretical and Numerical Evaluation on the

3 Ductility of Reinforced Concrete Flexural Members
4 Due to the Effects of Varying Structural Parameters
5 Flordelyn Zerna Esgana1, Steven Joseph Incio2, Shariah Brittany Flores Melon3, Mary Ann Requina
6 Montecalvo4 and Jomaica Mabanag Tuayon5.
7 1 Affiliation 1; e-mail@e-mail.com
8 2 Affiliation 2; e-mail@e-mail.com
9 * Correspondence: e-mail@e-mail.com; Tel.: +XXX-XXX-XXXX

10 Research Instructor: Engr. Jesus B. Villafuerte Jr.

11 Date Submitted: October 1, 2019
12
13
Overview:
This research project aims to theoretically and numerically evaluate how varying structural
parameters affect the flexural ductility of a reinforced concrete member.

The objectives of this research work are as follows:

[1] To investigate how the increase or decrease of the structural parameters such as dimensions
of the reinforced concrete member, grade of steel, concrete cover, and steel reinforcements affect
Objectives
the ductility performance of a member;

[2] To determine the interrelation between ductility and flexural strength of a reinforced
concrete member; and

[3] To investigate if there are any other structural parameters that directly influences a member’s
flexural ductility.
14

15 Keywords: ductility, reinforced concrete member, dimensions, steel grade, reinforcements, flexural
16 strength
17
18

19 1. Theoretical Background

20 2. Significance of the Study

21 3. Scope and Limitations

22 4. Methodology

CE513, 1st Semester, S.Y. 2019-2020

 CE513, 1st Semester, S.Y. 2018-2019 Page 2 of 16

23 4.1. Procedure/Method Flow

24 This sub-section contains the experimental flow diagram in such a way that the flow of experimental method/s that answer the research
25 question/s is visualized. If the diagram is too large then you can print the file as tiles (e.g. the “tile large pages” option in printing a pdf). You may
26 present here as well the flow of how did you do the calculations.

27 Figure 1. Flow Diagram

28
 CE513, 1st Semester, S.Y. 2018-2019 Page 3 of 16

29 5. Results and Discussion

30 6. Conclusion

31 7. References
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32 8. Appendix

33 Part I.
34 A control RC section has a width of 300 mm and a height of 450 mm.
35 It is reinforced with 2-25 mmØ top bars and 3-25 mmØ bottom bars.
36 The specified concrete strength is 35 MPa (C35) and the specified steel
37 yield stress is 420 MPa (Grade 60). The code-specified minimum cover
38 concrete of 40 mm is observed. Assume a transverse reinforcement
39 diameter of 10 mm. Neglect the effect of confinement.
40
41 Calculate the following values at crack initiation (just before flexural
42 cracking and right after flexural cracking), flexural yielding, and ultimate stage for the 8 cases
43 enumerated below:
44 a. Depth of compression block
45 b. Curvature
46 c. Positive nominal flexural capacity
47

48 CASE 0 (Control Section)

49
50 I. JUST BEFORE CRACKING
51
52
53
54
387. 5 mm
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62 Step 1: Modular Ratio
63
64  Modulus of Elasticity of Steel:

65 Es= 200 000 Mpa

66  Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete:

67 Ec = 5000√𝑓𝑐′ = 5000√35 = 29,580.399 Mpa

68
𝐸𝑠 200000
69 Modular ratio: 𝑛 = = = 6.76
𝐸𝑐 29580.399

70
 CE513, 1st Semester, S.Y. 2018-2019 Page 5 of 16

71 Step 2: Locate the Neutral Axis

72  Effective Depth

73 d = 387.5 mm
74 d’= 62.5 mm

75  Gross Area

76 Ag= b x h = 300mm x 450mm = 135,000 mm2

77  Area of Tension Reinforcement

𝜋 𝜋
78 As = ( 𝑑 2 𝑁)= ( 252 ) (3) =1,472.622 mm2
4 4
79
80  Area of Compression Reinforcement
𝜋 𝜋
81 As’= ( 𝑑 2 𝑁) = ( 252 ) (2) = 981.748mm2
4 4
82
83  Area of Tension Reinforcement (For Transformed Section)

84 A1 = 𝐴𝑠 (𝑛 − 1)= (1,472.622 )(6.76 − 1) = 8,482.303 mm2

85  Area of Compression Reinforcement (For Transformed Section)

86 A2 = (𝐴𝑠 ′ )(𝑛 − 1)= (981.748)(6.76 − 1) = 5,654.868 mm2

87  Total Area:

88 AT = A1 + A2 + Ag = 8,482.303 + 5,654.869 + 135,000 = 149,137.172 mm2

89  Locate the Neutral Axis

90 AT ȳ= A1y1 + A2y2 + Ag yg

91 149,137.172 ȳ = 8,482.303(387.5) + (5,654.868)(62.5)+(135000)(225)

92 ȳ = 228.081 mm (from extreme compression fiber) = c

93

94 Step 3: Calculate the Moment of Inertia of Transformed, Uncracked Section

95

96  Moment of Inertia of Gross Area:

𝑏ℎ3 (300)(450)3
97 Ig = + Agyg2 = + 135000 (225-228.081)2 = 2,279,406,495.735 mm4
12 12

98  Moment of Inertia of Transformed Section 1:

99 I1 = A1 (d- ȳ)2 = 8,482.303( 387.5 – 228.081)2 = 215,572,790.321 mm4

100  Moment of Inertia of Transformed Section 2:

101 I2 = A2 (ȳ-d’)2 = 5,654.868 (228.081-62.5)2 = 155,039,898.005 mm4

102
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103  Total Moment of Inertia of Transformed, Uncracked Section

104 ITr,Uc = Ig + I1 + I2
105 = 2,279,406,495.735 + 215,572,790.321 + 155,039,898.005
106 ITr,Uc = 2,650,019,184.061 mm4

107

108 Step 4: Solve for the Cracking Moment and Curvature

109  Modulus of Rupture

110 fr= 0.7√𝑓𝑐′ = 0.7√35 = 4.14 MPa

111  Cracking Moment

(𝑓𝑟 ) (𝐼𝑇 ) (4.14) (2,650,019,184.061)
112 Mcr = = = 49.449 KN·m
ℎ−𝑐 450−228.081

113  Curvature
𝑀𝑐𝑟 𝟒𝟗.𝟒𝟒𝟗
114 Øtr,uc = = = 6.308E-07 rad/mm
𝐸𝑐 𝐼𝑇𝑟,𝑈 (29,580.399)(2,650,019,211.478)

115

116 II. RIGHT AFTER CRACKING

117
118
119
120
121
122
123 387. 5 mm
124
125 387. 5 - c
126
127
128 Step 1: Locate the Neutral Axis
129  Moment of Inertia above = Moment of Inertia Below
𝑐
130 𝑏 𝑐 ( ) + 𝐴𝑠1 (𝑐 − 𝑑 ′ ) = 𝑛𝐴𝑠 (𝑑 − 𝑐)
2

𝑐
131 (300)(𝑐) ( ) + 5,654.868 (𝑐 − 62.5) = 6.76(1,472.622)(387.5 − 𝑐)
2
132 ctr,cr = 123.411 mm

133

134 Step 2: Calculate the Moment of Inertia for Transformed, Cracked Section

135  Moment of Inertia of Cracked Area:

𝑏𝑐 3 (300)(123.411)3 123.411 2
136 Icr = + Agyg2 = + (300)(123.411) ( ) = 187,958,457.416 mm4
12 12 2

137
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138  Moment of Inertia of Transformed Section 1:

139 I1= n As (d- ȳ)2 = 6.76 (1,472.622) ( 387.5 – 123.411)2 = 694,286,205.076 mm4
140
141  Moment of Inertia of Transformed Section 2:

142 I2 = A1 (ȳ-d’)2 = 5,654.868 (123.411-62.5)2 = 20,980,424.888 mm4

143  Total Moment of Inertia of Transformed, Cracked Section

144 ITr, cr = Icr+I1+I2

145 = 187,958,457.416 + 694,286,205.076 + 20,980,424.888
146 ITr, cr = 903,225,087.380 mm4

147 Step 3: Compute the Curvature

148  Curvature
𝑀𝑐𝑟 𝟒𝟗.𝟒𝟒𝟗
149 ø= = = 1.85079E-06 rad/mm
𝐸𝑐 𝐼𝑡𝑟,𝐶𝑟 (29,580.399)(903,225,087.380)

150

151 III. STEEL YIELDS OR CONCRETE NON-LINEAR

152
153 A. Steel Yields First Ɛc
154
155  Assume Ɛs = Ɛy
𝑓𝑦 420 𝑀𝑃𝑎
156 Ɛy = = = 0.0021
𝐸𝑠 200000 𝑀𝑃𝑎

157  Use values from previous calculations

158 ctr,cr = 123.411 mm 387.5- ctr,cr

159 ITr, cr = 903,225,087.380 mm4

160  Curvature
Ɛ𝑦 0.0021
161 øy = = = 7.95187E-06 rad/mm
𝑑−𝑐 387.5−123.411

162  Calculate Moment at Tension Side

163 My = øy · Es · ITr, cr = (7.95187E-06) (200000) (903,225,087.380) =1,436.465 KN·m

164

165 B. Concrete Behaves Non-Linearly

166
167  Assume fc = 0.7 fc’
𝒇𝒄 𝟎.𝟕(𝟑𝟓 𝐌𝐏𝐚)
168 Ɛ0.7fc’ = = = 0.000828
𝑬𝒄 𝟐𝟗,𝟓𝟖𝟎.𝟑𝟗𝟗

169

170  Use values from previous calculations

387.5- ctr,cr
 CE513, 1st Semester, S.Y. 2018-2019 Page 8 of 16

171 ctr,cr = 123.411 mm

172 ITr, cr = 903,225,087.380 mm4

173  Curvature
Ɛ𝑐 0.000828
174 ø0.7fc’ = = = 6.70929E-06 rad/mm
𝐶𝑡𝑟,𝑐𝑟 123.411

175  Calculate Moment at Tension Side

176 M0.7fc’ = ø0.7fc’ · Es · ITr, cr
177 = (6.70929E-06) (29,580.399) (903,225,087.380)
178 M0.7fc’ = 179.257 KN·m
179
180 Therefore, use M= 179.257 because the smaller moment governs.
181
182

183 IV. ULTIMATE STAGE

184

185

186 387.5 mm
387.5 – a/2 325 mm
187 387.5- c
188

189

190

191 Step 1: Solve the neutral axis

192
193  Assume Tension and Compression Steel Yields

194 Ɛ𝑠 ′ > Ɛ𝑦 ; fs’ = fy and Ɛ𝑠 > Ɛ𝑦 ; fs = fy

195  Assume Compression is Equal to Tension

196 Cc + Cs = Ts
197 0.85fc’a b + As’ (fs’- 0.85 fc’) = As fy
198 0.85(35)(a)(300) + (981.748)[420-(0.85)(35)] = 1,472.622(420)
199 a= 26.372 mm

200

201  Solve for the length of the length of compression block

202 By interpolation:
(35 − 65)(0.85 − 0.65)
203 𝛽 = 0.65 +
28 − 56
204 𝛽 = 0.8
 CE513, 1st Semester, S.Y. 2018-2019 Page 9 of 16

205 c=a𝛽
206 c = 26.372 (0.8)
207 c = 32.965 mm

208

209  Check if assumptions are correct.

210
211 Using the strain diagram
0.003 Ɛ𝒔 Ɛ𝒔′
212 = =
𝒄 𝒅−𝒄 𝒄−𝒅′

387.5−32.965
213 Ɛ𝑠 = 0.003 ( ) = 0.03226
32.965
32.965−62.5
214 Ɛ𝑠′ = 0.003 ( ) = −0.00269
32.965
𝑓𝑠 420
215 Ɛ𝑦 = = = 0.0021
𝐸𝑠 200,000
216 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 Ɛ𝑠 > Ɛ𝑦, 𝑡ℎ𝑢𝑠, 𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡

217 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 Ɛ𝑠 ′ < Ɛ𝑦, 𝑡ℎ𝑢𝑠, 𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡, 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑛𝑒𝑤 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑠 ′ , 𝑎 & 𝑐

218  Solve for new value of a and c since assumption is incorrect.

219 Assume compression reinforcement does not yield. (Ɛ𝑠 ′ < Ɛ𝑦)
220 fs’ = Es Ɛ𝑠
𝑐−𝑑′
221 = 200000 (0.003)( )
𝑐
𝑐−𝑑′
222 fs’ = 600( )
𝑐

223 Cc + Cs = Ts
224 0.85fc’ β c b+ As’ fs’ = As fy
𝑐−62.5
225 0.85(35)(0.8c)(300) + (981.748)[ 600( ) -(0.85)(35)] = 1,472.622(420)
𝑐
226 c = 76.032 mm
227 a = 76.032(0.8) = 60.826 mm

228

229  Check again if the assumptions are correct.

76.032−62.5
230 Ɛ𝑠′ = 0.003 ( ) =0.000534
76.032
387.5−76.032
231 Ɛ𝑠 = 0.003 ( ) = 0.01229
76.032
232 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 Ɛ𝑠 > Ɛ𝑦, 𝑡ℎ𝑢𝑠, 𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡.
233 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 Ɛ𝑠 ′ < Ɛ𝑦, 𝑡ℎ𝑢𝑠, 𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡.

234  Solve for the Actual Stress of Steel (fs’)

𝑐−𝑑′ 76.032−62.5
235 fs’ = 600( ) = 600( )= 106.8 Mpa
𝑐 76.032

236  Calculate the Nominal Moment

𝑎
237 Mn = 𝐶𝑐 (𝑑 − ) + 𝐴𝑠′(𝑓𝑠 ′ − 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ )(𝑑 − 𝑑 ′ )
2
60,826
238 = 0.85(35)60.826(300) (387.5 − ) + (981.748)[106.8 − 0.85(35)](350)
2

239 Mn = 218.433 KN·m

 CE513, 1st Semester, S.Y. 2018-2019 Page 10 of 16

240  Solve for the Ultimate Moment

241 Since Ɛs>0.005, use ø = 0.65

242 Mu = øMn
243 = 0.65(218.433)
244 Mu = 141.981 KN·m

245  Calculate the Curvature

𝜀𝑠 0.01229
246 ø= = = 3.94583E-05 rad/mm
𝑑−𝑐 387.5−76.032

247

248 CASE 4 (Specified concrete strength is increased to 42 MPa)

249

250 I. JUST BEFORE CRACKING

251
252
253
254
387. 5 mm
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262 Step 1: Modular Ratio
263
264  Modulus of Elasticity of Steel:

265 Es= 200 000 Mpa

266  Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete:

267 Ec = 5000√𝑓𝑐′ = 5000√42 = 32,403.703 Mpa

268
𝐸𝑠 200000
269 Modular ratio: 𝑛 = = = 6.17
𝐸𝑐 32,403.703

270

271 Step 2: Locate the Neutral Axis

272  Effective Depth

273 d = 387.5 mm
274 d’= 62.5 mm

275
 CE513, 1st Semester, S.Y. 2018-2019 Page 11 of 16

276  Gross Area

277 Ag= b x h = 300mm x 450mm = 135,000 mm2

278  Area of Tension Reinforcement

𝜋 𝜋
279 As = ( 𝑑 2 𝑁)= ( 252 ) (3) =1,472.622 mm2
4 4
280  Area of Compression Reinforcement
𝜋 𝜋
281 As’= ( 𝑑 2 𝑁) = ( 252 ) (2) = 981.748mm2
4 4
282  Area of Tension Reinforcement (For Transformed Section)

283 A1 = 𝐴𝑠 (𝑛 − 1)= (1,472.622 )(6.17 − 1) = 7,613.456 mm2

284  Area of Compression Reinforcement (For Transformed Section)

285 A2 = (𝐴𝑠 ′ )(𝑛 − 1)= (981.748)(6.17 − 1) = 5,075.638 mm2

286  Total Area:

287 AT = A1 + A2 + Ag = 7,613.456 + 5,075.638 + 135,000 = 147,689.094 mm2

288  Locate the Neutral Axis

289 AT ȳ= A1y1 + A2y2 + Agyg

290 147,689.094 ȳ = 7,613.456 (387.5) + (5,075.638)(62.5) + (135000)(225)

291 ȳ = 227.792 mm (from extreme compression fiber) = c

292

293 Step 3: Calculate the Moment of Inertia of Transformed, Uncracked Section

294  Moment of Inertia of Gross Area:

𝑏ℎ3 (300)(450)3
295 Ig = + Agyg2 = + 135000 (225-227.792)2 = 2,279,177,360.640 mm4
12 12

296  Moment of Inertia of Transformed Section 1:

297 I1 = A1 (d - ȳ)2 = 7,613.456 ( 387.5 – 227.792)2 = 194,193,721.425 mm4

298  Moment of Inertia of Transformed Section 2:

299 I2 = A2 (ȳ - d’)2 = 5,075.637 ( 227.792 – 62.5)2 = 138,673,765.797 mm4

300  Total Moment of Inertia of Transformed, Uncracked Section

301 ITr,Uc = Ig + I1 + I2
302 = 2,279,177,360.640 + 194,193,721.425 + 138,673,765.797
303 ITr,Uc = 2,612,044,847.862 mm4

304

305 Step 4: Solve for the Cracking Moment and Curvature

306  Modulus of Rupture

307 fr = 0.7√𝑓𝑐′ = 0.7√42 = 4.54MPa
 CE513, 1st Semester, S.Y. 2018-2019 Page 12 of 16

308  Cracking Moment

(𝑓𝑟 ) (𝐼𝑇 ) (4.54) (2,612,044,847.862)
309 Mcr = = = 53.332 KN·m
ℎ−𝑐 450−227.792

310  Curvature
𝑀𝑐𝑟 𝟓𝟑.𝟑𝟑𝟐
311 Øtr,uc = = = 6.301E-07 rad/mm
𝐸𝑐 𝐼𝑇𝑟,𝑈 (32,403.703 )(2,612,044,847.862)

312

313 II. RIGHT AFTER CRACKING

314
315
316
317
318
319
387. 5 mm
320
321
322 387. 5 - c
323
324
325 Step 1: Locate the Neutral Axis
326  Moment of Inertia above = Moment of Inertia Below
𝑐
327 𝑏 𝑐 ( ) + 𝐴2 (𝑐 − 𝑑 ′ ) = 𝑛𝐴𝑠(𝑑 − 𝑐)
2
𝑐
328 (300) (𝑐 ) ( ) + (5,075.638)(𝑐 − 62.5) = 6.17(1,472.622)(387.5 − 𝑐)
2
329 ctr,cr = 119.574 mm

330

331 Step 2: Calculate the Moment of Inertia for Transformed, Cracked Section

332  Moment of Inertia of Cracked Area:

𝑏𝑐 3 (300)(119.574)3 119.574 2
333 Icr = + Agyg2 = + (300) (119.574) ( ) = 170,967,783.405 mm4
12 12 2

334  Moment of Inertia of Transformed Section 1:

335 I1 = n As (d - ȳ)2 = 6.17 (1,472.622)( 387.5 – 119.574 )2 = 652,236,334.680 mm4

336  Moment of Inertia of Transformed Section 2:

337 I2 = A2 (ȳ-d’)2 = (5,075.638)( 119.574 – 62.5)2 = 16,533,803.624 mm4

338  Total Moment of Inertia of Transformed, Cracked Section

339 ITr, cr = Icr + I1 + I2

340 = 170,967,783.405 + 652,236,334.680 + 16,533,803.624
341 Itr, cr = 839,737,921.709 mm4

342
 CE513, 1st Semester, S.Y. 2018-2019 Page 13 of 16

343 Step 3: Compute the Curvature

344  Curvature

345 Øtr,cr = 𝐸 𝑀𝑐𝑟

𝐼
=
𝟓𝟑.𝟑𝟑𝟐
(32,403.703)(839,737,921.709)
= 1.95997E-06 rad/mm
𝑐 𝑇𝑟,𝐶𝑟

346

347 III. STEEL YIELDS OR CONCRETE NON-LINEAR

348
349 A. Steel Yields First Ɛc
350
351  Assume Ɛs = Ɛy
𝑓𝑦 420 𝑀𝑃𝑎
352 Ɛy = = = 0.0021
𝐸𝑠 200000 𝑀𝑃𝑎

353  Use values from previous calculations

354 ctr,cr = 119.574 mm 387.5- ctr,cr

355 Itr, cr = 839,737,921.709 mm4

356  Curvature
Ɛ𝑦 0.0021
357 øy = = = 7.838E-06 rad/mm
𝑑−𝑐 387.5−119.574

358  Calculate Moment at Tension Side

359 My= øy · Es · Itr, cr = (7.838E-06) (200000) (839,737,921.709) =1,316.372 KN·m

360

361 B. Concrete Behaves Non-Linearly

362
363  Assume fc = 0.7 fc’
𝒇𝒄 𝟎.𝟕(𝟒𝟐)
364 Ɛ0.7fc’ = = = 0.000907
𝑬𝒄 𝟑𝟐,𝟒𝟎𝟑.𝟕𝟎𝟑

365  Use values from previous calculations

366 ctr,cr = 119.574 mm

367 Itr, cr = 839,737,921.709 mm4 387.5- ctr,cr
368  Curvature

369 ø0.7fc’ = 𝐶Ɛ0.7fc = 0.000907

119.574
= 7.58524E-06 rad/mm
𝑡𝑟,𝑐𝑟

370  Calculate Moment at Tension Side

371 M0.7fc’ = ø0.7fc’ · Ec · Itr, cr
372 = (7.58524E-06) (32,403.703) (839,737,921.709)
373 M0.7fc’ = 206.399 KN·m
374
375 Therefore, use M= 206.399 because the smaller moment governs.
 CE513, 1st Semester, S.Y. 2018-2019 Page 14 of 16

376
377
378 IV. ULTIMATE STAGE

379

380

381 387.5 mm
387.5 – a/2 325 mm
382 387.5- c
383

384

385

386 Step 1: Solve the neutral axis

387
388  Assume Tension and Compression Steel Yields

389 Ɛ𝑠 ′ > Ɛ𝑦 ; fs’ = fy

390 Ɛ𝑠 > Ɛ𝑦 ; fs = fy

391  Assume Compression is Equal to Tension

392 Cc + Cs = Ts
393 0.85 fc’a b + As’ (fs’- 0.85 fc’) = As fy
394 0.85(42)(a)(300) + (981.748)[420-(0.85)(42)] = 1,472.622(420)
395 a= 22.522 mm

396  Solve for the length of the length of compression block

397

398 By interpolation:
(42 − 65)(0.85 − 0.65)
400 𝛽 = 0.65 +
28 − 56
399 𝛽 = 0.75

401 c = a/ 𝛽
402 c = 22.522 /(0.75)
403 c = 30.029 mm 42

404

405  Check if assumptions are correct.

406
407 Using the strain diagram
0.003 Ɛ𝒔 Ɛ𝒔′
408 = =
𝒄 𝒅−𝒄 𝒄−𝒅′
 CE513, 1st Semester, S.Y. 2018-2019 Page 15 of 16

387.5−30.029
409 Ɛ𝑠 = 0.003 ( ) = 0.03571
30.029
′ 30.029 −62.5
410 Ɛ𝑠 = 0.003 ( ) = −0.00324
30.029
𝑓𝑠 420
411 Ɛ𝑦 = = = 0.0021
𝐸𝑠 200,000
412 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 Ɛ𝑠 > Ɛ𝑦, 𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡

413 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 Ɛ𝑠 ′ < Ɛ𝑦, 𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡, 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑛𝑒𝑤 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑠 ′ , 𝑎 & 𝑐

414  Solve for new value of a and c since assumption is incorrect.

415 Assume compression reinforcement does not yield. (Ɛ𝑠 ′ < Ɛ𝑦)
416 fs’ = Es Ɛ𝑠
𝑐−𝑑′
417 = 200000 (0.003)( )
𝑐
𝑐−𝑑′
418 fs’ = 600( )
𝑐

419 Cc + Cs = Ts
420 0.85 fc’ β c b+ As’ fs’ = As fy
𝑐−62.5
421 0.85(42)(0.75 c)(300) + (981.748)[ 600( ) -(0.85)(42)] = 1,472.622 (420)
𝑐
422 c = 71.834 mm
423 a = 71.834 (0.75) = 53.876 mm

424

425  Check again if the assumptions are correct.

71.834 −62.5
426 Ɛ𝑠′ = 0.003 ( ) =0.00039
71.834
387.5−71.834
427 Ɛ𝑠 = 0.003 ( ) = 0.01318
71.834
428 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 Ɛ𝑠 > Ɛ𝑦, 𝑡ℎ𝑢𝑠, 𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡.
429 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 Ɛ𝑠 ′ < Ɛ𝑦, 𝑡ℎ𝑢𝑠, 𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡.

430  Solve for the Actual Stress of Steel (fs’)

𝑐−𝑑′ 71.834−62.5
431 fs’ = 600( ) = 600( )= 78 Mpa
𝑐 71.834

432  Calculate the Nominal Moment

𝑎
433 Mn = 𝐶𝑐 (𝑑 − ) + 𝐴𝑠′(𝑓𝑠 ′ − 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ )(𝑑 − 𝑑 ′ )
2
53.876
434 = 0.85(42)(53.876)(300) (387.5 − ) + (981.748)[78 − 0.85(42)](325)
2

435 Mn = 221.533 KN·m

436  Solve for the Ultimate Moment

437 Since Ɛs > 0.005, use ø = 0.65

438 Mu = øMn
439 = 0.65(221.533)
440 Mu = 143.996 KN·m

441  Calculate the Curvature

𝜀𝑠 0.01318
442 ø= = = 4.1753E-05 rad/mm
𝑑−𝑐 387.5−71.834
 CE513, 1st Semester, S.Y. 2018-2019 Page 16 of 16

443

444
445