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Dynamic (Absolute) Viscosity

Viscosity is a measure of a fluid's resistance to flow. There are two measures of viscosity - dynamic (or absolute) viscosity, which is the tangential force per unit area required to move one fluid layer past another, and kinematic viscosity, which is the ratio of dynamic viscosity to fluid density. Dynamic viscosity is measured in units like Pa·s or Poise, while kinematic viscosity is measured in units like Stokes or centiStokes. Water at 20°C has a dynamic viscosity of 1 centiPoise and a kinematic viscosity of 1 centiStokes.

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59 views2 pages

Dynamic (Absolute) Viscosity

Viscosity is a measure of a fluid's resistance to flow. There are two measures of viscosity - dynamic (or absolute) viscosity, which is the tangential force per unit area required to move one fluid layer past another, and kinematic viscosity, which is the ratio of dynamic viscosity to fluid density. Dynamic viscosity is measured in units like Pa·s or Poise, while kinematic viscosity is measured in units like Stokes or centiStokes. Water at 20°C has a dynamic viscosity of 1 centiPoise and a kinematic viscosity of 1 centiStokes.

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sami
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Viscosity

Viscosity is an important fluid property when analyzing liquid behavior and


fluid motion near solid boundaries. The viscosity of a fluid is a measure of its
resistance to gradual deformation by shear stress or tensile stress. The shear
resistance in a fluid is caused by inter-molecular friction exerted when layers
of fluid attempt to slide by one another.

Viscosity is the measure of a fluid's resistance to flow

There are two related measures of fluid viscosity

 dynamic (or absolute)


 kinematic

Dynamic (absolute) Viscosity


Absolute viscosity - coefficient of absolute viscosity - is a measure of internal
resistance. Dynamic (absolute) viscosity is the tangential force per unit area
required to move one horizontal plane with respect to another plane - at an
unit velocity - when maintaining an unit distance apart in the fluid.

In the SI system the dynamic viscosity units are N s/m2, Pa s or kg/(m s) -


where

 1 Pa s = 1 N s/m2 = 1 kg/(m s)
Dynamic viscosity may also be expressed in the metric CGS (centimeter-
gram-second) system as g/(cm s), dyne s/cm2 or poise (p) where

 1 poise = 1 dyne s/cm2 = 1 g/(cm s) = 1/10 Pa s = 1/10 N s/m2


For practical use the Poise is normally too large and the unit is therefore often
divided by 100 - into the smaller unit centipoise (cP) - where

 1 P = 100 cP
 1 cP = 0.01 poise = 0.01 gram per cm second = 0.001 Pascal second =
1 milliPascal second = 0.001 N s/m2
Water at 20.2oC (68.4oF) has the absolute viscosity of one - 1 - centipoise.
Kinematic Viscosity
Kinematic viscosity is the ratio of - absolute (or dynamic) viscosity to density -
a quantity in which no force is involved. Kinematic viscosity can be obtained
by dividing the absolute viscosity of a fluid with the fluid mass density like

In the SI-system the theoretical unit of kinematic viscosity is m2/s - or the


commonly used Stoke (St) where

 1 St (Stokes) = 10-4 m2/s = 1 cm2/s


Stoke comes from the CGS (Centimetre Gram Second) unit system.

Since the Stoke is a large unit it is often divided by 100 into the smaller
unit centiStoke (cSt) - where

 1 St = 100 cSt
 1 cSt (centiStoke) = 10-6 m2/s = 1 mm2/s
 1 m2/s = 106 centiStokes
The specific gravity for water at 20.2oC (68.4oF) is almost one, and the
kinematic viscosity for water at 20.2oC (68.4oF) is for practical
purpose 1.0 mm2/s (cStokes). A more exact kinematic viscosity for
water at 20.2oC (68.4oF) is 1.0038 mm2/s (cSt).

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