Santosh Rachuri

Bamboo Drip Irrigation System Kuls

Meghalaya Water channels found in mountain areas
18-20 liters of water --> 20 to 80 drops per min. Spiti Valley, HP
Khasi and Jaintia hills - Black Pepper cultivation Water from glaciers to villages
Bamboo pipes are used to divert perennial springs Kul is lined with rocks where terrain is muddy
on the hilltops to the lower reaches by gravity. to keep it from becoming clogged.

rice cultivation cum fish farming system Kuhls - Similar irrigation system in J&K

harvests both ground and surface water for Apatani Surface water harvesting method typical to the hill
irrigation. It is practiced by Apatani tribes of ziro in areas of Uttarakhand
the lower Subansiri district of Arunachal Pradesh. Naula
Small wells or ponds in which water is collected by
Virdas making a stone wall across a stream

built by Maldharis, who used to roam these structures about 10x12 ft size, 6 ft deep carved out
grasslands in hard rock moutain

found in Banni grasslands, Rann of Kutch found in Himachal Pradesh (Kangra, Mandi Hamirpur)
Khatri
Animals & washing purposes
shallow wells dug in low depressions called Jheels (tanks)
2 types
Human consumption
main irrigation sources in Ancient Gond tribal
kingdom - now in MP and Odisha Individual + community + govt owned
built by village headman called Gauntias Zabo
aat (highland)
Practiced in Nagaland
mal (sloped land)
Land classified into 4 groups based on topo Katas/Mundas/Bandhas
aka ruza system
berna (medium land)
water is collected in pond like structures in the
bahal (low land)
N -S or E-W of a village middle terraces; below are cattle yards, and towards
the foot of the hill are paddy fields, where the
Traditional Rain W ater run-off ultimately meanders into.
Harvesting Systems means impounding run-off
Surangam

water tunnels through hillocks Angami region of Nagaland

Cheo - name of person responsible for laying of

Kasaragod - Kerala & Dakshin Kannada of Karnataka
channel with numerous persons and Ozihi - water
Cheo-Ozihi
a horizontal well mostly excavated in hard laterite The riverwater is brought down by a long channel.
rock formations. The excavation continues until a From this channel, many branch channels are taken
good amount of water is struck. off, and water is often diverted to the terraces
through bamboo pipes.
Water seeps out of the hard rock and flows out of
the tunnel. This water is usually collected in an open Tamil Nadu
pit constructed outside the surangam.
Eri = Tanks
a temporary dam stretching across the mouth of
channels, made of brushwood, mud and grass. have played several important roles in maintaining ecological harmony as
flood-control systems, preventing soil erosion and wastage of runoff
Kasaragod and Thrissur districts of Kerala during periods of heavy rainfall, and recharging the groundwater in the
surrounding areas
aka Chira
Assignments of revenue-free lands, called manyams, were made to support
It is constructed by horizontally fixing a strong wooden beam touching either banks of village functionaries who undertook to maintain and manage eris
the canal. A series of vertical wooden beams of appropriate height is erected with their
lower ends resting firmly on the ground and the other ends tied to the horizontal The enormous expropriation of village resources by the state led to the
beam. disintegration of the traditional society, its economy and polity.

Closely knitted or matted coconut thatch is tied to this frame. A coat of mud is applied to Korambu Allocations for maintenance of eris could no longer be supported by the village
the matted frame. A layer of grass is also applied carefully which prevents dissolution of communities, and these extraordinary water harvesting systems began to
the applied mud. decline.

Korambu is constructed to raise the water level in the canal and to divert the water into South Travancore
field channels. It is so built that excess water flows over it and only the required amount Ooranis Tanks - contains just enough water to cultivate few
of water flows into the diversion channels. The height of the Korambu is so adjusted that
acres of land dependent on them
the fields lying on the upstream are not submerged.
Bodo Tribes of Assam
Water is allowed to flow from one field to another until all the field are irrigated. They are Dongs
built twice a year especially before the onset of the monsoon season in order to supply individually owned with no community involvement
water during winter and summer season