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Chem 13.2 and 13.3 Quiz Notes

Molecular compounds are liquids or gases, while ionic compounds are solids. Liquids and gases flow due to weaker intermolecular forces compared to solids. The kinetic energy and temperature of molecules determine states of matter: higher energy means molecules overcome intermolecular forces and become gases through evaporation or boiling. Different boiling points reflect varying intermolecular forces between molecules. Ionic solids form crystalline lattices that vibrate but do not flow. They have high melting points and a regular, repeated 3D pattern characteristic of their crystal structure.

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57 views2 pages

Chem 13.2 and 13.3 Quiz Notes

Molecular compounds are liquids or gases, while ionic compounds are solids. Liquids and gases flow due to weaker intermolecular forces compared to solids. The kinetic energy and temperature of molecules determine states of matter: higher energy means molecules overcome intermolecular forces and become gases through evaporation or boiling. Different boiling points reflect varying intermolecular forces between molecules. Ionic solids form crystalline lattices that vibrate but do not flow. They have high melting points and a regular, repeated 3D pattern characteristic of their crystal structure.

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13.2 and 13.

3 Notes for Quiz on 3/19

Molecular Compounds
Liquids and Gases flow; NOT Solids
 What makes the difference btwn liquids and gases? The intermolecular
forces of attraction are present for liquids, BUT NOT for gases; creates
difference between liquids and gases physical properties
Increase pressure on a liquid does not really affect the volume
o For a gas it does, b/c are directly proportional
Liquids and solids are called: Condensed States of Matter
Evaporation= a cooling process  b/c those with highest energy escape 1st
 Process of conversion of a liquid to a gas or vapor occurring on
the surface of a liquid without boiling
Vaporization= a conversion of a liquid to a gas or vapor
Kinetic Energy (KE) & Temperature = direct relationship
Liquid evaporates faster when add heat  increase KE & Temperature
Vapor Pressure (VP) = a measure of the force exerted by a gas above a liquid
in a closed container
VP in a closed container goes up, the stops and levels out  a Dynamic
Equilibrium (b/c VP levels off)
Rate of condensation = rate of evaporation
Manometer: device used to determine the VP of a liquid
o Ex. barometer  type of manometer
Rate of evaporation in an open container increases as heat increases
Heat  allows average KE of molecules to increase
Boiling Point (BP): when VP = external pressure
Once a liquid starts to boil, you can NOT increase the temperature
Normal Boiling Point = @ a pressure of 101 kPa and 100oC
Boiling = also a cooling process
Temperature does NOT go above the BP if add heat, only will increase the
rate of Boiling….
Different liquids have different BP’s b/c of intermolecular forces of attraction
o Weaker = lower BP
Ionic Compounds
Particles vibrate in fixed positions, BUT DO NOT flow
Crystalline lattice structure fixed, organized structure
Dense + incompressible
If reach absolute zero  can NOT move; otherwise can usually move
Melting point (MP) = the temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid
Reverse melting  freeze/cool
Have high melting points - not all solids melt though
Crystal = orderly repeated 3D Pattern
= Have a regular 3D shape
= Have sides & faces. The angles are characteristic + always same
= Classified into 7 groups
= Differ in terms of angles + edges on each face
= Smallest group of particles to retain its shape  a Unit Cell
3 types of Unit Cells: Simple, Body & Face  all 90o angles
Allotropes = 2 OR more molecular forms of the same element in the same
physical state
Amorphous = lack an ordered internal structure; particles are randomly
arranged
Rhombohedral = 1 of 7 crystal systems
Glasses = transparent fusion products of inorganic substance that have
cooled to a rigid state without crystalizing
Solid: a dense state of matter that has a fixed shape + is not easily
compressed

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