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Bearings, units and housings

Arrangements and their bearing types
Principles of rolling bearing selection

Bearing selection process

Bearing type and arrangement A bearing arrangement supports and locates a shaft, radially and axially, relative to other components
such as housings. Typically, two bearing supports are required to position a shaft. Depending on certain
requirements, such as stiffness or load directions, a bearing support may consist of one or more bearings.
Arrangements and their bearing types
Bearing arrangements comprising two bearing supports are:

Selection criteria
locating/non-locating bearing arrangements
adjusted bearing arrangements
floating bearing arrangements

Matrix 1 [PDF] provides an overview of the suitability of various bearing types for different bearing
arrangements.

A single bearing arrangement consists of just one bearing that supports radial, axial and moment loads.

Locating/non-locating bearing arrangements

In locating/non-locating bearing arrangements (fig. 1):

The locating support provides axial location of the shaft relative to the housing.
The non-locating support accommodates axial displacements that occur when thermal
fig. 1
expansion of the shaft relative to the housing changes the distance between the two
bearings. Additionally, it compensates for the accumulation of tolerances of the components, which affects
the distance between the two bearings.

Bearings for the locating support

Radial bearings that can accommodate combined (radial and axial) loads are used for the locating
bearing support. These include:

deep groove ball bearings

two universally matchable single row angular contact ball bearings, arranged back-to-back or face-to-
face
double row angular contact ball bearings
self-aligning ball bearings
spherical roller bearings
matched tapered roller bearings, arranged back-to-back or face-to-face
cylindrical roller bearings with flanges on both rings or cylindrical roller bearings mounted with an angle
ring (thrust collar)

Bearing combinations for the locating support

The locating bearing support can consist of a combination of bearings. For example
(fig. 2):

To accommodate the radial load, a cylindrical roller bearing that has one ring without
flanges may be used. fig. 2

To provide the axial location, a deep groove ball bearing, a four-point contact ball bearing, or a pair of
angular contact ball bearings may be used.
The outer ring of the axial locating bearing must be mounted radially free and should not be clamped.
Otherwise, this bearing can be subjected to unintended radial loads.

Bearings for the non-locating support

There are two ways to accommodate axial displacements at the non-locating bearing support:

1. Use a bearing type that enables axial displacement within the bearing ( fig. 3):

cylindrical roller bearings with flanges on one ring only

needle roller bearings
CARB toroidal roller bearings

When these bearings are rotating, they accommodate axial displacement and induce almost no axial load on the
bearing arrangement. You should use this solution where an interference fit is required for both rings.

2. Use a loose fit between one bearing ring and its seat. Suitable bearing types include:

deep groove ball bearings

self-aligning ball bearings
spherical roller bearings
pairs of angular contact ball bearings or tapered roller bearings

Axial movements of a bearing on its seat cause axial loads, which might have an impact on the bearing service life.

When using other bearing types, you may need to take additional design considerations into account.

Typical combinations of bearing supports

From the large number of possible locating/non-locating bearing combinations, the following are the
most popular.

For bearing arrangements where the axial displacement is accommodated within the bearing

Conventional bearing arrangements in which limited angular misalignment occurs include:

deep groove ball bearing / cylindrical roller bearing (fig. 4)

double row angular contact ball bearing / NU or N design cylindrical roller bearing (fig. 5)
matched single row tapered roller bearings / NU or N design cylindrical roller bearing (fig. 6)
NUP design cylindrical roller bearing / NU design cylindrical roller bearing (fig. 7)
NU design cylindrical roller bearing and a four-point contact ball bearing / NU design cylindrical roller
bearing (fig. 8)

SKF self-aligning bearing systems, which can compensate for more misalignment, are:

spherical roller bearing / CARB toroidal roller bearing (fig. 9)

self-aligning ball bearing / CARB toroidal roller bearing

For bearing arrangements where the axial displacement is accommodated between a bearing
ring and its seat

deep groove ball bearing / deep groove ball bearing (fig. 10)
self-aligning ball bearings or spherical roller bearings (fig. 11) for both bearing positions
matched single row angular contact ball bearings / deep groove ball bearing (fig. 12)

fig. 4 fig. 5 fig. 6 fig. 7 fig. 8 fig. 9 fig. 10

fig. 11 fig. 12
 Adjusted bearing arrangements
In adjusted bearing arrangements, the shaft is located axially in one direction by one bearing support and
in the opposite direction by the other (cross-located). Adjusted bearing arrangements require proper
adjustment of clearance or preload during mounting.

These bearing arrangements are generally used for short shafts, where thermal expansion has only a little
effect. The most suitable bearings are:

angular contact ball bearings (fig. 13)

tapered roller bearings (fig. 14)

fig. 13 fig. 14

Floating bearing arrangements

In floating bearing arrangements the shaft is cross-located, but is able to move axially a certain distance
between the two end positions (i.e. “float”). When determining the required "float" distance , consider
thermal expansion of the shaft relative to the housing and tolerances of the components, which affect the
distance between the two bearings.

With this arrangement, the shaft can also be axially located by other components on the shaft (e.g. a
double helical gear). Most common bearings are:

deep groove ball bearings (fig. 15)

self-aligning ball bearings
spherical roller bearings (fig. 16)
NJ design cylindrical roller bearings, mirrored, with offset rings (fig. 17)

fig. 15 fig. 16 fig. 17

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