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 CBSE Class 10 Science
NCERT Exemplar Solutions
Chapter 13
Magnetic Effects of Electric Current

Exercise

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

1. Choose the incorrect statement from the following regarding magnetic lines of field

(a) The direction of magnetic field at a point is taken to be the direction in which the north
pole of a magnetic compass needle points

(b) Magnetic field lines are closed curves

(c) If magnetic field lines are parallel and equidistant, they represent zero field strength

(d) Relative strength of magnetic field is shown by the degree of closeness of the field lines

Ans. (c) If magnetic field lines are parallel and equidistant, they represent zero field strength

Explanation: Magnetic field lines appear parallel when they are far from the magnet. But
this does not mean that field strength is zero. No field line would be present where field
strength becomes zero.

2. If the key in the arrangement (Figure 13.1) is taken out (the circuit is made open) and
magnetic field lines are drawn over the horizontal plane ABCD, the lines are

(a) concentric circles

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 Study Materials
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 to 12 (Math & Science)
Revision Notes for Class 6 to 12 (Math & Science)
RD Sharma Solutions for Class 6 to 12 Mathematics
RS Aggarwal Solutions for Class 6, 7 & 10 Mathematics
Important Questions for Class 6 to 12 (Math & Science)
CBSE Sample Papers for Class 9, 10 & 12 (Math &
Science)
Important Formula for Class 6 to 12 Math
CBSE Syllabus for Class 6 to 12
Lakhmir Singh Solutions for Class 9 & 10
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(b) elliptical in shape

(c) straight lines parallel to each other

(d) concentric circles near the point O but of elliptical shapes as we go away from it

Ans. (a) Concentric circles

Explanation: Magnetic field lines around a straight current carrying conductor are in the
form of concentric circles.

3. A circular loop placed in a plane perpendicular to the plane of paper carries a

current when the key is ON. The current as seen from points A and B (in the plane of
paper and on the axis of the coil) is anti-clockwise and clockwise respectively. The
magnetic field lines point from B to A. The N-pole of the resultant magnet is on the face
close to

(a) A

(b) B

(c) A if the current is small, and B if the current is large

(d) B if the current is small and A if the current is large

Ans. (a) A

Explanation: Magnetic field lines are in the direction from south pole to north pole. Point A
is showing north pole because field lines are pointing from B to A.

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4. For a current in a long straight solenoid N- and S-poles are created at the two ends.
Among the following statements, the incorrect statement is

(a) The field lines inside the solenoid are in the form of straight lines which indicates that the
magnetic field is the same at all points inside the solenoid

(b) The strong magnetic field produced inside the solenoid can be used to magnetise a piece
of magnetic material like soft iron, when placed inside the coil

(c) The pattern of the magnetic field associated with the solenoid is different from the pattern
of the magnetic field around a bar magnet

(d) The N- and S-poles exchange position when the direction of current through the solenoid
is reversed

Ans. (c) The pattern of the magnetic field associated with the solenoid is different from the
pattern of the magnetic field around a bar magnet

Explanation: A solenoid behaves like a bar magnet. Hence, the pattern of the magnetic field
associated with the solenoid is same as the pattern of the magnetic field around a bar
magnet.

5. A uniform magnetic field exists in the plane of paper pointing from left to right as
shown in Figure 13.3. In the field an electron and a proton move as shown. The electron
and the proton experience

(a) forces both pointing into the plane of paper

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(b) forces both pointing out of the plane of paper

(c) forces pointing into the plane of paper and out of the plane of paper, respectively

(d) force pointing opposite and along the direction of the uniform magnetic field respectively

Ans. (a) forces both pointing into the plane of paper

Explanation: Direction of current is opposite to the direction of movement of electron. So,

current will move upwards. If index finger is showing the direction of magnetic field, ring
finger is showing the direction of current, then direction of thumb is into the paper.

6. Commercial electric motors do not use

(a) an electromagnet to rotate the armature

(b) effectively large number of turns of conducting wire in the current carrying coil

(c) a permanent magnet to rotate the armature

(d) a soft iron core on which the coil is wound

Ans. (c) A permanent magnet to rotate the armature

Explanation: Electromagnet is used instead of permanent magnet in commercial electric

motor.

7. In the arrangement shown in Figure 13.4 there are two coils wound on a non-
conducting cylindrical rod. Initially the key is not inserted. Then the key is inserted and
later removed. Then

(a) the deflection in the galvanometer remains zero throughout

(b) there is a momentary deflection in the galvanometer but it dies out shortly and there is

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no effect when the key is removed

(c) there are momentary galvanometer deflections that die out shortly; the deflections are in
the same direction

(d) there are momentary galvanometer deflections that die out shortly; the deflections are in
opposite directions

Ans. (d) there are momentary galvanometer deflections that die out shortly; the deflections
are in opposite directions.

Explanation: When key is plugged, galvanometer shows momentary deflection in one

direction. When the key is removed, galvanometer shows momentary deflection in opposite
direction.

8. Choose the incorrect statement

(a) Fleming’s right-hand rule is a simple rule to know the direction of induced current

(b) The right-hand thumb rule is used to find the direction of magnetic fields due to current
carrying conductors

(c) The difference between the direct and alternating currents is that the direct current
always flows in one direction, whereas the alternating current reverses its direction
periodically

(d) In India, the AC changes direction after every 1/50 second

Ans. (d) In India, the AC changes direction after every 1/50 second

Explanation: In India, the AC changes direction after every 1/100 second.

9. A constant current flows in a horizontal wire in the plane of the paper from east to
west as shown in Figure 13.5. The direction of magnetic field at a point will be North to
South

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(a) directly above the wire

(b) directly below the wire

(c) at a point located in the plane of the paper, on the north side of the wire

(d) at a point located in the plane of the paper, on the south side of the wire

Ans. (b) directly below the wire

Explanation: Line WE shows a straight conductor through which current is moving from E
to W. When seen from east, the magnetic field lines appear in clockwise direction, i.e. S to N
above the wire and N to S below the wire. This is in accordance with Right Hand Thumb rule.

10. The strength of magnetic field inside a long current carrying straight solenoid is

(a) more at the ends than at the centre

(b) minimum in the middle

(c) same at all points

(d) found to increase from one end to the other

Ans. (c) Same at all points

Explanation: Magnetic field lines are straight and parallel inside the solenoid. This indicates
a strong magnetic field. Hence, inside the solenoid, the magnetic field is same throughout.

11. To convert an AC generator into DC generator

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(a) split-ring type commutator must be used

(b) slip rings and brushes must be used

(c) a stronger magnetic field has to be used

(d) a rectangular wire loop has to be used

Ans. (a) split-ring type commutator must be used

Explanation: Split ring commutator reverses the direction of current after each half turn of
armature. This maintains a DC current.

12. The most important safety method used for protecting home appliances from short
circuiting or overloading is

(a) earthing

(b) use of fuse

(c) use of stabilizers

(d) use of electric meter

Ans. (b) Use of fuse

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 Short Answer Questions

13. A magnetic compass needle is placed in the plane of paper near point A as shown in
Figure 13.6. In which plane should a straight current carrying conductor be placed so
that it passes through A and there is no change in the deflection of the compass? Under
what condition is the deflection maximum and why?

Ans. In the plane of the paper itself. The axis of the compass is vertical and the field due to
the conductor is also vertical. It could result in a dip of compass needle which is not possible
in this case (dips result only if axis of compass is horizontal). The deflection is maximum
when the conductor through A is perpendicular to the plane of paper and the field due to it is
maximum in the plane of the paper.

14. Under what conditions permanent electromagnet is obtained if a current carrying

solenoid is used? Support your answer with the help of a labelled circuit diagram.

Ans. Following conditions are necessary for making electromagnet from a current carrying
solenoid.

(a) Circuit should be closed.

(b) A core of soft iron should be used.

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15. AB is a current carrying conductor in the plane of the paper as shown in Figure 13.7.
What are the directions of magnetic fields produced by it at points P and Q? Given r1 >

r2, where will the strength of the magnetic field be larger?

Ans. According to Right Hand Thumb Rule, if all fingers of right hand we wrapped in a fist
and thumb shows the direction of electric current, then direction of wrapped fingers shows
the direction of magnetic field. In case of r1, the direction of magnetic field is towards the

paper. In case of r2, the direction of magnetic field is out of the paper. Since r1 > r2, so

strength of magnetic field at P is less than that at Q.

16. A magnetic compass shows a deflection when placed near a current carrying wire.
How will the deflection of the compass get affected if the current in the wire is
increased? Support your answer with a reason.

Ans. The deflection increases. The strength of magnetic field is directly proportional to the
magnitude of current passing through the straight conductor.

17. It is established that an electric current through a metallic conductor produces a

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magnetic field around it. Is there a similar magnetic field produced around a thin beam
of moving (i) alpha particles, (ii) neutrons? Justify your answer.

Ans. (i) Yes, Alpha particles being positively charged constitutes a current in the direction of
motion.
(ii) No. The neutrons being electrically neutral constitute no current.

18. What does the direction of thumb indicate in the right-hand thumb rule. In what
way this rule is different from Fleming’s left-hand rule?

Ans. The thumb indicates the direction of current in the straight conductor held by curled
fingers, whereas the Fleming’s left-hand rule gives the direction of force experienced by
current carrying conductor placed in an external magnetic field.

19. Meena draws magnetic field lines of field close to the axis of a current carrying
circular loop. As she moves away from the centre of the circular loop she observes that
the lines keep on diverging. How will you explain her observation.

Ans. Strength of the magnetic field decreases as distance increases. This is indicated by the
decrease in degree of closeness of the lines of field.

20. What does the divergence of magnetic field lines near the ends of a current carrying
straight solenoid indicate?

Ans. The divergence, that is, the falling degree of closeness of magnetic field lines indicates
the fall in strength of magnetic field near and beyond the ends of the solenoid.

21. Name four appliances wherein an electric motor, a rotating device that converts
electrical energy to mechanical energy, is used as an important component. In what
respect motors are different from generators?

Ans. Electric fans, mixers, washing machines, computer drives, etc. Motors convert electrical
energy into mechanical energy whereas generators convert mechanical energy into
electrical energy.

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22. What is the role of the two conducting stationary brushes in a simple electric
motor?

Ans. The brushes are connected to the battery and touch the outer side of two halves of the
split ring whose inner sides are insulated and attached to the axle.

23. What is the difference between a direct current and an alternating current? How
many times does AC used in India change direction in one second?

Ans. The direction of current keeps on changing at frequent intervals in AC. Bu the direction
of current always remains the same in DC. In India, the AC changes direction 100 times per
second.

24. What is the role of fuse, used in series with any electrical appliance? Why should a
fuse with defined rating not be replaced by one with a larger rating?

Ans. Fuse is used for protecting appliances due to short-circuiting or overloading. The fuse is
rated for a certain maximum current and blows off when a current more than the rated
value flows through it. If a fuse is replaced by one with larger ratings, the appliances may get
damaged while the protecting fuse does not burn off. This practice of using fuse of improper
rating should always be avoided.

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 Long Answer Questions

25. Why does a magnetic compass needle pointing North and South in the absence of a
nearby magnet get deflected when a bar magnet or a current carrying loop is brought
near it. Describe some salient features of magnetic lines of field concept.

Ans. Current carrying loops behave like bar magnets and both have their own magnetic field
lines . This modifies the already existing earth’s magnetic field and a deflection results.
Magnetic field has both direction and magnitude. Magnetic field lines emerge from N-pole
and enter S-pole. The magnetic field strength is represented diagrammatically by the degree
of closeness of the field lines. Field lines cannot cross each other as two values of net field at
a single point cannot exist. Only one value, a unique net value, can exist. If in a given region,
lines of field are shown to be parallel and equispaced, the field is understood to be uniform.

26. With the help of a labelled circuit diagram illustrate the pattern of field lines of the
magnetic field around a current carrying straight long conducting wire. How is the
right hand thumb rule useful to find direction of magnetic field associated with a
current carrying conductor?

Ans. Right hand thumb rule states that if a current carrying straight conductor is supposedly
held in the right hand with the thumb pointing towards the direction of current, then the
fingers will wrap around the conductor in the direction of the field lines of the magnetic
field.

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27. Explain with the help of a labelled diagram the distribution of magnetic field due to
a current through a circular loop. Why is it that if a current carrying coil has n turns
the field produced at any point is n times as large as that produced by a single turn?

Ans. In a current carrying circular loop also the Right-Hand Thumb Rule is being obeyed.
This means magnetic field lines are around the conducting wire. But circular shape of the
conductor means that field lines at different points of the loop appear to be making ring
around the periphery of the loop. It can be visualized like many small rings looping around
the periphery of a big ring.

Effect of Number of turns in a coil: If number of turns in coil is increased, then magnetic
field also increase. Due to this, strength of magnetic field increases with increased number of
turns in a coil.

28. Describe the activity that shows that a current-carrying conductor experiences a
force perpendicular to its length and the external magnetic field. How does Fleming’s
left-hand rule help us to find the direction of the force acting on the current carrying
conductor?

Ans. Take a small rod (AB) of aluminium and suspend it with a stand; using two connecting
wires.

Take a horse-shoe magnet and keep it in a way that its magnetic field is in upward
direction. For this, the north pole should be at the bottom and south pole should be at
the top. The aluminium rod should be between the two poles of this magnet.

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 Now connect the aluminium rod to a battery and plug key so that current flows
through it from B to A.
You will notice that the aluminum rod moves towards left.
Now, change the direction of current from A to B.
In this case, the aluminium rod moves towards right.

In this experiment, direction of current and direction of magnetic field are mutually
perpendicular. Direction of movement of aluminium rod is perpendicular to direction of
current and direction of magnetic field.

Fleming’s Left-Hand Rule: If the thumb, index finger and ring finger of left hand are kept in
mutually perpendicular direction then index finger shows the direction of magnetic field,
ring finger shows the direction of electric current and thumb shows the direction of
deflection in current carrying conductor. By using this rule, we can easily find the direction
of deflection.

29. Draw a labelled circuit diagram of a simple electric motor and explain its working.
In what way these simple electric motors are different from commercial motors?

Ans. ABCD is a coil which is placed between the two poles of a permanent magnet. The coil is

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placed in such a way that the direction of current is perpendicular to the direction of
magnetic field.

Arms of the coil are attached to a split ring; which has two halves P and Q. Arms AB is
attached to the half P, and arm CD is attached to the half Q.
The split rings are touching two static brushes X and Y from which they get electricity
supply. The split rings are insulated from inside. An axle is passing through the split
rings.
A battery supplies electric current to the coil. The flow of current is from A to B and
from C to D.

Working of Electric Motor:

Obeying Fleming’s Left Hand rule, when current passes from A to B; the arm AB of coil
moves down. On the contrary, when current passes from C to D; the arm CD moves up.

When the coil makes half a turn, P of split ring touches brush Y and its opposite happens
with Q of split ring. As a result, the direction of current gets reversed. This means current
now flows D to C and from B to A. This pushes CD down and AB up. As a result, the coil turns
continuously.

30. Explain the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction. Describe an experiment to

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show that a current is set up in a closed loop when an external magnetic field passing
through the loop increases or decreases.

Ans. Electromagnetic Induction: This was first demonstrated by Michael faraday in 1831.
When a conductor and magnetic field are in motion relative to each other, electric currents is
induced in the conductor. This phenomenon is called electromagnetic induction.

Take two coils with large number of turns. Let us assume that number of turns in one
coil is 100 and in another coil it is 50.
Insert a cylinder of a non-conducting material through these coils.
Connect the coil with 50 turns to a galvanometer.
Connect the coil with 100 turns to a battery and plug key.

Observation:

When key is switched on, deflection is seen in galvanometer.

When key is switched off, deflection is seen in galvanometer; but in opposite
direction.
This shows that whenever there is a change in strength of magnetic field, current is
induced in the coil.

31. Describe the working of an AC generator with the help of a labeled circuit diagram.
What changes must be made in the arrangement to convert it to a DC generator?

Ans. ABCD is rectangular coil placed between the two poles of a permanent magnet.

Arms AB of coil is attached to a ring R1 and arm CD is attached to the ring R2.

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 R1 and R2 are insulated from inside and are attached to an axle.

A brush B1 touches R1 and another brush B2 touches R2.

A galvanometer is connected to B1 and B2 to show the flow and direction of current in

the circuit.

Working of AC Generator:

AC generator works in Fleming’s Right Hand Rule.

When coil is rotated within the magnetic field, electric current is induced in it.
Let us assume that the coil is rotating clocking in this figure. This means, AB is moving
up and CD is moving down.
When AB is moving up, current flows in it from A to B.
When CD is moving down, current flows in it from C to D.
After half a turn; relative positions of AB and CD change. Now, CD is moving up hence
current is moving from D to C. Similarly, AB is moving down hence current is moving
from B to A.
So, after every half turn the direction of current changes in this generator. This means
alternating current is being generated.

Conversion of AC generator to DC generator: For this, a split ring commutator is used in

place of two separate rings. A split ring commutator maintains the direction of current in
one direction and it becomes a DC generator.

32. Draw an appropriate schematic diagram showing common domestic circuits and
discuss the importance of fuse. Why is it that a burnt out fuse should be replaced by

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another fuse of identical rating?

Ans.

Important of Fuse:

Fuse is an important safety device in household wiring and in electrical appliance.

Fuse prevents any damage to the circuit and appliance which may happen due to
overload.
Fuse prevents accidental fire which may happen because of short circuit.

Fuse of a particular rating is used with a particular appliance. A fuse with lower rating
would result in lot of inconvenience because of frequent need of changing the fuse. A fuse
with higher rating would not serve the purpose because it will not melt even if the current
exceeds the limit of the device. Hence, a burnt out fuse should be replaced by another fuse of
identical rating.

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