CHAPTER – 1

INTRODUCTION

In this modern era of development, automation of everything is the need of the hour. The
basic aim of any development is to ease the human life. Home automation aims at automating is
the human lives. Activating the home appliances without conventional switch but by using a
smartphone is known as home automation. Home automation is the use of one or more
computerized remotes to control basic home functions and features remotely and sometimes
automatically. An automated home is sometimes called a smart home. In present day world, more
emphasis is put on wireless technology. It is because; wired networks are messy and really
complicated. These wireless technologies have impacted human life in a positive manner and
human, are development speed has increased fore fold. The main wireless technologies used in
home are automation are GSM, Internet, Cloud and Bluetooth. Each technology has its own
advantages and disadvantages. But Bluetooth based home automation systems have way more
advantages. Devices can be connected from a range of 10m to 100m and this range can be increased
by using architecture. Also the frequency used for Bluetooth is 2.4GHz, which is globally
available. The speed that can be fetched for Bluetooth services is up to 3Mbps. It is these basic
advantages that driven as automation system.
The innovative aspect of this class is to effectively teach a course with a substantial lab
component within the MOOC format. If MOOCs are truly going to transform the education, then
they must be able to deliver laboratory classes. This offering will go a long way in unraveling the
perceived complexities in delivering a laboratory experience to tens of thousands of students. If
successful, the techniques developed in this class will significantly transform the MOOC
environment. We believe effective education requires students to learn by doing. In the
traditional academic setting this active learning is delivered in a lab format. A number of
important factors have combined that allow a lab class like this to be taught at this time. First, we
have significant support from industrial partners ARM Inc. and Texas Instruments. Second, the
massive growth of embedded microcontrollers has made the availability of lost-cost development
platforms feasible. Third, your instructors have the passion, patience, and experience of

HOME AUTOMATION LIGHT CONTROL USING BLUETOOTH 1

delivering quality lab experiences to large classes. Fourth, on-line tools now exist that allow
students to interact and support each other.
The overall educational objective of this class is to allow students to discover how the computer
interacts with its environment. It will provide hands-on experiences of how an embedded system
could be used to solve problems. The focus of this introductory course will be understanding and
analysis rather than design. It takes an effective approach to learning new techniques by doing
them. We feel we have solved the dilemma in learning a laboratory-based topic like embedded
systems where there is a tremendous volume of details that first must be learned before hardware
and software systems can be designed.

1.1 INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED SYSTEMS:

An embedded system is a special-purpose computer system designed to perform one or a

few dedicated functions, sometimes with real-time computing constraints. It is usually embedded
as part of a complete device including hardware and mechanical parts. In contrast, a general-
purpose computer, such as a personal computer, can do many different tasks depending on
programming. Embedded systems have become very important today as they control many of the
common devices we use.
Since the embedded system is dedicated to specific tasks, design engineers can optimize it,
reducing the size and cost of the product, or increasing the reliability and performance. Some
embedded systems are mass-produced, benefiting from economies of scale.
An embedded system is some combination of computer hardware and software, either fixed
in capability or programmable, that is specifically designed for a particular kind of application
device. Industrial machines, automobiles, medical equipment, cameras, household appliances,
airplanes, vending machines, and toys (as well as the more obvious cellular phone and PDA) are
among the myriad possible hosts of an embedded system. Embedded systems that are
programmable are provided with a programming interface, and embedded systems programming
is a specialized occupation.

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 Figure 1: Embedded Systems Design

Certain operating systems or language platforms are tailored for the embedded market, such as
Embedded Java and Windows XP Embedded. However, some low-end consumer products use
very inexpensive microprocessors and limited storage, with the application and operating system
both part of a single program. The program is written permanently into the system's memory in
this case, rather than being loaded into RAM (random access memory), as programs on a personal
computer are.
Although the students are engaged with a fun and rewarding lab experience, the educational
pedagogy is centered on fundamental learning objectives. After the successful conclusion of this
class, students should be able to understand the basic components of a computer, write C
language programs that perform I/O functions and implement simple data structures, manipulate
numbers in multiple formats, and understand how software uses global memory to store
permanent information and the stack to store temporary information. Our goal is for students to
learn these concepts:
1. Understanding how the computer stores and manipulates data,
2. The understanding of embedded systems using modular design and abstraction,
3. C programming: considering both function and style,

HOME AUTOMATION LIGHT CONTROL USING BLUETOOTH 3

 4. The strategic use of memory,
5. Debugging and verification using a simulator and on the real microcontroller
6. How input/output using switches, LEDs, DACs, ADCs, motors, and serial ports,
7. The implementation of an I/O driver, multithreaded programming,
8. Understanding how local variables and parameters work,
9. Analog to digital conversion (ADC), periodic sampling,
10. Simple motors (e.g., open and closed-loop stepper motor control),
11. Digital to analog conversion (DAC), used to make simple sounds,
12. Design and implementation of elementary data structures.

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 CHAPTER – 2

REQUIRED HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE COMPONENTS

● Arduino UNO
● HC-05 Bluetooth module
● USB Cable
● Connecting wires
● Jumper wires
● Adapter 9V/2amp
● 4-Channel relay module
● 4 bulbs
● Holders
● Android Mobile phone
● Bluetooth SPP manager App
● Arduino software IDE

2.1 ARDUINO UNO:

The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328. The Arduino UNO
is the most used board in the family of Arduino boards. "Uno" means one in Italian and is named to
mark the upcoming release of Arduino 1.0. The Uno and version 1.0 will be the reference versions
of Arduino, moving forward. The Uno is the latest in a series of USB Arduino boards, and the
reference model for the Arduino platform.

It has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog
inputs, a 16 MHz ceramic resonator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset
button. It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer
with a USB cable or power it with an AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started.

HOME AUTOMATION LIGHT CONTROL USING BLUETOOTH 5

 Figure 2: Pin diagram of Arduino

Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P (datasheet). It has

14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs,
a 16 MHz quartz crystal, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header and a reset
button. It contains everything needed to support the microcontroll er; simply connect it
to a computer with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get
started.. You can tinker with your UNO without worrying too much about doing
something wrong, worst case scenario you can replace the chip for a few dollars and
start over again.

"Uno" means one in Italian and was chosen to mark the release of Arduino Software
(IDE) 1.0. The Uno board and version 1.0 of Arduino Software (IDE) were the
reference versions of Arduino, now evolved to newer releases. The Uno board is the
first in a series of USB Arduino boards, and the reference model for the Arduino
platform; for an extensive list of current, past or outdated boards see the Arduino index
of boards.

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The specifications of Arduino UNO microcontroller board are listed below:
S.NO Parameter Value

1 CPU Type 8 bit AVR

2 Microcontroller used Atmega328p
3 Operating Voltage 5V
4 Performance 20MIPS at 20MHZ
5 Input Voltage(recommended) 7-12 V
6 Input Voltage (limits) 6-20V
7 Digital I/O pins 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)
8 Analog input pins 6
9 DC current per I/O 40mA
10 DC current for 3.3V pin 50mA
11 Flash Memory 32KB (of which 0.5 KB used by boot
loader)
12 SRAM 2KB
13 EEPROM 1KB
14 Clock speed 16MHZ
15 Pin Count 28-pin PDIP,MLF,32 PIN TQFP,MLF
16 Maximum Operating Frequency 20MHZ
17 No of channels 16
18 Hardware Q Touch Acquisition NO
19 Maximum I/O pins 26
20 External Interrupts 24
21 SPI 2
22 8 bit Timers/counters 2
23 16 bit Timers/counters 1
24 ADC 10 bit 15K SPS
25 ADC Channels 8

Table 1: Specifications of Arduino

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2.2 HC-05 Bluetooth Module:

HC-05 module is an easy to use Bluetooth SPP (Serial Port Protocol) module, designed for
transparent wireless serial connection setup. ... It uses CSR Bluecore 04-External single chip
Bluetooth system with CMOS technology and with AFH (Adaptive Frequency Hopping Feature).
It has the footprint as small as 12.7mmx27mm.HC-05 Bluetooth module provides switching mode
between master and slave mode which means it able to use neither receiving nor transmitting data.
Comparing it to the HC-06 module, which can only be set as a Slave, the HC-05 can be set as
Master as well which enables making a communication between two separate Arduino Boards.

Figure 3: HC-05 Bluetooth module

FEATURES:

● Typical -80dBm sensitivity

● Up to +4dBm RF transmit power
● Low Power 1.8V Operation ,1.8 to 3.6V I/O
● PIO control
● UART interface with programmable baud rate
● With integrated antenna

HOME AUTOMATION LIGHT CONTROL USING BLUETOOTH 8

List of applications

 Wireless control and communication between a mobile phone. This was one of the earliest
applications to become popular.
 Wireless control of and communication between a mobile phone and a Bluetooth compatible
car stereo system.
 Wireless control of and communication with iOS and Android device phones, tablets and
portable wireless speakers.
 Wireless Bluetooth headset and Intercom. Idiomatically, a headset is sometimes called "a
Bluetooth".
 Wireless streaming of audio to headphones with or without communication capabilities.
 Wireless streaming of data collected by Bluetooth-enabled fitness devices to phone or PC.
 Wireless networking between PCs in a confined space and where little bandwidth is required.
 Wireless communication with PC input and output devices, the most common being
the mouse, keyboard and printer.
 Transfer of files, contact details, calendar appointments, and reminders between devices
with OBEX.
 Replacement of previous wired RS-232 serial communications in test equipment, GPS
receivers, medical equipment, bar code scanners, and traffic control devices.
 For controls where infrared was often used.
 For low bandwidth applications where higher USB bandwidth is not required and cable-free
connection desired.
 Sending small advertisements from Bluetooth-enabled advertising hoardings to other,
discoverable, Bluetooth devices.
 Wireless bridge between two Industrial Ethernet (e.g., PROFINET) networks.
 Seventh and eighth generation game consoles such
as Nintendo's Wii, and Sony's PlayStation 3 use Bluetooth for their respective wireless
controllers.
 Dial-up internet access on personal computers or PDAs using a data-capable mobile phone
as a wireless modem.

HOME AUTOMATION LIGHT CONTROL USING BLUETOOTH 9

 Short-range transmission of health sensor data from medical devices to mobile phone, set-top
box or dedicated telehealth devices.
 Allowing a DECT phone to ring and answer calls on behalf of a nearby mobile phone.
 Real-time location systems (RTLS) are used to track and identify the location of objects in
real time using "Nodes" or "tags" attached to, or embedded in, the objects tracked, and
"Readers" that receive and process the wireless signals from these tags to determine their
locations.
 Personal security application on mobile phones for prevention of theft or loss of items. The
protected item has a Bluetooth marker (e.g., a tag) that is in constant communication with the
phone. If the connection is broken (the marker is out of range of the phone) then an alarm is
raised. This can also be used as a man overboard alarm. A product using this technology has
been available since 2009.
 Calgary, Alberta, Canada's Roads Traffic division uses data collected from travelers'
Bluetooth devices to predict travel times and road congestion for motorists.
 Wireless transmission of audio (a more reliable alternative to FM transmitters)
 Live video streaming to the visual cortical implant device by nab eel Fattah in Newcastle
university 2017.[3
 Connection of motion controllers to a PC when using VR headsets

2.3 4-Channel relay module:

This is a 5V 4-channel relay interface board, and each channel needs a 15-20mA driver
current. It can be used to control various appliances and equipment with large current. It is
equipped with high-current relays that work under AC250V 10A or DC30V 10A.Relays work on
electromagnetism, When the Relay coil is energized it acts like a magnet and changes the position
of a switch. The circuit which powers the coil is completely isolated from the part which switches
ON/OFF, This provides electrical isolation. This is the reason we can control a relay using 5V’s
from an Arduino and the other end of it could be running a 230V appliance, the 230V end is
completely isolated from the 5V Arduino circuitry.

HOME AUTOMATION LIGHT CONTROL USING BLUETOOTH 10

 We can control high voltage electronic devices using relays. A Relay is actually a switch
which is electrically operated by an electromagnet. The electromagnet is activated with a low
voltage, for example 5 volts from a microcontroller and it pulls a contact to make or break a high
voltage circuit. First let’s take a look at the circuit diagram. As previously described we will use a
5V Adapter as a separate power supply for the electromagnet connected to the JD Vcc and the
Ground pin. The Arduino’s 5V pin will be connected to the Vcc pin of the module and the pin
number 7 to the In1 input pin for controlling the relay. Now for the HIGH Voltage part we need a
power plug, a socket and a cable with two wires. One of the two wires will be cut and connected
to the common and the normally open pin of the module output connector. So with this
configuration when we will activate the relay we will get the high voltage circuit closed and
working.
Relays work on electromagnetism, When the Relay coil is energized it acts like a magnet and
changes the position of a switch. The circuit which powers the coil is completely isolated from
the part which switches ON/OFF, This provides electrical isolation. This is the reason we can
control a relay using 5V's from an Arduino and the other end of it could be running a 230V
appliance, the 230V end is completely isolated from the 5V Arduino circuitry.

To connect the 4 Relay board to an Arduino is very easy and allows you to turn on and off a
wide range of devices, both AC and DC. The first to connections are the ground and power pins,
you need to connect the Arduino +5v to the 4 Relay board VCC pin and the Arduino ground to
the 4 Relay board GND pin. Then it’s a only a matter of just connecting the communication
pins, labeled IN1, IN2, IN3 and IN4, two 4 data pins on the Arduino. In the example code below
us used Arduino pins 7, 8, 9, 10. It’s a good idea to avoid using Data pins 0 and 1 as they are
used by the Arduino for serial communication and can cause problems when uploading code to
the Arduino.

The default state of the relay when the power is off for COMM (power) to be connected to NC
(normally closed), this is the equivalent of setting the 4 Relay boards IN pin to HIGH (has +5v
sent to it) It is a safety feature to not use the NC connector in-case you Arduino loses power it
will automatically turns off all the devices connected to the relay. When you have something

HOME AUTOMATION LIGHT CONTROL USING BLUETOOTH 11

connected to the relays NO (Normally Open) connector and you set the corresponding IN pin to
LOW (0v), power will flow in from the COMM connector and out of the NO connector
powering your device.
FEATURES:

 Size: 75mm (Length) * 55mm (Width) * 19.3mm (Height)

 Weight: 61g
 PCB Color: Blue
 There are four fixed screw holes at each corner of the board, easy for install and fix. The
diameter of the hole is 3.1mm
 High quality Songle relay is used with single pole double throw, a common terminal, a
normally open terminal, and a normally closed terminal
 Optical coupling isolation, good anti-interference.
 Closed at low level with indicator on, released at high level with indicator off
 VCC is system power source, and JD_VCC is relay power source. Ship 5V relay by default.
Plug jumper cap to use
 The maximum output of the relay: DC 30V/10A, AC 250V/10A

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 SPECIFICATIONS:

● 5V 4-Channel Relay interface board

● Requires 15-20mA signal drive Current
● TTL logic compatible
● High-current AC250V/10A, DC30V/10A relay
● Status LED
● Equipped with 3.1mm screw holes for easy installation
● 61g
● 75 x 55 x 19.3mm (2.95 x 2.16 x 0.76")

Figure 4: pin configuration of 4-Channel relay module

2.4.1 Android mobile with Bluetooth SPP manager App:

Bluetooth SPP Manager is an app, which provides communication between Bluetooth

enabled devices. Therefore it uses the RFCOMM Protocol also known as Serial Port Protocol (SPP)
to transmit data between devices. This app shows various properties of connected Bluetooth devices
as well as devices around and communicates with them. A built in server can accept incoming
connections from any other device. Furthermore this app has an integrated Real Time Clock
Manager. With this feature someone can send the current or some predefined time to a remote
device. For example this enables to set the RTC of a microcontroller and further show the current
time on a LCD.

HOME AUTOMATION LIGHT CONTROL USING BLUETOOTH 13

FEATURES:

*Communication between Bluetooth devices via SPP (iOS needs Jailbreak)

*Transmit text files
*File Explorer - create/edit/share or delete files in your workspace
*Speech Input for messages
*Server for incoming Bluetooth connection
*Save/Share the whole message history or single messages
*Information about connected Bluetooth device, devices around or paired devices
*Filter for messages
*Timestamps for incoming/outgoing messages
*Several newline characters
*RTC Manager for transmission of time data to the microcontroller platform
*10-Byte mode for easy transmission of time to the microcontroller
*Tablet optimized layout

2.4.1 Disable or Enable Bluetooth for an Android device

In order to activate your Tiles, and to connect them to your Android device, Bluetooth must
be turned on.

(Note: Each Android device may vary -- like Samsung vs Nexus -- and so such if you're unable to
find your Bluetooth settings, please see your phone's manual or support site.)

General Android Bluetooth settings:

1. Tap on Settings on your Android device.

2. Look for "Bluetooth" or the Bluetooth symbol in your settings and tap it.
3. There should be an option to enable or disable it. Please tap or swipe on it so that is in
the "on" position.
4. Close out of Settings and you’re on your way!

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HOME AUTOMATION LIGHT CONTROL USING BLUETOOTH 15
 CHAPTER – 3

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION

3.1Block diagram:

Figure 5: Block Diagram

▪ The development of home automation is based on Arduino Uno technology.

▪ In this illustration we will going to write the HC-05 Bluetooth module using serial communication
with the Arduino board.

▪ And also 4-channel relay module is in serial communication with Bluetooth module and Arduino
board.

3.2 Steps for Hardware Assembly:

[1] This home automation system consists of two main hardware components: the cell phone and
the Uno Arduino board.

[2] The cell phone hosts the Bluetooth which enables the user to access the home appliances and
also the control commands for the appliances.

HOME AUTOMATION LIGHT CONTROL USING BLUETOOTH 16

 [3] This Bluetooth communicates with the Uno Arduino board and sets up an ad-hoc
communication protocol between the two devices, which allows controlling the behavior of
the Uno Arduino board.

It supports wireless serial communication over Bluetooth.

This board has 23 digital input and output ports, 16kB of flash memory, 10-bit analog to
digital converter, pulse width modulator and extra hardware resources which makes it suitable
for the required task.

The Uno Arduino board can be programmed wirelessly over the Bluetooth connection
using the microcontroller’s high-level interactive C language.

3.2.1Steps for software Assembly:

[1] Bluetooth-compatible devices perform „inquiries‟ to detect and find other Bluetooth enabled
devices within the area.

[2] When performing an inquiry, an application must wait to about 10 seconds for a 95% chance
of detecting every device.

[3] Not only does this process take time, it also consumes power.

[4] To minimize the need for an inquiry and hence saving time and power, Python allows an
application to retrieve a list of devices that would probably be in an area without performing an
inquiry.

3.2.2 Steps for Bluetooth SPP manager App:

1. Take the appropriate actions to put your device in Bluetooth SPP mode.

2. Make your device discoverable and connectable.

3. Navigate to your host device's Bluetooth settings

HOME AUTOMATION LIGHT CONTROL USING BLUETOOTH 17

4. Tap on your scanner's Bluetooth name to pair with it.

5. After pairing through your host device's Bluetooth settings, launch (or open) the application you
wish to use with your scanner.

6. Navigate to the application's settings/connection manager.

7. Pair your scanner with the Bluetooth-SPP supporting application.

8. We mainly need an Arduino and Bluetooth

3.3 Circuit diagram and description:

The circuit design of Home Automation based on Arduino and Bluetooth is very simple
and is explained below. The Bluetooth module has 4 – pins: VCC, TX, RX and GND. VCC and
GND are connected to 5V and ground from Arduino UNO. The Bluetooth module works on 3.3V
and it has an on board 5V to 3.3V regulator.
The TX and RX pins of the Bluetooth module must be connected to RX and TX pins of the
Arduino. In Arduino UNO, we are defining pins 2 and 4 as RX and TX using software. Hence, TX
of Bluetooth is connected to pin 4 of Arduino.
But when connecting RX of Bluetooth to TX of Arduino (or any microcontroller as a matter
of fact), we need to be careful as the pin can tolerate only 3.3V. But the voltage from TX or
Arduino will be 5V.
So, a voltage divider network consisting of 10K and 20K resistors are used to reduce the
voltage to 3.3V approximately.

HOME AUTOMATION LIGHT CONTROL USING BLUETOOTH 18

 Figure 9: Circuit Diagram of Home automation control using Bluetooth

HOME AUTOMATION LIGHT CONTROL USING BLUETOOTH 19

 3.4 WORKING EXPLANATION:

Home automation is a network of hardware, communication, and electronic interfaces

that work to integrate everyday devices with one another via the Internet. Each device has
sensors and is connected through Wi-Fi, so you can manage them from your smartphone or
tablet whether you’re at home, or miles away. This allows you to turn on the lights, lock the
front door, or even turn down the heat, no matter where you are.
There are three main elements of a home automation system: sensors, controllers, and
actuators. Sensors can monitor changes in daylight, temperature, or motion detection. Home
automation systems can then adjust those settings (and more) to your preferences. Controllers
refer to the devices — personal computers, tablets or smartphones — used to send and receive
messages about the status of automated features in your home.
Actuators may be light switches, motors, or motorized valves that control the actual
mechanism, or function, of a home automation system. They are programmed to be activated
by a remote command from a controller.

1. A simple home automation project using Arduino UNO, Bluetooth module and a
smartphone.
2. The aim of this project is to control different home appliances using a smartphone.
3. The working of the project is explained here.
4. When the power is turned on, the connection LED on the Bluetooth module starts
blinking. We need to start the “Bluetooth Controller” app in our smartphone and get
connected to the Bluetooth module. If the pairing is successful, the LED becomes stable.
5. Now, in the app, we need to set different keys for different loads and their corresponding
value that must be transmitted when that key is pressed.
6. The following image shows a set of keys to control 4 loads and an additional key to turn
off all the loads.

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3.5 FLOW CHART:

HOME AUTOMATION LIGHT CONTROL USING BLUETOOTH 21

 CHAPTER - 4

RESULTS

The code is written in Arduino software, compiled and dumped.

The Aurdino and bluetooth SPP manager app are connected through 4-channel relay , as
shown in figures below.

Figure 11: Screenshot showing bluetooth connected

HOME AUTOMATION LIGHT CONTROL USING BLUETOOTH 22

The hardware connections are made.

When the code is dumped and bluetooth is connected to the relay, the bulb will glow as shown in
below figure.

Figure 12: Hardware and SPP manager app connected to circuit.

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 CHAPTER – 5

CONCLUSIONS

In this paper we have introduced design and implementation of a low cost, flexible and
wireless solution to the home automation. The system is secured for access from any user or
intruder. The users are expected to acquire pairing password for the Arduino BT and the cell phone
to access the home appliances. This adds a protection from unauthorized users. This system can
be used as a test bed for any appliances that requires on-off switching applications without any
internet connection

The full functionality of the home automation system wasted and the wireless
communication between the cellphone and Arduino BT was found to be limited to <50m ina
concreted building and maximum of 100m range was reported to be applicable in an open range.
Right now the Symbian OS cell phones only support Python scripts. For future work it is
recommende d to develop the GUI application for the cell phone to be written in Java so that it
can be supported by most of the cell phones available nowadays.

Managing all of your home devices from one place. The convenience factor here is
enormous. Being able to keep all of the technology in your home connected through one interface
is a massive step forward for technology and home management. Theoretically, all you’ll have to
do is learn how to use one app on your smartphone and tablet, and you’ll be able to tap into
countless functions and devices throughout your home. This cuts way back on the learning curve
for new users, makes it easier to access the functionality you truly want for your home.
Flexibility for new devices and appliances. Smart home systems tend to be wonderfully flexible
when it comes to the accommodation of new devices and appliances and other technology. No
matter how state-of-the-art your appliances seem today, there will be newer, more impressive
models developed as time goes on. Beyond that, you’ll probably add to your suite of devices as

HOME AUTOMATION LIGHT CONTROL USING BLUETOOTH 24

you replace the older ones or discover new technology to accompany your indoor and outdoor
spaces. Being able to integrate these newcomers seamlessly will make your job as a homeowner
much easier, and allow you to keep upgrading to the latest lifestyle technology.Maximizing home
security. When you incorporate security and surveillance features in your smart home network,
your home security can skyrocket. There are tons of options here -- only a few dozen of which are
currently being explored. For example, home automation systems can connect motion detectors,
surveillance cameras, automated door locks, and other tangible security measures throughout your
home so you can activate them from one mobile device before heading to bed. You can also choose
to receive security alerts on your various devices depending on the time of day an alert goes off,
and monitor activities in real-time whether you’re in the house or halfway around the globe.
Remote control of home functions. Don’t underestimate the power of being able to control
your home’s functions from a distance. On an exceptionally hot day, you can order your house to
become cooler in just enough time before you get home from work. If you’re in a hurry to get
dinner started but you’re still at the store, you can have your oven start to preheat while you’re still
on your way home. You can even check to see if you left the lights on, who is at your front door,
or make sure you turned off all your media while you’re away. Increased energy efficiency.
Depending on how you use your smart-home technology, it’s possible to make your space more
energy-efficient. For example, you can have more precise control over the heating and cooling of
your home with a programmable smart thermostat that learns your schedule and temperature
preferences, and then suggests the best energy efficient settings throughout the day. Lights and
motorized shades can be programed to switch to an evening mode as the sun sets, or lights can turn
on and off automatically when you enter or leave the room, so you never have to worry about
wasting energy.
Improved appliance functionality. Smart homes can also help you run your appliances
better. A smart TV will help you find better apps and channels to locate your favorite
programming. A smart oven will assist you with cooking your chicken to perfection -- without
ever worrying about overcooking or undercooking it. An intelligently designed home theater and
audio system can make managing your movie and music collection effortless when entertaining
guests. Ultimately, connecting your appliances and other systems with automation technology will
improve your appliance effectiveness and overall make your home life much more easier and

HOME AUTOMATION LIGHT CONTROL USING BLUETOOTH 25

enjoyable! Home management insights. There’s also something to be said for your ability to tap
into insights on how your home operates. You can monitor how often you watch TV (and what
you watch), what kind of meals you cook in your oven, the type of foods you keep in your
refrigerator, and your energy consumption habits over time. From these insights, you may be able
to analyze your daily habits and behaviors, and make adjustments to live the lifestyle you desire.

5.1 FUTURE SCOPE:

Near trends suggest that home automation industry is taking giant leaps. A lot is happening in
this space since last two years. Many new start ups have come up with innovative products and
have reduced the cost drastically. This all suggest that India is also going to catch up with west in
home automation segment very shortly.
One such company Pert is offering home automation with varied offering and reliable solutions:
Pert Home Automation lets you control your switches and devices at the tap of a button. With
one Pert you can manage up to 8 switches and every Pert comes with an installation and a free
iOS and Android App. It helps in minimizing your electricity consumption. With the Pert App,
you can set an alarm for your home to switch on or switch off any gadget or appliance as per
your convenience. You can choose when and how long the device has to be turned ON or OFF.
One unique feature of Pert is that it works even when there is no Wi-Fi connectivity.

1. The system as the name indicates, ‘Home automation’ makes the system more flexible
2. Provides attractive user interface compared to other home automation systems.
3. In this system we integrate mobile devices into home automation systems. A novel
architecture for a home automation system is proposed using the relatively new
communication technologies.
4. 3.The system consists of mainly three contentions is a BLUETOOTH module, Arduino
And relay circuits.

HOME AUTOMATION LIGHT CONTROL USING BLUETOOTH 26

REFERENCES:
[1] The official Bluetooth website from Bluetooth SIG:http://www.bluetooth.com

[2] Neng- Shiang Liang; Li-Chen Fu; Chao-Lin Wu. “An integrated, flexible, and Internet-based
control architecture for home automation system in the internet era” .Proceedings ICRA `02. IEEE
International Conference on Robotics and Automation, Vol. 2, pp.1101-1106, 2002

.[3] E. Yavuz, B. Hasan, I. Serkan and K. Duygu. “Safe and Secure PIC Based Remote Control
Application for Intelligent Home”. International Journal of Computer Science and Network
Security, Vol. 7, No. 5, May 2007.

[4] B. Koyuncu. “PC remote control of appliances by using telephone lines”. IEEE Transaction
on Consumer Electronics, Vol. 41, Issue 1, pp.201-209, 1995.

[5] S. Schneider, J. Swanson and Peng-Yung Woo. “Remote telephone control system”. IEEE
Transaction on Consumer Electronics, Vol.43, Issue 2, pp.103-111, 1997.

[6] IFTTT: https://ifttt.com/discover https://www.pocketlint.com/SmartHome/SmarHomenew s

[7] Blynk : https://www.blynk.cc/ https://docs.blynk.cc/

[8]NodeMCU:https://nodemcu.readthedocs.io/en/master
https://iotbytes.wordpress.com/nodemcupinout/

[9]GoogleAssistant:https://assistant.google.com/intl/en_in/
https://www.pocketlint.com/Apps/Appsnews/Googleapp news
[10] IoT: https://internetofthingsagenda.techtarget.com/definition /IoT-device

[11] ULN2803 IC working: http://www.gadgetronicx.com/working-of-uln2803-ic/

[12]Webhooks:https://webhooks.pbworks.com/w/page/13385124/Fro ntPage

HOME AUTOMATION LIGHT CONTROL USING BLUETOOTH 27

[13] Application/JSON:https://www.json.org/

[14] Arduino IDE: https://www.arduino.cc/en/Guide/Environment

HOME AUTOMATION LIGHT CONTROL USING BLUETOOTH 28

 APPENDIX A

PROGRAM CODE

CODE :-
String inputs;
#define relay1 2 //Connect relay1 to pin 9
#define relay2 3 //Connect relay2 to pin 8
#define relay3 4 //Connect relay3 to pin 7
#define relay4 5 //Connect relay4 to pin 6
#define relay5 6 //Connect relay5 to pin 5
#define relay6 7 //Connect relay6 to pin 4
#define relay7 8 //Connect relay7 to pin 3
#define relay8 9 //Connect relay8 to pin 2
void setup()
{
Serial.begin(9600); //Set rate for communicating with phone
pinMode(relay1, OUTPUT); //Set relay1 as an output
pinMode(relay2, OUTPUT); //Set relay2 as an output
pinMode(relay3, OUTPUT); //Set relay1 as an output
pinMode(relay4, OUTPUT); //Set relay2 as an output
pinMode(relay5, OUTPUT); //Set relay1 as an output
pinMode(relay6, OUTPUT); //Set relay2 as an output
pinMode(relay7, OUTPUT); //Set relay1 as an output
pinMode(relay8, OUTPUT); //Set relay2 as an output
digitalWrite(relay1, LOW); //Switch relay1 off
digitalWrite(relay2, LOW); //Swtich relay2 off
digitalWrite(relay3, LOW); //Switch relay1 off
digitalWrite(relay4, LOW); //Swtich relay2 off
digitalWrite(relay5, LOW); //Switch relay1 off
digitalWrite(relay6, LOW); //Swtich relay2 off
digitalWrite(relay7, LOW); //Switch relay1 off
digitalWrite(relay8, LOW); //Swtich relay2 off
}
void loop()
{
while(Serial.available()) //Check if there are available bytes to read
{
delay(10); //Delay to make it stable
char c = Serial.read(); //Conduct a serial read
if (c == ‘#’){
break; //Stop the loop once # is detected after a word
}

HOME AUTOMATION LIGHT CONTROL USING BLUETOOTH 29

inputs += c; //Means inputs = inputs + c
}
if (inputs.length() >0)
{
Serial.println(inputs);

if(inputs == “A”)
{
digitalWrite(relay1, LOW);
}
else if(inputs == “a”)
{
digitalWrite(relay1, HIGH);
}
else if(inputs == “B”)
{
digitalWrite(relay2, LOW);
}
else if(inputs == “b”)
{
digitalWrite(relay2, HIGH);
}
else if(inputs == “C”)
{
digitalWrite(relay3, LOW);
}
else if(inputs == “c”)
{
digitalWrite(relay3, HIGH);
}
else if(inputs == “D”)
{
digitalWrite(relay4, LOW);
}
else if(inputs == “d”)
{
digitalWrite(relay4, HIGH);
}
else if(inputs == “E”)
{
digitalWrite(relay5, LOW);
}
else if(inputs == “e”)
{
digitalWrite(relay5, HIGH);

HOME AUTOMATION LIGHT CONTROL USING BLUETOOTH 30

}
else if(inputs == “F”)
{
digitalWrite(relay6, LOW);
}
else if(inputs == “f”)
{
digitalWrite(relay6, HIGH);
}
else if(inputs == “G”)
{
digitalWrite(relay7, LOW);
}
else if(inputs == “g”)
{
digitalWrite(relay7, HIGH);
}
else if(inputs == “H”)
{
digitalWrite(relay8, LOW);
}
else if(inputs == “h”)
{
digitalWrite(relay8, HIGH);
}
inputs=””;
}
}

HOME AUTOMATION LIGHT CONTROL USING BLUETOOTH 31