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Speed Governing Mechanism and Modelling: Governor

The document discusses speed governing mechanisms for power systems. It describes how frequency control is achieved through generator control mechanisms. The governing systems for thermal and hydro plants differ due to water inertia constraints for hydro plants. Both systems sense shaft speed and compare it to a reference to increase or decrease power output by controlling steam or water inlet valves. A speed governing mechanism includes a speed governor for error sensing, governor controlled valves to control turbine input, a speed control mechanism between the governor and valves, and a speed changer to adjust generator speed while operating. The document also describes how governor systems provide either isochronous or drooping speed characteristics based on the presence of a linkage between the pilot valve and control valve.

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Rahul Singh
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1K views2 pages

Speed Governing Mechanism and Modelling: Governor

The document discusses speed governing mechanisms for power systems. It describes how frequency control is achieved through generator control mechanisms. The governing systems for thermal and hydro plants differ due to water inertia constraints for hydro plants. Both systems sense shaft speed and compare it to a reference to increase or decrease power output by controlling steam or water inlet valves. A speed governing mechanism includes a speed governor for error sensing, governor controlled valves to control turbine input, a speed control mechanism between the governor and valves, and a speed changer to adjust generator speed while operating. The document also describes how governor systems provide either isochronous or drooping speed characteristics based on the presence of a linkage between the pilot valve and control valve.

Uploaded by

Rahul Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SPEED GOVERNING MECHANISM AND MODELLING

Governor:
The power system is basically dependent upon the synchronous generator and its
satisfactory performance. The important control loops in the system are:

(i) Frequency control, and


(ii) Automatic voltage control.

Frequency control is achieved through generator control mechanism. The


governing systems for thermal and hydro generating plants are different in nature
since, the inertia of water that flows into the turbine presents additional constrains
which are not present with steam flow in a thermal plant. However, the basic
principle is still the same; i.e. the speed of the shaft is sensed and compared with a
reference, and the feedback signal is utilized to
increase or decrease the power generated by controlling the inlet valve to turbine of
steam or water

Speed Governing Mechanism


The speed governing mechanism includes the following parts.

Speed Governor:
It is an error sensing device in load frequency control. It includes all the elements
that are directly responsive to speed and influence other elements of the system to
initiate action.
Governor Controlled Valves:
They control the input to the turbine and are actuated by the speed control
mechanism.
Speed Control Mechanism:
It includes all equipment such as levers and linkages,servomotors, amplifying
devices and relays that are placed between the speed governor and the governor
controlled valves.
Speed Changer:
It enables the speed governor system to adjust the speed of the generator unit while
in operation.

The pilot valve v operates to increase or decrease the opening of the steam inlet
valve V. Let XB and Xc be the changes in the position of the pilot valve v and
control valve V responding to a change in governor position. XA due to load. When
the pilot valve is closed XB= 0 and Xc == 0, (Le.,) the control valve is not
completely closed, as the unit has to supply its no-load losses. Let be the no-load
angular speed of the turbine. As load is applied, the speed falls and through the
linkages the governor operates to move the piston P downwards along with points
A and B. The pilot valve v admits soil under n and lifts it up so that the input is
increased and speed rise. If the link B is removed then the pilot valve comes to rest
e

only when the speed returns to its original value. An "isochronous" characteristic
will be obtained with such an arrangement where speed is restored to its preload.

With the link Be, the steady state is reached at a speed slightly lower than
the no load speed giving a drooping characteristic for the governor system. A finite
value of the steady state speed regulation is obtained with this arrangement. For a
given speed changer position, the per unit steady state speed regulation is defined
by

Steady state speed regulation = No-Nr/N Where No = Speed at no - load


Nr = Rated speed
N = Speed at rated load

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