Scribd
Upload
56 views27 pages

Fermentation PDF

Lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation are two types of fermentation that convert carbohydrates into cellular energy. Lactic acid fermentation is carried out by bacteria and animal cells under anaerobic conditions, producing lactic acid. Alcoholic fermentation is carried out by yeast under anaerobic conditions, producing ethanol and carbon dioxide. Both processes generate ATP without oxygen.

Uploaded by

Joshua Mendoza
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
56 views27 pages

Fermentation PDF

Lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation are two types of fermentation that convert carbohydrates into cellular energy. Lactic acid fermentation is carried out by bacteria and animal cells under anaerobic conditions, producing lactic acid. Alcoholic fermentation is carried out by yeast under anaerobic conditions, producing ethanol and carbon dioxide. Both processes generate ATP without oxygen.

Uploaded by

Joshua Mendoza
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 27

Lactic Acid Fermentation &

Alcoholic Fermentation
Guevara, Edward
Mayor, Chelsea
Pagaduan, Frances
Reyes, Sheyne
What is Fermentation?

- Metabolic process of converting carbohydrates


into acid or alcohol.
LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION
• Bacteria convert sugar into lactic acid • Yeast (fungi) convert sugar into alcohol
to obtain energy. to obtain energy.
DEFINITION
Lactic acid fermentation is a biological process by which
glucose, fructose, and sucrose are converted into cellular
energy and the metabolite lactate. It is an anaerobic
fermentation reaction that occurs in some bacteria and
animal cells, such as muscle cells.
MECHANISM
When we race too fast or work too
hard the oxygen supply can't keep up with
the need. That is when our muscles
switch from aerobic respiration to lactic
acid fermentation. Lactic acid
fermentation is the process by which our
muscle cells deal with pyruvate during
anaerobic respiration.
IMPORTANCE IN LIVING
ORGANISMS
• Lactic acid fermentation is useful in anaerobic
bacteria because they can convert glucose to two
ATP molecules, which is the "energy
currency"cells use to carry out their life
processes. The waste product of fermentation is
lactic acid.
Lactic Acid Fermentation in Animals and Bacteria
• Lactic acid fermentation creates ATP, which is a
molecule both animals and bacteria need for
energy, when there is no oxygen present.
• Breaks down glucose into two lactate molecules
• Lactate and hydrogen form lactic acid
• Provides an alternative way to generate energy
when normal cellular respiration is not possible.
Lactic Acid Fermentation in Food

• In general, anaerobic bacteria and


yeast are responsible for fermentation
in food products.
• Lactobacillus is a common bacteria in
yogurt and part of the fermentation
process.
Lactic Acid Fermentation in Muscle Cells

• Your muscle cells can produce lactic acid to give you


energy during difficult physical activities.
• Usually happens when there is not enough oxygen in
the body, so lactic acid fermentation provides a way
to get ATP without it
• Process relies on stored energy sources such as
sugars or starches, which it can break down to make
simpler molecules and energy.
• By breaking them down, you get a burst of energy
that can help you finish a race or climb a staircase.
What Is a Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) Test?
• The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) test looks for signs of
damage to the body’s tissues.
• LDH is an enzyme found in almost every cell of your body,
including your blood, muscles, brain, kidneys, and pancreas.
• The enzyme turns sugar into energy. The LDH test measures
the amount of LDH in your blood or other body fluid.
Why Would I Need an LDH Test?
• To measure whether you have tissue damage and, if so, how
much
• To monitor severe infections or conditions like hemolytic or
megaloblastic anemias, kidney disease, and liver disease
• To help evaluate certain cancers or your cancer treatment
You might have an LDH test of body fluids to:

• Find the cause of fluid buildup. It could be due to many things,


like injury and inflammation. (It could also be brought on by
an imbalance in the pressure within blood vessels and the
amount of protein in your blood.)
• Help determine if you have bacterial or viral meningitis.
What Are the Risks or Side Effects?

• Bleeding
• Bruising
• Infection
• Soreness at the site where blood was taken
In cerebrospinal fluid, normal levels are:

• 70 U/L or lower for newborns


• 40 U/L or lower for adults
Higher LDH levels in your cerebrospinal fluid
may mean you have an infection
or inflammation in your central nervous
system. It could also mean you have a
disease that affects your brain or spinal cord,
like bacterial meningitis.
Alcohol Fermentation
also known as Ethanol Fermentation, is the anaerobic pathway carried out by yeasts in which
simple sugars are converted to ethanol and carbon dioxide. Yeasts typically function under
aerobic conditions, or in the presence of oxygen, but are also capable of functioning under
anaerobic conditions, or in the absence of oxygen.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae – common bacteria present in fermentation.
Mechanism
Function
• The main purpose of alcohol
fermentation is to produce ATP, the
energy currency for cells, under
anaerobic conditions. So from the
yeast's perspective, the carbon dioxide
and ethanol are waste products.
Clinical Significance
• Moderate alcohol use for healthy adults means up to one
drink a day for women of all ages and men older than age 65,
and up to two drinks a day for men age 65 and younger.
Benefits of drinking alcohol
• -Reducing your risk of developing and dying from
heart disease
• -Possibly reducing your risk of ischemic stroke
(when the arteries to your brain become narrowed
or blocked, causing severely reduced blood flow)
• -Possibly reducing your risk of diabetes
Disaddvantages of excessive
intake of alcohol
• Certain cancers, including breast cancer and cancers of
the mouth, throat, esophagus and liver
• Pancreatitis
• Sudden death if you already have cardiovascular disease
• Heart muscle damage (alcoholic cardiomyopathy) leading
to heart failure
• Stroke
• High blood pressure
• Liver disease
• Suicide
• Accidental serious injury or death
• Brain damage and other problems in an unborn child
• Alcohol withdrawal syndrome
Pathology
Auto-brewery syndrome or gut
fermentation syndrome is a condition in which
ethanol is produced through endogenous
fermentation in the gastrointestinal (GI)
system. Spontaneous ethanol production
occurs via a different metabolic pathway. Auto-
brewery syndrome occurs in patients with
alcohol intoxication after they
ingest carbohydrate-rich meals.
Pathophysiology
• Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been
identified as the cause of this
condition. Although yeasts such
as Candida albicans may produce
ethanol in-vitro, whether this happens
in healthy subjects has not been
established.

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy