ATM

Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION

Main system description

Degrees of social status are closely linked to health inequalities. Those with poor health tend to fall into poverty
and the poor tend to have poor health. According to the World Health Organization, within countries those of
lower socioeconomic strata have the worst health outcomes. Health also appears to have a strong social
component linking it to education and access to information. Intelligent pillbox is an automatic medicine
vending machine.

A vending machine is a machine which dispenses items such as snacks, beverages, alcohol, cigarettes,
lottery tickets, cologne, consumer products and even gold and gems to customers automatically, after the
customer inserts currency or credit into the machine. The Medicine Vending Machine as the name suggests is a
vending machine that will dispense the required medicine as per the user’s choice. It provides an all-
encompassing solution to an individual looking for immediate symptomatic relief for trivial health problems. It
can also decrease the current costs of open medicine cabinets. By having an over-the-counter vending machine
in the workplace, worksites without clinics or pharmacies can benefit from increased work efficiency and avoid
underperformance of ill employees. Moreover, it prevents hours wasted waiting in queues at clinics for trivial
problems like colds and headaches. This situation gets especially magnified when a location is suffering from a
localized epidemic or pandemic.

How the system works

The project is basically wireless data transfer tool which uses national care card to store the data. In the
application we are using RFID tag for person identification instead of cash payment. RFID tagging is an ID
system that uses small radio frequency identification devices for identification and tracking purposes. An RFID
tagging system includes the tag itself, a read/write device, and a host system application for data collection,
processing, and transmission. RFID belongs to a group of technologies referred to as Automatic Identification
and Data Capture (AIDC). AIDC methods automatically identify objects, collect data about them, and enter
those data directly into computer systems with little or no human intervention. RFID methods utilize radio
waves to accomplish this. At a simple level, RFID systems consist of three components: an RFID tag or smart

1
label, an RFID reader, and an antenna. RFID tags contain an integrated circuit and an antenna, which is used to
transmit data to the RFID reader (also called an interrogator). The reader then converts the radio waves to a
more usable form of data. Information collected from the tags is then transferred through a communications
interface to a host computer system, where the data can be stored in a database and analyzed at a later time.

The users will first insert the national health care card into the system. Then the system will read the card
data and display the prescription and will ask for user’s input. Then the users have to specify the medicine’s
name and the number of tablets. Once the input has been taken, the system will check if the required medicine is
available or not. If it does, system will check the users balance and will dispense the medicine and if the user
does not have required amount it will display a message stating insufficient balance and ask the user to recharge
the card.

Existing System Drawbacks

The Existing system will accept five rupees coin. There is a slot for coin, which is connected to the
microcontroller. User Interface is used for coin dispense and product dispense. Relay is used to control the dc
motor of 60 RPM for product dispatch. After supplying the AC voltage, the rectifier converts it into DC voltage
and the voltage regulator is used for smooth voltage of a particular value. After the coin is inserted a pulse is
received at the microcontroller which is already being supplied with a fixed DC voltage, the microcontroller
then drives the relay through relay driver and the relay is connected to a switch which is used to select the
product, on selecting the product the relay drives the particular motor connected to that product and then the
motor is driven and the product comes out.

Many kinds of challenges were encountered in the course of making this project in various aspects. One of
the major difficulties encountered was the processing of the coin, i.e., the different types of 5-rupee coins had to
be processed and identified which was a bit tedious. The biggest problem faced by the system was ethicality, the
medicine which was dispensed was not prescribed by the doctor which has led to many problems. Another
challenge encountered was if a fake coin of exact material and same dimensions were made, the vending
machine accepted it and worked properly.
 Scope of the Project

An intelligent pillbox system based on IoT has been designed and developed to avail medicine 24/7 in most of
the places where it is not possible to have pharmacy stores like highway, shopping mall, country side area etc.

The main objectives of the purposed system are:

 The system will identity the user with the help national health care card using RFID tag and displays the
user data along with prescription.

 It will promote ethicality, only the medicine which is prescribed by the doctor will be dispensed.

 If the user will not have sufficient balance, the system will ask the user to recharge the card.

 The system will send a notification to the higher authority if the medicine will get over.

 We can send an emergency notification to the nearest hospital if someone is in danger with the help of
pillbox.

Purpose

Medicine plays an important role in human’s life for every situation. The automated medical system is
introduced to reduce the man power time and energy. It is similar to an ATM through which we get the required
money at any time & any place. Medicine is not available Degrees of social status are closely linked to health
inequalities. Those with poor health tend to fall into poverty and the poor tend to have poor health. According to
the World Health Organization, within countries those of lower socioeconomic strata have the worst health
outcomes. Health also appears to have a strong social component linking it to education and access to
information. Especially in developing countries like India where there are innumerable numbers of people who
are unable to avail medicines.
This is the biggest advantage of the project. The other advantage would be the use of smart card instead
of coins. The system is fully Raspberry pi and Arduino board. Automated dispensing machines decentralized
medication distribution systems that provide Computer-controlled storage, dispensing and tracking of
medications have been recommended as one potential mechanism to improve efficiency and patient safety and
they are now widely used in many hospitals.
Chapter 2

Detailed Literature Survey

Literature Survey

Topic:

Medicine dispensing machine using raspberry pi and

arduino Methodology:

The authors propose a machine designed to provide such healthcare at areas where having a medical store may
not be feasible or possible. It allows the user to select a medicine, pay the required amount after which it verifies
the amount received and dispenses the medicine. The amount is authenticated and identified using an image
processing unit controlled by a Raspberry Pi, a credit card sized controller capable of processing still images.
The payment module and medicine dispensing module are controlled by the Arduino, a microcontroller-based
development board. The communication between the Raspberry Pi and Arduino controllers is serial, through a
USB cable. The machine is powered by a regular power outlet of 230V (alternating current). Due to the physical
and infrastructural limitations in establishing a medical store at remote areas, this machine has been designed to
be a standalone unit, requiring minimum supervision to operate for long periods of time.

Drawback:

Although the proposed system has shown superior performance, still there is a scope for improvement. We
observed that we need to maintain prescription and camera for the purposed system. And one person can take
prescribed medicine more than one time from different system. And there is no provision of maintaining patient
database.
Topic:

Automated medication dispensing

system Methodology:

In this work a Smart Medicine Dispenser (SMD) prototype is proposed. The main purpose of this system is to
help the patients, primarily seniors, take their medications on time in an easy way without the possibility of
missing pills, and also reduce the risk of over or under dosing accidentally. Not taking medications correctly can
have serious consequences such as delayed recovery, illness and even death. The smart medicine dispenser
(SMD) could solve such problems by informing and alerting the patients to take the appropriate dose at the right
time. Also, it provides direct communication between the patients and the caregivers as it will immediately
notify the caregiver in case the patient missed his/her pill.

Drawback:

The system is limited to one person only. It is only dedicated to elderly; others cannot make use of it.

Topic:

Design and Implementation of Automatic Medicine Dispensing

machine Methodology:

Medicine distribution for the people in the remote tribal areas is finding tedious task for the Government’s, the
Automatic medicine dispensing machine can aid to resolve the above-mentioned requirement. The machine is
equipped with some basic and emergency medication and can be refilled. It is a kind of computerized medicine
storage system which can be easily accessed by the people in emergency without approaching any pharmacy;
the machine can be easy installed in the remote areas like long highways, desert areas, remote tribal areas and
rural areas. It is a microcontroller and motor-based system to dispense the medicines when accessed by the user
through an input event, the data pertaining to the medicine storage can be ascertained from the remote area and
based on that information refilling the machine can be easily done. Basic human parameters like Blood pressure
(BP), Temperature can also be tested through this machine and the specified medicine will be dispensed based
on the patient condition.
Drawback:

The main drawback of this system is ethicality. That is, the medicines which will be dispensed from the system
are not prescribed by the doctor.

Topic:

Real time healthcare monitoring and tracking system using GSM/GPS

technology Methodology:

Health monitoring systems have rapidly evolved recently, and smart systems have been proposed to monitor
patient current health conditions, the project focuses on monitoring the patient’s blood pressure, and his body
temperature. This paper proposes a system architecture for smart healthcare based on GSM and GPS
technologies. The objective of this work is providing an effective application for Real Time Health Monitoring
and Tracking. The system will track, trace, monitor patients and facilitate taking care of their health; so efficient
medical services could be provided at appropriate time. By Using specific sensors, the data will be captured and
compared with a configurable threshold via microcontroller which is defined by a specialized doctor who
follows the patient; in any case of emergency a short message service (SMS) will be sent to the Doctor’s mobile
number along with the measured values through GSM module.

Drawback:

The problem that could arise in the system is fluctuation in sensor reading. If the sensor reading is not precise it
will display wrong reading and hence dispenses wrong medicine.

Problem statement of the project:

The problem which is addressed in the project is unavailability of medicines after office hours, specially at
night. Intelligent pillbox can ensure the availability of medicines anytime, anywhere.
Chapter 3

Objectives and Methodology

Objectives of the proposed system

• The system will dispense the medicines as per the prescription.

• The RFID card reader will be used input sensor.

• User needs to carry out the identification process to access the system.

• The input will be provided by the user through the keypad. The medicine dispensing function is fully
controlled by the motor drivers.

• The user can then pick up the medicine from the outlet.

• The process will be fully automatic with least manual support. (Most of the procedure has been carried
out on its, user just have to give the input and take the dispensed medicine. All the features are
automated that’s why it is called as intelligent system)

• The main objective of the project is to develop a system to deliver medicine 24x7.

Advantages of the proposed system

• It is very much portable that it can be installed in very less area.

• No Individual person needed for maintenance.
• Easy to use and Provides 24/7 medicine facility.
• Since online transaction involved no fear of robbery.
• Since disease name and relevant medicine will be stored in the database, the user will have to mention
the disease name.
• The dispenser will dispense the medicine automatically for that disease.
 Drawbacks of the proposed system

• IoT based intelligent pillbox will not work without power supply. So without power medicines will not
be dispensed from the machine.
• Intelligent pillbox will only deliver tablets but no sirup or liquid medicines.

Methodology of the proposed system

• User Authentication: User authentication is a process that allows a device to verify the identity of
someone who connects to a network resource. The user has to insert their card and enter password. If the
password is correct the system will accept the transaction or else, it will display the appropriate error
message.

Medicine Dispensing: Once the authentication process has been carried out, user will select the medicine
and pillbox will dispense it.

• Database Updating: Once the medicine has been dispensed the balance and database will be updated.
User’s database will be updated with current balance and number of pills dispensed. Stock database will
be updated with current stock value.

• Inventory Control: Controlling the inventory of drugs is critical to functioning of machine. If the
medicine gets over, the system will send notification to refill it.
Chapter 4

System Analysis

What is system analysis?

Analysis is the process of breaking a complex topic or substance into smaller parts to gain a better
understanding of it. Analysts in the field of engineering look at requirements, structures, mechanisms, and
systems dimensions. Analysis is an exploratory activity.

The Analysis Phase is where the project lifecycle begins. The Analysis Phase is where you break
down the deliverables in the high-level Project Charter into the more detailed business requirements. The
Analysis Phase is also the part of the project where you identify the overall direction that the project will
take through the creation of the project strategy documents.

Gathering requirements is the main attraction of the Analysis Phase. The process of gathering
requirements is usually more than simply asking the users what they need and writing their answers down.
Depending on the complexity of the application, the process for gathering requirements has a clearly defined
process of its own. This process consists of a group of repeatable processes that utilize certain techniques to
capture, document, communicate, and manage requirements.

Software Requirement Specification

A Software Requirements Specification (SRS) – a requirements specification for a software system

– is a complete description of the behavior of a system to be developed. In addition to a description of the
software functions, the SRS also contains non-functional requirements. Software requirements are a sub-
field of software engineering that deals with the elicitation, analysis, specification, and validation of
requirements for software.
 Functional Requirement

 Device should do minimal computations on its own.

 Device should dispense medicine automatically.

 Device should be able to read prescriptions on its own.

 Device should be able to check the stock.

Non Functional Requirement

 The RFID is used to store medicine Prescription.

 Medicine expiry date will be saved for expiry management.

Hardware Components

 GSM Module
 Wi-Fi Module

 Keypad module

 LCD Display

 Motor

 Relay

 PCB Board

 Fixed Voltage Regulator

 Variable Voltage Regulator

 Spring
 Software Requirements

 Embedded C
 Arduino Software

Hardware Component Description

The most common set of requirements defined by any operating system or software application is the physical
computer resources, also known as hardware, a hardware requirements list is often accompanied by a hardware
compatibility list (HCL), especially in case of operating systems. An HCL lists tested, compatible, and
sometimes incompatible hardware devices for a particular operating system or application. The requirements of
the system are:

Arduino Mega

The Arduino Mega 2560 is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega2560. It has 54 digital input/output pins
16 analog inputs, 4 UARTs (hardware serial ports), a 16 MHz crystal oscillator, a USB connection, a power
jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button.

General pin functions (Figure 4.5.1):

 LED: There is a built-in LED driven by digital pin 13. When the pin is HIGH value, the LED is on,
when the pin is LOW, it's off.

 VIN: The input voltage to the Arduino board when it's using an external power source (as opposed to 5
volts from the USB connection or other regulated power source). You can supply voltage through this
pin, or, if supplying voltage via the power jack, access it through this pin.

 5V: This pin outputs a regulated 5V from the regulator on the board. The board can be supplied with
power either from the DC power jack (7 - 20V), the USB connector (5V), or the VIN pin of the board (7-
20V). Supplying voltage via the 5V or 3.3V pins bypasses the regulator, and can damage the board.

 3.3V: A 3.3-volt supply generated by the on-board regulator. Maximum current draw is 50 mA.

 GND: Ground pins.

  Reset: Typically used to add a reset button to shields which block the one on the board.

Fig 4.5.1 Arduino Mega Board

LCD

A liquid-crystal display (LCD) is a flat-panel display or other electronically modulated optical device that uses
the light-modulating properties of liquid crystals. Liquid crystals do not emit light directly, instead using
a backlight or reflector to produce images in color or monochrome. LCDs are available to display arbitrary
images (as in a general-purpose computer display) or fixed images with low information content, which can be
displayed or hidden, such as preset words, digits, and seven-segment displays, as in a digital clock. They use the
same basic technology, except that arbitrary images are made up of a large number of small pixels, while other
displays have larger elements.

LCDs can either be normally on (positive) or off (negative), depending on the polarizer arrangement.
For example, a character positive LCD with a backlight will have black lettering on a background that is the
color of the backlight, and a character negative LCD will have a black background with the letters being of the
same color as the backlight. Optical filters are added to white on blue LCDs to give them their characteristic
appearance. LCD’s consumes less amount of power compared to CRT and LED and consist of some microwatts
for display in comparison to some mill watts for LED’s. LCDs are of low cost and provides excellent contrast.
LCD’s are thinner and lighter when compared to cathode ray tube and LED.
A 20x4 LCD display as shown in the figure 4.5.2 is very basic module and is very commonly used in
various devices and circuits. Preferred over seven segments and other multi segment LEDs. A 20x4
LCD means it can display 16 characters per line and there are 2 such lines. This LCD has two registers, namely,
Command and Data.
IoT Based Intelligent Pillbox

Fig 4.5.2 LCD Display

GSM

The Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) is a standard developed by the European
Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) to describe the protocols for second-generation (2G) digital
cellular networks used by mobile devices such as mobile phones and tablets. It was first deployed in Finland in
December 1991.By the mid-2010s, it became a global standard for mobile communications achieving over 90%
market share, and operating in over 193 countries and territories.

GSM (Global System for Mobile communication) is a digital mobile network that is widely used by
mobile phone users in Europe and other parts of the world. GSM digitizes and compresses data, then sends it
down a channel with two other streams of user data, each in its own time slot.

There are various cell sizes in a GSM system such as macro, micro, Pico and umbrella cells. Each cell
varies as per the implementation domain. There are five different cell sizes in a GSM network macro, micro,
Pico and umbrella cells. The coverage area of each cell varies according to the implementation environment. A
GSM modem is a device which can be either a mobile phone or a modem device which can be used to make a
computer or any other processor communicate over a network. A GSM modem requires a SIM card to be
operated and operates over a network range subscribed by the network operator. It can be connected to a
computer through serial, USB or Bluetooth connection.
 Fig 4.5.3 GSM Module

RFID

A radio frequency identification reader (RFID reader) is a device used to gather information from an RFID tag,
which is used to track individual objects. Radio waves are used to transfer data from the tag to a reader.

RFID is a technology similar in theory to bar codes. However, the RFID tag does not have to be scanned
directly, nor does it require line-of-sight to a reader. The RFID tag it must be within the range of an RFID
reader, which ranges from 3 to 300 feet, in order to be read. RFID technology allows several items to be quickly
scanned and enables fast identification of a particular product, even when it is surrounded by several other
items.

Fig 4.5.4 RFID Module

ATM

Wi-Fi Module

The ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module is a self contained SOC with integrated TCP/IP protocol stack that can give
Arduino microcontroller access to your Wi-Fi network. ESP8266 is Wi-Fi enabled system on chip (SoC) module
developed by Espress if system. It is mostly used for development of IoT (Internet of Things) embedded
applications. It employs a 32-bit RISC CPU based on the Tensilica Xtensa L106 running at 80 MHz (or
overclocked to 160 MHz). It has a 64 KB boot ROM, 64 KB instruction RAM and 96 KB data RAM. External
flash memory can be accessed through SPI. ESP8266 module is low cost standalone wireless transceiver that
can be used for end-point IoT developments. To communicate with the ESP8266 module, microcontroller needs
to use set of AT commands. Microcontroller communicates with ESP8266-01 module using UART having
specified Baud rate.

Pin description:

3V3: - 3.3 V Power Pin.

GND: - Ground Pin.

RST: - Active Low Reset Pin.

EN: - Active High Enable Pin.

TX: - Serial Transmit Pin of UART.

RX: - Serial Receive Pin of UART.

The ESP8266 WiFi Module (figure 4.9) is a self-contained SoC with integrated TCP/IP protocol stack that can
give access to your WiFi network (or the device can act as an access point). One useful feature of Uno WiFi is
support for OTA (over-the-air) programming, either for transfer of Arduino sketches or WiFi firmware.

Fig 4.5.5 Wi-Fi Module

 DC Motor

A DC motor is any of a class of rotary electrical machines that converts direct current electrical energy into
mechanical energy. The most common types rely on the forces produced by magnetic fields. Nearly all types of
DC motors have some internal mechanism, either electromechanical or electronic, to periodically change the
direction of current flow in part of the motor.

DC motors were the first form of motor widely used, as they could be powered from existing direct-
current lighting power distribution systems. A DC motor's speed can be controlled over a wide range, using
either a variable supply voltage or by changing the strength of current in its field windings. Small DC motors
are used in tools, toys, and appliances. The universal motor can operate on direct current but is a
lightweight brushed motor used for portable power tools and appliances. Larger DC motors are currently used in
propulsion of electric vehicles, elevator and hoists, and in drives for steel rolling mills. The advent of power
electronics has made replacement of DC motors with AC motors possible in many applications.

Fig 4.5.6 DC Motor

 Perforated Board

Perfboard is a material for prototyping electronic circuits (also called DOT PCB). It is a thin, rigid sheet with
holes pre-drilled at standard intervals across a grid, usually a square grid of 0.1 inches (2.54 mm) spacing. These
holes are ringed by round or square copper pads, though bare boards are also available. Inexpensive perfboard
may have pads on only one side of the board, while better quality perfboard can have pads on both sides (plate-
through holes). Since each pad is electrically isolated, the builder makes all connections with either wire wrap or
miniature point to point wiring techniques. Discrete components are soldered to the prototype board such
as resistors, capacitors, and integrated circuits. The substrate is typically made of paper laminated with phenolic
resin (such as FR-2) or a fiberglass-reinforced epoxy laminate.

We use perforated board (figure 4.5.7) as a power supply for different component. Different levels are
created by using Header pins. In this perforated board we have 12V,5V,3.5V and ground along with 7805 IC
used as voltage regulator. For Accelerometer we supply 5V to VCC and ground connections. For Buzzer
(CC1212AN) and fire sensor we supply 5v to VCC and Ground connections.12V ,5V and ground supply for
different components.

Figure 4.5.7 Perforated Board

 Software Requirements Description

Software Requirements is a field within software engineering that deals with establishing the needs of
stakeholders that are to be solved by software. The IEEE Standard Glossary of Software Engineering
Terminology defines a requirement as:

 A condition or capability needed by a user to solve a problem or achieve an objective.

 A condition or capability that must be met or possessed by a system or system component to satisfy a
contract, standard, specification, or other formally imposed document.

Some of the important Software requirements required in our project are:

Arduino IDE

The Arduino integrated development environment (IDE) (figure 4.4.1) is a cross-platform application
for Windows, macOS, Linux that is written in the programming language Java. It is used to write and upload
programs to Arduino compatible boards, but also, with the help of 3rd party cores, other vendor development
boards. The Arduino IDE supports the languages C and C++ using special rules of code structuring. It is an
official Arduino software, making code compilation too easy that even a common person with no prior technical
knowledge can get their feet wet with the learning process. The main code, also known as a sketch, created on
the IDE platform will ultimately generate a Hex File which is then transferred and uploaded in the controller on
the board. The main code, also known as a sketch, created on the IDE platform will ultimately generate a Hex
File which is then transferred and uploaded in the controller on the board.
 Figure 4.6.1 Arduino IDE

The IDE environment is mainly distributed into three sections:

 Menu Bar

 Text Editor

 Output Pane
 Embedded C

Embedded C is an extension to C programming language that provides support for developing efficient
programs for embedded devices. It is not a part of the C language. C is the most widely used programming
language for embedded processors/controllers. Assembly is also used but mainly to implement those portions of
the code where very high timing accuracy, code size efficiency, etc. are prime requirements.

Arduino IDE (Integrated development Environment) is fully developed into functionality of full of
libraries, as long as programming the Arduino UNO in Embedded C language is possible because Arduino IDE
can compile both Arduino code as well as AVR standard code.
Chapter 5

Detailed design

Once the requirements document for the software to be developed is available, the software design phase
begins. While the requirement specification activity deals entirely with the problem domain, design is the first
phase of transforming the problem into a solution. In the design phase, the customer and business requirements
and technical considerations all come together to formulate a product or a system.

Once the requirements document for the software to be developed is available, the software design phase
begins. While the requirement specification activity deals entirely with the problem domain, design is the first
phase of transforming the problem into a solution. In the design phase, the customer and business requirements
and technical considerations all come together to formulate a product or a system.

This chapter discusses the design elements that are required to develop a software design model. It also
discusses the design patterns and various software design notations used to represent a software design.

Principles of Design

Developing design is a cumbersome process as most expansive errors are often introduced in this phase.
Moreover, if these errors get unnoticed till later phases, it becomes more difficult to correct them. Therefore, a
number of principles are followed while designing the software. These principles act as a framework for the
designers to follow a good design practice.

Some of the commonly followed design principles are as following.

 Software design should correspond to the analysis model: Often a design element corresponds to,
many requirements; therefore, we must know how the design model satisfies all the requirements
represented by the analysis model.

 Choose the right programming paradigm: A programming paradigm describes the structure of the
software system. Depending on the nature and type of application, different programming paradigms
such as procedure oriented, object-oriented, and prototyping paradigms can be used. The paradigm
should be chosen keeping constraints in mind such as time, availability of resources and nature of user's
requirements.
 Software design should be uniform and integrated: Software design is considered uniform and
integrated, if the interfaces are properly defined among the design components. For this, rules, format,
and styles are established before the design team starts designing the software.

 Software design should be flexible: Software design should be flexible enough to adapt changes easily.
To achieve the flexibility, the basic design concepts such as abstraction, refinement, and modularity
should be applied effectively.

 Software design should ensure minimal conceptual (semantic) errors: The design team must ensure
that major conceptual errors of design such as ambiguousness and inconsistency are addressed in
advance before dealing with the syntactical errors present in the design model.

 Software design should be structured to degrade gently: Software should be designed to handle
unusual changes and circumstances, and if the need arises for termination, it must do so in a proper
manner so that functionality of the software is not affected.

 Software design should represent correspondence between the software and real-world problem:
The software design should be structured in such a way that it always relates with the real-world
problem.

 Software reuse: Software engineers believe on the phrase: 'do not reinvent the wheel'. Therefore,
software components should be designed in such a way that they can be effectively reused to increase
the productivity.

 Designing for testability: A common practice that has been followed is to keep the testing phase
separate from the design and implementation phases. That is, first the software is developed (designed
and implemented) and then handed over to the testers who subsequently determine whether the software
is fit for distribution and subsequent use by the customer. However, it has become apparent that the
process of separating testing is seriously flawed, as if any type of design or implementation errors are
found after implementation, then the entire or a substantial part of the software requires to be redone.
Thus, the test engineers should be involved from the initial stages. For example, they should be involved
with analysts to prepare tests for determining whether the user requirements are being met.

 Prototyping: Prototyping should be used when the requirements are not completely defined in the
beginning. The user interacts with the developer to expand and refine the requirements as the
development proceeds. Using prototyping, a quick 'mock-up' of the system can be developed. This
 mock-up can be used as an effective means to give the users a feel of what the system will look like and
demonstrate functions that will be included in the developed system. Prototyping also helps in reducing
risks of designing software that is not in accordance with the customer's requirements.

High Level Design

High-level design (HLD) explains the architecture that would be used for developing a software product. The
diagram provides an overview of an entire system, identifying the main components that would be developed
for the product and their interfaces. The HLD uses possibly nontechnical to mildly technical terms that should
be understandable to the administrators of the system. In contrast, low-level design further exposes the logical
detailed design of each of these elements for programmers.

System Architecture

A system architecture is a conceptual model that defines the structure, behavior and more views of a system.
An architecture description is a formal description and representation of a system, organized in a way that
supports reasoning about the structures and behaviors of the system.

The system has microcontroller Arduino mega which is an 8-bit RISK microcontroller board which
controls the functionality of all the component in the system. The system is connected with the hardware
components like RFID module, Keypad module, LCD module, GSM module, Wi-Fi module and Dispenser.

A block diagram is a diagram of a system in which the principal parts or functions are represented by
blocks connected by lines that show the relationships of the blocks. [1] They are heavily used in engineering
in hardware design, electronic design, software design, and process flow diagrams.

Block diagrams are typically used for higher level, less detailed descriptions that are intended to clarify
overall concepts without concern for the details of implementation. Contrast this with the schematic
diagrams and layout diagrams used in electrical engineering, which show the implementation details of
electrical components and physical construction.
Fig 5.2.1 Block diagram of the system
 Flow Chart
A flowchart is a type of diagram that represents an algorithm, workflow or process. Flowchart can also be
defined as a diagrammatic representation of an algorithm (step by step approach to solve a task).

The flowchart shows the steps as boxes of various kinds, and their order by connecting the boxes with
arrows. This diagrammatic representation illustrates a solution model to a given problem. Flowcharts are used in
analysing, designing, documenting or managing a process or program in various fields.

The Figure 5.2.2 shows the flow of project.

 At first the national health card needs to be scanned.

 Then it will ask the user to enter the password.

 If the user is authorised then the system will display the prescription of that user i.e. the list of
medicines.

 User can enter the number of medicines required.

 If the medicine is greater than mentioned in the prescription then the system will ask the user to
consult the doctor.

 If not, it will check for the available balance for the required number of medicines.

 If balance is available then the payment will be deduced from the card.

 It will dispense the medicine

 If the balance is not their then it will display insufficient balance.

 Database will be updated.

5.2.2 Flow of control
Chapter 6

Implementation

Arduino mega module

Arduino mega is an 8-bit RISK microcontroller board which controls the functionality of all the component in
the system. (A reduced instruction set computer, or RISC is one whose instruction set architecture (ISA) allows
it to have fewer cycles per instruction (CPI) than a complex instruction set computer (CISC)).
It’s like a small computer on a single IC. It contains a processor core, ROM, RAM and I/O pins
dedicated to performing various tasks. Microcontrollers are generally used in projects and applications that
require direct control of user. Microprocessor has only a CPU inside them in one or few Integrated Circuits.
Like microcontrollers it does not have RAM, ROM and other peripherals. They are dependent on external
circuits of peripherals to work. But microprocessors are not made for specific task, but they are required where
tasks are complex and tricky like development of software’s, games and other applications that require high
memory and where input and output are not defined.

Fig 6.1 Arduino mega module

 GSM Module
The system is implemented with the GSM module. The GSM module is connected to the arduino mega. The
VCC pin of GSM is connected to the +5V of Arduino mega. The ground pin of GSM is connected to the ground
pin of arduino mega. The TX pin of GSM is connected to the RX pin of Arduino mega to establish
communication. The RX pin of GSM is connected to the TX pin of Arduino mega to establish communication.

Fig 6.2 Interfacing of GSM module with the arduino

RFID module
The system is implemented with the RFID card reader. The RFID card reader is connected to the arduino mega.
The VCC pin of RFID is connected to the +5V of Arduino mega. The ground pin of RFID is connected to the
ground pin of arduino mega. The TX pin of RFID is connected to the RX pin of Arduino mega to establish
communication.
 Fig 6.3 Interfacing of RFID module with the arduino

LCD Module
The system is implemented with the LCD module. The LCD module is connected to the arduino mega to display
the contents. The VCC pin of LCD is connected to the +5V of Arduino mega. The data pins of LCD D7 is
connected to pin number 2 of arduino, The data pins of LCD D6 is connected to pin number 3 of arduino, The
data pins of LCD D5 is connected to pin number 4 of arduino, The data pins of LCD D4 is connected to pin
number 5 of arduino, there are three control registers Rs, Rw, En. En of LCD is connected to pin number 11 of
arduino. Rw is connected to ground pin of arduino. Rs is connected to pin number 12 of arduino.

Fig 6.4 Interfacing LCD with the arduino

 Wi-Fi Module
The system is implemented with the Wi-Fi module. The Wi-Fi module is connected to the arduino mega. The
VCC pin of Wi-Fi is connected to the +3.3V of Arduino mega. The ground pin of Wi-Fi is connected to the
ground pin of arduino mega. The TX pin of Wi-Fi is connected to the RX pin of Arduino mega to establish
communication. The RX pin of Wi-Fi is connected to the TX pin of Arduino mega to establish communication.

6.5 Interfacing Arduino mega with the Wi-Fi module

Steps involved in assembling all the devices and software requirements are as follows:

Step 1: Configuring the Programmable Devices

A software module for each programmable device which are Arduino Mega, GSM module SIM 800C-Shield,
Flame Sensor, Flex Sensor, and IR Sensor is set on Arduino IDE. All the programmable devices are
programmed in Arduino IDE using embedded C. This program should also have the functionality to
communicate with the SIM 800C GSM module where the cell number of the user admin (concerned authority)
and patient should be mentioned. SIM 800C GSM module should be set with a SIM card in it and it should
configure as a GSM module.
Step 2: Setting up code in Arduino Mega:
The RFID module code should be dumped to the Arduino Mega board which is installed in the patient section.
In the same way, the LCD module code should be dumped to the Arduino Mega board which is installed in the
ATM

server section. The program for the Arduino may be kept in any folder but the path of the file should be
mentioned at arduino.cc, so that the program runs automatically on the startup and Arduino could act as a micro-
controller.
Step 3: Integrating the hardware modules
Arduino Mega would be connected to RFID reader, Wi-fi, LCD and relay.
Step 4: Connecting the SIM800C-Shield GSM module with Arduino
Signals from the Arduino Mega are sent to the GSM Modem SIM 800C-Shield.
Step 5: Powering up all the devices
In the proposed system, the main device that will be directly connected to the power source is Arduino Mega.
Arduino needs to be connected with a 5v-2.5v power supply. The SIM 900A draws a good amount of power, so
it needs a power supply adopter of 7v~12v to be functional. The voltage of the router depends on its model but it
is generally 12v.
ATM
Chapter 7

Conclusion and Future Enhancement

Conclusion

The pillbox offers a flexible and simple solution for extending basic healthcare to all places, at a very moderate
cost. The machine will dispense prescribed medicine. The machine adds an intelligent medicine unit, which
sends a refill notification message to the nearest pharmacy when the number of medicine strips decrease below a
certain level. The intelligent pillbox is technically feasible to all the peoples. It will be very helpful and it gives
ease of access. It is sales person-less service which will be based on RFID. It is important to consider how the
technology may affect quality of medication delivery and use.

Some enhancement in the system could be made in future like

 Implementation of system using NFC card: Currently we are implementing the system RFID card and we
could use NFC card instead.
 Delivery of OTC medicine and first aid along with prescribed medication.
 In current system only prescribed medicines are dispensed but in future user can dispense medicine which
does not require prescription like medicines that relieve aches, pains, and itches and first aid.

 The pillbox will accept coin payment. Currently, the payment is being carried out using smart card and those
who don’t have it can’t purchase medicine from the pillbox. But in future cash accepting module will be
implemented which will use to concept of image processing from the reorganization of the coin
 Bibliography

 Bhagya Shree S R, Chandra Shekar P, ‘Automated Medication Dispensing System’, 2015 IEEE.

 KahtanAziz , ‘Real-Time Healthcare Monitoring and Tracking System using GSM/GPS Technologies’,
August 2016 IEEE.

 Mahaveer Penna, ’Design and Implementation of Automatic Medicine Dispensing machine’, May 2017
IEEE.

 Vishal Tank, Sushmita Warrier, ‘Medicine Dispensing Machine Using Raspberry Pi and Arduino Controller
‘, March 2017 IEEE.