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Theory. Drag Force

Drag is a mechanical force generated by the interaction between a solid object and a surrounding fluid, such as air or water. It results from the difference in velocity between the object and the fluid and acts opposite to the object's direction of motion. Drag is made up of various components like form drag, skin friction, interference drag, and lift-induced drag. The drag force on an object can be calculated using the object's drag coefficient, which depends on its shape and the fluid's Reynolds number, along with other variables like fluid density and the object's velocity and reference area.

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150 views2 pages

Theory. Drag Force

Drag is a mechanical force generated by the interaction between a solid object and a surrounding fluid, such as air or water. It results from the difference in velocity between the object and the fluid and acts opposite to the object's direction of motion. Drag is made up of various components like form drag, skin friction, interference drag, and lift-induced drag. The drag force on an object can be calculated using the object's drag coefficient, which depends on its shape and the fluid's Reynolds number, along with other variables like fluid density and the object's velocity and reference area.

Uploaded by

Ahmad Izzuddin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Theory

Drag is a mechanical force. It is generated by the interaction and contact of a solid


body with a fluid (liquid or gas). It is not generated by a force field, in the sense of a
gravitational field or an electromagnetic field, where one object can affect another object
without being in physical contact. For drag to be generated, the solid body must be in contact
with the fluid. If there is no fluid, there is no drag. Drag is generated by the difference in
velocity between the solid object and the fluid. There must be motion between the object and
the fluid. If there is no motion, there is no drag. It makes no difference whether the object
moves through a static fluid or whether the fluid moves past a static solid object. [1]

Drag is a force and is therefore a vector quantity having both a magnitude and a direction.
Drag acts in a direction that is opposite to the motion of the aircraft. Lift acts perpendicular to
the motion. There are many factors that affect the magnitude of the drag.

Generally, types of drag are divided into the following categories:

1. parasitic drag, consisting of


 form drag,
 skin friction,
 interference drag,
2. lift-induced drag, and
3. wave drag (aerodynamics) or wave resistance (ship hydrodynamics).
Mathematically, drag coefficient can be written as follow:

𝐹𝐷
𝐶𝐷 =
1 2
2 𝜌𝐴𝑣

This was derived from the equation:

1
𝐹𝐷 = 2 𝜌𝑣 2 𝐶𝐷 𝐴, where, FD = drag force

ρ = mass density of the fluid

v = velocity of the object relative to the fluid

A = reference area

CD = drag coefficient (dimensionless)

The drag coefficient depends on the shape of the object and on the Reynolds number:

[2]

References

2. Drag Force. (2019, September 16). Retrieved November 13, 2019, from Drag (Physics) - Wikipedia:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drag_(physics)

1. Benson, T. (2014, Jun 14). Drag Force- 1903 Wright Flyer. Retrieved Novemeber 13, 2019, from
https://wright.nasa.gov/airplane/drag1.html: National Aeronautics And Space
Administration

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