Pneumatic Actuator

Rack & pinion pneumatic actuator

 Rack & pinion pneumatic actuator

When air pressure

comes into port A to
the middle chamber,
the piston move aside.
The air from the side
chambers will comes
out from Port B
Double acting
pneumatic
actuator

When air pressure

comes into port B to
the side chambers, the
piston move back to
the previous position.
The air from the
middle chamber will
comes out from Port A
 Rack & pinion pneumatic actuator
When air pressure
comes into port A into
the middle chamber,
the piston move aside
pushing the springs.
The air from the spring
chambers will comes
out to the
atmosphere. Single acting
pneumatic
actuator

When air pressure is

released out (exhaust)
from port A , the
springs will push the
piston back into the
previous position.
The air from the side
chambers will comes
in from the
atmosphere into the
spring chambers.
Scotch Yoke pneumatic actuator
 Scotch Yoke pneumatic actuator

Side
Bar

CAM
BIG Scotch Yoke pneumatic actuator
BIG Scotch Yoke pneumatic actuator

Side
Bar
CAM
BIG Scotch Yoke pneumatic actuator
Rotary Vane pneumatic actuator
4-piston rack & pinion pneumatic actuator

Our Habonim 4-piston rack & pinion pneumatic

actuator is unique compared with the traditional
2-piston rack & pinion pneumatic actuator

Video
 Pneumatic actuator

Double acting close Double acting open

Single acting close Single acting open

Springs
Springs
Limitation of Habonim pneumatic actuator

Habonim pneumatic actuator is limited to be installed up to 8” size of ball

valve # 150 only
 ISO-5211 mounting

ISO mounting pad

ISO mounting pad
ISO mounting pad

Pneumatic actuator bottom plane has a standard ISO-5211 mounting dimension to

match with the ISO-5211 mounting pad on top of a ball valve construction
ISO-5211 mounting
 Mounting bracket-Adapter

• Rigid construction
• Dual ISO pattern mounting planes
• High visibility of stem packing
• Aesthetic looks
• Easy of access for assembly tools
• Stainless steel CF8 material
• Holes for limit switches
• Holes for locking pins
MK47C-XX-CYY
 Valve torque table

For example 2” Habonim ball valve (with TFM seat material)

• If the fluid pressure = 10 bar  The torque of the ball valve = 29 NM (blue color)
With 20 % safety factor  The torque of the ball valve = 34.8 bar (green color)
• The red color line is 316 SS stem operating torque limit = 48.6 NM
• The 17-4 PH stem operating torque limit = 268 NM
 Stem operating torque limit (MAST)

Valve
Stem

• If a ball valve is operated manually  the manual turning torque of an operator is limited 
the operator manual turning torque cannot damage the ball valve’s stem easily !
• But if a ball valve is operated by a pneumatic actuator  we cannot control the turning
torque of the actuator  especially if we over sized the actuator model  could be the
turning torque is much bigger than the 316SS stem operating torque limit  it can damage
the stem  in this case we have to use a better material for stem 17-4 PH material is
harder & tougher than 316 SS material
Basic actuator definitions
 Ball valve torque

BALL VALVE TORQUE: Habonim 2” size torque (after 20 % safety factor)

BTO (break torque to open) = 100 % BTO (break torque to open) = 34.8 NM
RTO (run torque to open) = 30 % RTO (run torque to open) = (0.3 x 34.8 NM)
ETO (end torque to open) = 50 % ETO (end torque to open) = (0.5 x 34.8 NM)
BTO (break torque to close) = 55 % BTO (break torque to close) = (0.55 x 34.8 NM)
RTO (run torque to close) = 30 % RTO (run torque to close) = (0.3 x 34.8 NM)
ETO (end torque to close) = 50 % ETO (end torque to close) = (0.5 x 34.8 NM)
Habonim double acting actuator chart
NM
Sizing double acting pneumatic actuator

2” ball valve with TFM seat

After 20 % safety factor  Torque = 34.8 NM

Pneumatic actuator sizing:

With 5 bar air pressure
Model C-25 pneumatic actuator is choosen
Actuator torque @ 5 bar air pressure = 65 NM

Check the stem MAST

316 SS material stem MAST = only 48.6 NM < 65 NM actuator torque
Have to use 17-4 PH stem material with 268NM of MAST
Habonim single acting actuator chart for
normally closed ball valve
NM
 Sizing single acting pneumatic actuator
(normally closed)
2” ball valve with TFM seat
After 20 % safety factor  Torque = 34.8 NM

Pneumatic actuator sizing:

With 5 bar air pressure
Model C30-2B is choosen
Spring end torque = 36 NM > 34.8 NM
Actuator air start torque = 70 NM

Check the stem MAST

316 SS material stem MAST = only 48.6 NM < 70 NM actuator torque
Have to use 17-4 PH stem material with 268 NM of MAST
Habonim single acting actuator chart

NM
 Sizing single acting pneumatic actuator
(normally open)
2” ball valve with TFM seat
After 20 % safety factor  Torque = 34.8 NM

Pneumatic actuator sizing:

With 5 bar air pressure
Model C25-2B is choosen first
Spring start torque = 36 NM > 34.8 NM
But actuator air end torque = only 27 NM  CANNOT BE USED !

Model C30-2B is choosen next

Spring start torque = 62 NM > 34.8 NM
Actuator air end torque = 43 NM  CAN BE USED !

Check the stem MAST

316 SS material stem MAST = only 48.6 NM > 43 NM actuator torque
No need to change the stem material !
Combination Habonim ball valve + Actuator
Impact torque booster
Impact torque booster
Impact torque booster
Impact torque booster
Impact torque booster
Impact torque booster
Sizing Impact torque booster
Sizing Impact torque booster
 Type of
Automatic valves
Automatic On-Off valve Automatic On-Off valve

Piston actuator

Angle seat
piston valve
 How angle seat piston valve works

Exhaust
Air Supply Air Supply

When the 3-way solenoid valve is not yet When the 3-way solenoid valve is energized
working  No air pressure is coming into the  Air pressure is coming into the piston
piston actuator of the angle seat piston valve actuator of the angle seat piston valve 
 valve closes valve open
Automatic On-Off valve
Solenoid valve for hazardous area

Oil & Gas area does not allow Namur solenoid valve
installed in a pneumatic actuator !
Solenoid valve must be connected with instrument tubing & fitting !
 Principle of On-Off control

Principle of pressure switch Principle of temperature switch

Principle of level switch Principle of flow switch

 Principle of On-Off control

Pressure
Switch
Temperature Switch

Level
Switch
Flow
Switch
• Wiring is also shorter
 Silencer

Silencer is used to absorb the

pneumatic/air noise at the exhaust port
of a solenoid valve
 Silencer + Speed Controller

Combination silencer w/ speed controller is used to absorb the

pneumatic/air noise at the exhaust port of a solenoid valve.
The speed controller can be used to slow down the speed of the
pneumatic actuator’s opening or closing
Quick exhaust valve
Air filter Regulator + gauge

Air filter regulator + gauge is used to

reduce the air pressure coming to the
pneumatic actuator
Automatic modulating valve

Positioner

Pneumatic
Actuator

Positioner

BALL
VALVE
Principle of modulating control

Pressure application Temperature application

Level application Flow application

 Principle of modulating control

Pressure transmitter Temperature transmitter Level transmitter Flow transmitter

Modulating controller PLC DCS

Programmable Logic Controller Distributed Control System
Principle of modulating control

Pressure application Temperature application

Level application Flow application

 Why do we need positioner ?

At factory, the control ball valve is set without any fluid flowing through the control valve,
we call this bench setting. The co-relationship between air supply pressure & the % of ball
valve opening is represented with the “BLUE” line in the above chart
When the fluid is introduced into the control ball valve  a normally closed control ball
valve’s co-relationship between air supply pressure & the % of valve opening will be shifted
as shown in the above chart with “RED” line (the ball control valve will receive additional
force to open the ball valve from the fluid flow pressure)
 Why do we need positioner ?

At factory, the control ball valve is set without any flow through the control ball valve, we call
this bench setting. The co-relationship between air supply pressure & the % of valve opening is
represented with the “BLUE” line in the above chart
When the liquid is introduced into the control ball valve  a normally open control ball valve’s
co-relationship between air supply pressure & the % of ball valve opening will be shifted as
shown in the above chart with “RED” line (the ball control valve will receive additional force to
close the ball valve from the fluid flow pressure)
Why do we need positioner ?
For many applications, the air pressure coming into the
pneumatic actuator may not be enough to cope with
friction and high differential pressures.
A higher control pressure and stronger springs could be
used, but the practical solution is to use a Positioner.

Positioner is an additional item  which is usually

fitted to the stem/shaft of the pneumatic actuator in
order to monitor the valve position.
It requires its own higher-pressure air supply, which it
uses to position the valve.
A valve positioner relates the input signal and the valve
position, and will provide any output pressure to the
actuator to satisfy this relationship, according to the
requirements of the valve, and within the limitations of
the maximum supply pressure.
 Why do we need positioner ?
A positioner translates the input signal received from a
controller to a required valve’s position & supplies the
valve’s actuator with the required air pressure to move
the valve into the correct position
A positioner ensures that there is a linear relationship
between the signal input pressure from the control
system and the position of the control valve. This
means, that for a given input signal, the valve will
always attempt to maintain the same position
regardless of changes in valve differential pressure,
stem friction, diaphragm hysteresis and so on.
A valve positioner relates the input signal and the valve
position, and will provide any output pressure to the
actuator to satisfy this relationship, according to the
requirements of the valve, and within the limitations of
the maximum supply pressure