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Criminalistic S

1. Fingerprinting is one of the core competencies of scene of crime operations and involves classifying fingerprints into 8 patterns using the Henry System. 2. Criminalistics involves several techniques including fingerprint analysis, forensic photography, questioned document examination, polygraphy, and forensic ballistics. 3. Questioned document examination analyzes handwriting, typewriting and signatures to detect forgeries and alterations through examination of inks, papers, and writing implements.

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853 views3 pages

Criminalistic S

1. Fingerprinting is one of the core competencies of scene of crime operations and involves classifying fingerprints into 8 patterns using the Henry System. 2. Criminalistics involves several techniques including fingerprint analysis, forensic photography, questioned document examination, polygraphy, and forensic ballistics. 3. Questioned document examination analyzes handwriting, typewriting and signatures to detect forgeries and alterations through examination of inks, papers, and writing implements.

Uploaded by

emmanuelmojica
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© © All Rights Reserved
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CRIMINALISTICS Fingerprinting is one of the core competencies

of the following:
Hans Gross, father of Criminalistics
1. Scene of the Crime Operations (SOCO)
1) personal identification
in the unit PNP
2) police photography
2. National Bureau of Investigation Crime
3) forensic ballistics Laboratories

4) questioned document examination HENRY SYSTEM

5) Polygraphy This is the fingerprint classification system


being used by the Federal Bureau of
6)legal medicine Investigation(FBI)
FORENSIC SCIENCE EIGHT (8) TYPES OF FINGERPRINT PATTERNS IN
forum - a market place HENRY SYSTEM OF CLASSIFICATION

Edmond Locard- Father of Forensic Science 1. Plain Arch

Technological Division of Criminalistics 2. Tented Arch

A. Fingerprinting (Personal Identification) 3. Ulnar Loop

B. Forensic Photography 4. Radial Loop

C. Questioned Document Examination 5. Plain whorl

D. Polygraphy (Lie Detection) 6. Accidental whorl

E. Forensic Medicine; and 7. Central pocket

F. Forensic Ballistics 8. Double loop whorl

DACTYLOSCOPY PRINCIPLE OF FINGERPRINT

This is the science of identification by means of Principle of Individuality


fingerprints. Principle of Permanency/Constancy
dactyl – finger Principle of Infallibility
skopien - to study

FINGERPRINT

These are the impressions made by the ridges

ANCIENT CHINESE- The first to use fingerprints

1. Marcelo Malpighi- grandfather of


dactyloscopy

2. Sir Edward Richard Henry- Father of


modern fingerprints
POLICE PHOTOGRAPHY QUESTIONED DOCUMENT EXAMINATION

PHOTOGRAPHY DOCUMENT

1) light upon This is any material which contains marks, signs,


symbols
2) sensitized materials, with the
QUESTIONED DOCUMENT
3) aid of camera and its accessories and the
It is a document in which issue has been raised
4) chemical process involved therein.
or which is under scrutiny
Phos – means “light”
Questioned Document Examination
Graphos- means to “write”
It is the branch of criminalistics which deals
CAMERA with examination of handwriting, typewriting
and signatures
A light tight box with a lens to form an image,
with a shutter and diaphragm to control the 1. identification of printing instruments and
entry of the image photocopiers

FORENSIC BALLISTICS 2. detection of erasures, additions and


alterations of documents of all kinds
-study of Ballistics which involves the
investigation and identification of firearms 3. Analysis of inks and papers and must be
familiar with all types of writing and
BALLISTIC reproduction implements
This is a science of motion of projectile and the FORGERY
condition that affects its motion
It is the making or altering an instrument or
Interior/Internal Ballistics document with intent to defraud
Exterior/External Ballistics What those usually being Forged
Terminal Ballistics Signatures
Forensic Ballistics Document
PROJECTILE TYPES OF FORGED SIGNATURE
It refers to the non metallic ball which is Simple, Simulated, Traced
propelled from firearm
Albert Osbourne- The Father of Questioned
FIREARM Document Examination
It is an instrument for the propulsion of
projectile by means of the expansive force of
gases coming from the burning gunpowder

CALVIN GODDART - the Father of Firearms


Identification
POLYGRAPHY LEGAL MEDICINE

It refers to scientific method of detecting It is a branch of medicine which deals with the
deception with the use of polygraph. application of medical knowledge

poly – many The Medical Jurist

graphos – writings  A physician who specializes or is


involved primarily with medico-legal
POLYGRAPH INSTRUMENT
duties
It refers to instrument designed for recording
1.) medical examiner,
changes in blood pressure, pulse, respiration
and skin resistance 2) medico-legal officer; and

1) Pneumograph- records changes in 3)medico legal expert


breathing

2) Galvanograph- records skin resistance,


perspiration

3) Cardiosphymograph- records changes in


blood pressure

4) Kymograph

IMPORTANT PERSONS IN POLYGRAPHY

 Thomas Jefferson- the first one to use


the word “polygraph” to describe one
of his inventions.

 John Larson – was first to be recognized


as the Father of Scientific lie detection
because he is the first one to detect
deception and verify truthfulness of a
person in a more scientific way.

 Leonard Keeler- he is recognized as the


Father of Modern Polygraphy for
enhancing the polygraph machine by
adding other devices such as
Kymograph

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