PHOENIX ED [XI-SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY-W.

S]

1. Calculate the molar mass of the following:

(i) H2O
(ii) CO2
(iii) CH4
2. Calculate the mass percent of different elements present in sodium sulphate (Na2SO4).
3. Determine the empirical formula of an oxide of iron which has 69.9% iron and 30.1% dioxygen by mass.
4. Calculate the amount of carbon dioxide that could be produced when
(i) 1 mole of carbon is burnt in air.
(ii) 1 mole of carbon is burnt in 16 g of dioxygen.
(iii) 2 moles of carbon are burnt in 16 g of dioxygen.
5. Calculate the mass of sodium acetate (CH3COONa) required to make 500 mL of 0.375 molar aqueous solution.
Molar mass of sodium acetate is 82.0245 g mol–1.
6. Calculate the concentration of nitric acid in moles per litre in a sample which has a density, 1.41 g mL–1 and the mass
per cent of nitric acid in it being 69%.
7. How much copper can be obtained from 100 g of copper sulphate (CuSO4)?
8. Determine the molecular formula of an oxide of iron in which the mass per cent of iron and oxygen are 69.9 and 30.1
respectively. Given that the molar mass of the oxide is 159.69 g mol–1.
9. Calculate the atomic mass (average) of chlorine using the following data:

10. In three moles of ethane (C2H6), calculate the following:

(i) Number of moles of carbon atoms.
(ii) Number of moles of hydrogen atoms.
(iii) Number of molecules of ethane.
11. What is the concentration of sugar (C12H22O11) in mol L–1 if its 20 g are dissolved in enough water to make a final
volume up to 2 L?
12. If the density of methanol is 0.793 kg L–1, what is its volume needed for making 2.5 L of its 0.25 M solution?
13. Pressure is determined as force per unit area of the surface. The SI unit of pressure, Pascal is as shown below:
1Pa = 1N m–2 If mass of air at sea level is 1034 g cm–2, calculate the pressure in Pascal.
14. A sample of drinking water was found to be severely contaminated with chloroform, CHCl3, supposed to be
carcinogenic in nature. The level of contamination was 15 ppm (by mass).
(i) Express this in percent by mass.
(ii)Determine the molality of chloroform in the water sample.
15. Express the following in the scientific notation:
(i) 0.0048 (ii) 234,000 (iii)8008 (iv)500.0 (v) 6.0012
16. How many significant figures are present in the following?
(i) 0.0025 (ii) 208 (iii)5005 (iv)126,000 (v) 500.0 (vi)2.0034
17. If the speed of light is 3.0 ×108 m s-1 , calculate the distance covered by light in 2.00 ns.

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 PHOENIX ED [XI-SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY-W.S]

18. In a reaction: A + B2 → AB2

Identify the limiting reagent, if any, in the following reaction mixtures.
(i) 300 atoms of A + 200 molecules of B
(ii) 2 mol A + 3 mol B
(iii)100 atoms of A + 100 molecules of B
(iv)5 mol A + 2.5 mol B
(v) 2.5 mol A + 5 mol B
19. Dinitrogen and dihydrogen react with each other to produce ammonia according to the following chemical equation:
N2(g) + H2(g) → 2NH3(g)
(i) Calculate the mass of ammonia produced if 2.00 × 103 g dinitrogen reacts with 1.00×103 g of dihydrogen.
(ii) Will any of the two reactants remain unreacted?
(iii) If yes, which one and what would be its mass?
20. How are 0.50 mol Na2CO3 and 0.50 M Na2CO3 different?
21. If ten volumes of dihydrogen gas react with five volumes of dioxygen gas, how many volumes of water vapour would
be produced?
22. Which one of the following will have largest number of atoms?
(i) 1 g Au (s) (ii) 1 g Na (s) (iii)1 g Li (s) (iv)1 g of Cl2(g)
23. Calculate the molarity of a solution of ethanol in water in which the mole fraction of ethanol is 0.040 (assume the
density of water to be one).
24. What will be the mass of one 12C atom in g?
25. Use the data given in the following table to calculate the molar mass of naturally occurring argon isotopes:

26. Calculate the number of atoms in each of the following

(i) 52 moles of Ar (ii) 52 u of He (iii) 52 g of He.
27. A welding fuel gas contains carbon and hydrogen only. Burning a small sample of it in oxygen gives 3.38 g carbon
dioxide, 0.690 g of water and no other products. A volume of 10.0 L (measured at STP) of this welding gas is found
to weigh 11.6 g.
Calculate: (i) empirical formula, (ii) molar mass of the gas, and (iii) molecular formula.
28. Calcium carbonate reacts with aqueous HCl to give CaCl2 and CO2 according to the reaction,
CaCO3(s) + 2 HCl(aq) → CaCl2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)
What mass of CaCO3 is required to react completely with 25 mL of 0.75 M HCl?
29. Chlorine is prepared in the laboratory by treating manganese dioxide (MnO2) with aqueous hydrochloric acid
according to the reaction
4HCl(aq) + MnO2(s) → 2H2O(l) + MnCl2(aq) + Cl2(g)
How many grams of HCl react with 5.0 g of manganese dioxide?

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 PHOENIX ED [XI-SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY-W.S]

ANSWERS:
1. i) 18.02 u ii) 44.01 u iii) 16.043 u
2. Na=32.4% S=22.6% O=45.05%
3. Fe2O3.
4. i)1 mole ii)22g iii)22g
5. 15.38 g
6. 15.44 mol/L
7. 39.81 g
8. Fe2O3.
9. 35.4527 u
10. i)6 ii)18 iii) 18.069 × 1023
11. 0.02925 mol L–1
12. 25.22 mL
13. 1.01332 × 105 Pa
14. i)1.5×10-3% ii) 1.25 × 10–4 m
15. Do it yourself.
16. Do it yourself.
17. 0.600 m
18. i)B ii)A iii)Neither A nor B iv)B v)A
19. i) 2428.57 g ii)H2 iii) 571.4 g
20. 0.50 mol of Na2CO3 is present in 1 L of water or 53 g of Na2CO3 is present in 1 L of water.
21. 10 volumes
22. 1 g Li (s)
23. 2.314 M
24. 1.993 × 10–23 g
25. 39.947 gmol–1
26. i) 3.131 × 1025 ii) 13 atoms of He iii) 7.8286 × 1024 atoms of He
27. i) CH ii)26 g iii) C2H2
28. 0.9639 g
29. 8.4 g

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 PHOENIX ED [XI-SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY-W.S]

1. In an experiment, 2.4 g of iron oxide on reduction with hydrogen yield 1.68 g of iron. In another experiment,
2.9gO/iron oxide give 2.03 g of iron on reduction with hydrogen. Show that the above data illustrate the law of
constant proportions.
2. Carbon combines with hydrogen to form three compounds A, B and C. The percentages of hydrogen in A, Band
Care 25, 14.3 and 7.7 respectively. Which law of chemical combination is illustrated?
3. Two compounds each containing only tin and oxygen had the following composition:

Show how this data illustrate the law of multiple proportions?

4. Illustrate the law of reciprocal proportions from the following data: KCI contains 52.0% potassium, KJ contains
23.6% potassium and ICI contains 78.2% iodine.
5. Zinc sulphate crystals contain 22.6% of zinc and 43.9% of water. Assuming the law of constant proportions to
be true, how much zinc should be used to produce 13.7 g of zinc sulphate and how much water will they contain?
6. Carbon monoxide reacts with oxygen to form carbon dioxide according to the equation, 2CO + O2 = 2CO2. In an
experiment, 400 mL of carbon monoxide and 180 mL of oxygen were allowed to react, when 80%ofcarbon
monoxide was transformed to carbon dioxide. All the volumes were measured under the same conditions of
temperature and pressure. Find out the composition of the final mixture.
7. How much volume of oxygen will be required for complete combustion of 40mL of acetylene (C2H2 ) and how much
volume of carbon dioxide will be formed? All volumes are measured at NTP.
8. Boron has two isotopes boron-10 and boron-11 whose percentage abundances are 19.6% and 80.4% respectively.
What is the average atomic mass of boron?
9. Carbon occurs in nature as a mixture of carbon-12 and carbon-13. The average atomic mass of carbon is 12.011.
What is the percentage abundance of carbon-12 in nature?
10. Calculate the mass of 2.5 gram atoms of oxygen.
11. Calculate the gram atoms in 2.3 g of sodium.
12. Calculate the mass of 1.5 gram molecule of sulphuric acid.
13. Calculate the actual mass of one molecule of carbon dioxide (CO2 ).
14. A piece of copper weighs 0.635g. How many atoms of copper does it contain?
15. How many molecules of water and oxygen atoms are present in 0.9 g of water?
16. Calculate the mass of a single atom of sulphur and a single molecule of carbon dioxide.
17. What is the mass of 3.01 x1022 molecules of ammonia?
18. From 200 mg of CO2 , 1021 molecules are removed. How many moles of CO2 are left?
19. How many molecules and atoms of oxygen are present in 5.6 litres of oxygen (O2 ) at NTP?
20. How many electrons are present in 1.6 g of methane?
21. The electric charge on the electron is 1.602 x 10-19 coulomb, How much charge is present on 0,1 mole of Cu2+ ions?
22. How many years it would take to spend one Avogadros number of rupees at a rate of 10 lakh of rupees in one
second?

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 PHOENIX ED [XI-SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY-W.S]

23. A chloride of an element contains 49.5% chlorine. The specific heat of the element is 0.056. Calculate the equivalent
mass, valency and atomic mass of the element.
24. On dissolving 2.0 g of metal in sulphuric acid, 4.51 g of the metal sulphate was formed. The specific heat of the metal
is 0.051cal g-1. What is the valency of the metal and exact atomic mass?
25. Potassium chromate is isomorphous to potassium sulphate (K2SO4 ) and is found to contain 26.78% chromium.
Calculate the atomic mass of chromium (K = 39.10).
26. One gram of a chloride was found to contain 0.835g of chlorine. It’s vapour density is 85. Calculate it’s molecular
formula.
27. The oxide of an element contains 32.33 per cent of the element and the vapour density of its chloride is 79. Calculate
the atomic mass of the element.
28. Calculate the percentage composition of calcium nitrate.
29. Determine the percentage of water of crystallisation, iron, sulphur and oxygen in pure ferrous sulphate
(FeSO4.7H2O).
30. It is found that 16.5 g of metal combine with oxygen to form 35.60 g of metal oxide. Calculate the percentage of
metal and oxygen in the compound.
31. Hydrogen and oxygen are combined in the ratio 1: 16 by mass in hydrogen peroxide. Calculate the percentage of
hydrogen and oxygen in hydrogen peroxide.
32. On analysis of an impure sample of sodium chloride, the percentage of chlorine was found to be 45.5. What is
the percentage of pure sodium chloride in the given sample?
33. Calculate the empirical formula for a compound that contains 26.6% potassium, 35.4% chromium and 38.1%
oxygen. [Given, K=39.1, Cr=52, O=16]
34. A compound contains 34.8% oxygen, 52.2% carbon and 13.0% hydrogen, What is the empirical formula mass of the
compound?
35. A compound of carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen contains these elements in the ratio 9:1:3.5. Calculate the empirical
formula. .If it’s molecular mass is 108, what is the molecular formula?
36. A carbon compound containing only carbon and oxygen has an approximate molecular mass of 290. On analysis, it
is found to contain 50% by mass of each element. What is the molecular formula of the compound?
37. A compound on analysis, was found to have the following composition: i) Na=14.31% (ii) S=9.91% (iii) O=69.50%
(iv) H=6.22%. Calculate the molecular formula of the compound assuming that whole of hydrogen in the compound
is present as water of crystallisation. Molecular mass of the compound is 322.
38. 0.44 g of a hydrocarbon on complete combustion with oxygen gave 1.8 g water and 0.88 g carbon dioxide. Show that
these results are in accordance with the law of conservation of mass.
39. Calcium carbonate decomposes completely, on heating, into lime (CaO) and carbon dioxide (C02), 1 kg of calcium
carbonate is completely decomposed by heat, when 560 g of lime are obtained. How much quantity of carbon
dioxide in grams, moles and litres at NTP is produced in the process?
40. How many grams of CaO are required to neutralise 852g of P4O10?
41. If 1 grain is equal to 64.8 mg, how many moles of aspirin (mol. wt. =169) are present in a 5 gram aspirin
tablet?

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42. A plant virus is found to consist of uniform cylindrical particles of 150 Å in diameter and 5000 Å long. The specific
volume of the virus is 0.75cm3/g. If the virus is considered to be a single particle, find its molecular mass.
43. Weighing 3104 carats (1carat= 200 mg), the Cullinan diamond was the largest natural diamond ever found. How
many carbon atoms were present in the stone?
44. A cylinder of compressed gas contains nitrogen and oxygen in the ratio 3:1 by mole. If the cylinder is known to
contain 2.5 x 104 g of oxygen, what is the total mass of the gas mixture?
45. Atmospheric air has 78% N2; 21% 02; 0.9 % Ar and 0.1 % CO2 by volume. What is the molecular mass of air in the
atmosphere?
46. The famous toothpaste Forhans contains 0.76 g of sodium per gram of sodium monofluoroorthophosphate
(Na3PO4F) in 100mL.
(a) How many fluorine atoms are present?
(b) How much fluorine in milligrams is present?
47. An alloy of iron (54.7%), nickel (45%) and manganese (0.3%) has a density of 8.17 g/cm3 . How many iron atoms are
there in a block of alloy measuring 10cm x 20cm x 15cm?
48. An analysis of pyrex glass showed 12.9% B2O3, 2.2% Al2O3, 3.8% Na2O, 0.4% K 2O and remaining is SiO2. What is the
ratio of silicon to boron atoms in the glass?
49. When hydrogen gas was passed over 8.08g of heated metal oxide, it was completely reduced and 1.8g of water was
formed.
(a) What is weight of oxygen in the metal oxide?
(b) What is the equivalent mass of the metal?
50. SO2 is oxidised to SO42- in acid medium, Calculate equivalent mass 0f SO2.
51. What is the equivalent mass of
(a) H 3PO4 when neutralised to HPO42-
(b) HClO4
(c) NaIO3 when reduced to I-
(d) NaIO3 when reduced to I2
(e) Al(OH)3
52. Determine the number of g equivalents of solute in (a) 100 mL of 5N HCl, (b) 250 mL of 0.1N Na2CO3.
53. What volumes of 12 N HCl and 3 N HCI must be mixed to form one litre 6N HCl?
54. (a)What is the normality of a 96 per cent solution of H2SO4 of specific gravity 1.84?
(b) How many mL of 96 per cent sulphuric acid solution is necessary to prepare one litre 0.1 N H2SO4 ?
(c) 10 what volume should 10mL of 96 per cent H2SO4 be diluted to prepare 2N solution?
55. 250 mL of x M solution and 500 mL of y M solution of a solute A are mixed and diluted to 2 litre to produce a final
concentration of 1.6 M.
If x:y= 5 :4, calculate x and y.
56. What is the strength in g per litre of a solution of sulphuric acid, 12 mL of which neutralise 15 mL of N/10 sodium
hydroxide solution?
57. 4.9 g of H2SO4 is present in 100 mL of the solution. What is the molarity of the solution? Calculate its normality also.

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58. 25 mL of N/10 caustic soda solution exactly neutralises 20 mL of an add solution containing 7.875 g of acid per litre.
Calculate the equivalent mass of the acid.
59. 150 mL 0f N/10 HCl is required to react completelv with 1.0 g of a sample of limestone calculate the percentage
purity of calcium carbonate.
60. 0.63g of dibasic acid was dissolved in water. The volume of the solution was made 100 mL. 20 mL of this acid
solution required 10mL N/5 NaOH solution. What is the equivalent mass and molecular mass of the acid?
61. 10.875 g of a mixture of NaCI and Na2CO3 was dissolved in water and the volume made up to 250mL, 20 mL of this
solution required 75.5 mL of N/10 H2SO4 . Find out the percentage composition of the mixture.
62. A quantity of ammonium chloride was heated with 100 mL of 0.8 N NaOH solution till the reaction was complete.
The excess of NaOH was neutralised with 12.5 mL of 0.75 N H2SO4 , Calculate the quantity of ammonium chloride.
63. A sample of Na2CO3.H2O weighing 0.62 g is added to 100 mL of 0.1 N sulphuric acid. Will the resulting solution be
acidic, basic or neutral? (At. mass H= 1; C=12; 0=16; Na=23; S=32).
64. A solution containing 4.2 g of KOH and Ca(OH)2 is neutralised by an acid. If it consumes 0.1 g equivalents of the
acid calculate the composition of the sample.
65. 40 mL of HCl is exactly neutralised by 20 mL of NaOH solution. The resulting neutral solution is evaporated to
dryness and the residue is found to have a mass of 0.117 g. Calculate the normality of the HCl and NaOH.
66. 1.03 g mixture of sodium carbonate and calcium carbonate require 20 mL N HCI for complete neutralisation.
Calculate the percentage of sodium carbonate and calcium carbonate in the given mixture.
67. 1.325 g of anhydrous sodium carbonate are dissolved in water and the solution made up to 250 mL. On titration 25
mL of this solution neutralise 20 mL of a solution of sulphuric acid. How much water should be added to 450 mL of
this acid solution to make it exactly N/12?
68. A sample of sodium carbonate contains sodium sulphate also. 1.5 g of the sample is dissolved in water and volume
raised to 250 mL. 25 mL of this solution requires 20 mL of N/10 H2SO4 solution for neutralisation. Calculate the
percentage of sodium carbonate in the sample.
69. In a sample of sodium carbonate some sodium sulphate is also mixed. 1.25 g of this sample is dissolved and the
volume made up to 250 mL. 25 mL of this solution neutralises 20 mL of N/10 sulphuric acid. Calculate the
percentage of sodium carbonate in the sample.
70. 1.725 g of a metal carbonate is mixed with 300 mL of N/10 HCl. 10 mL of N/2 sodium hydroxide were required to
neutralise excess of the acid. Calculate the equivalent mass of the metal carbonate.
71. 1.575 g of oxalic acid (COOH)2.xH2O are dissolved in water and the volume made up to 250 mL. On titration 16.68
mL of this solution requires 25 mL of N/15 NaOH solution for complete neutralisation. Calculate x.
72. 25 mL of a mixture of NaOH + Na2CO3 when titrated with N/10 HCI using phenolphthalein indicator required 25
mL HCI to decolourise phenolphthalein. At this stage methyl orange was added and addition of acid was continued.
The second end point was reached after further addition of 5 mL of the acid. Calculate the amount and NaOH in one
litre of the solution.
73. A solution contains Na2CO3 and NaHCO3. 10 mL of the solution required 2.5 mL of 0.1 M H2SO4 for neutralisation
using phenolphthalein as indicator. Methyl orange is then added when a further 2.5 mL of 0.2 M H2SO4 was
required. Calculate the amount of Na2CO3 and NaHCO3 in one litre of the solution.

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74. Calculate the normality of a solution obtained by mixing 100mL N/10 H2SO4 , 50 mL N HNO3 and 25mL N/10 HCI
solutions.
75. 0.5 g of fuming H2SO4 (oleum) is diluted with water This solution is completelv neutralised bv 26.7 mL of 0.4 N
NaOH. Find the percentage of free SO3 in the sample solution.
76. 0.789 g of crystalline barium hydroxide is dissolved in water. For the neutralisation of this solution, 20 mL of N/4
HNO3 is required. How many molecules of water are present in 1 g mole of this base? (Ba=137.4; O=16; N=14; H=1).
77. A piece of aluminium weighing 2.7 g is heated with 75 mL of H2SO4 (Sp. Gr.= 1.18, containing 24.7% H2SO4 by
mass). After the metal is carefully dissolved, the solution is diluted to 400 mL. Calculate the molarity of the free
H2SO4 in the resulting solution.
78. 0.50 g of a mixture of K2CO3 and Li2CO3 requires 30 mL of a 0.25 N HCI solution for neutralisation. What is the
percentage composition of the mixture?
79. 5 mL of 8 N nitric acid, 4.8 mL of 5 N hydrochloric acid and a certain volume of 17 M sulphuric acid are mixed
together and made up to 2 litres. Thirty mL of this acid mixture exactly neutralise 42.9 mL of sodium carbonate
solution containing one gram of Na2CO3 ·10H20 in 100 mL of water. Calculate the amount in grams of the sulphate
ions in solution.
80. 2.26 g of an ammonium salt were treated with 100 mL of normal NaOH solution and boiled till no more of ammonia
gas was given off. The excess of NaOH solution left over required 60 mL normal sulphuric acid. Calculate the
percentage of ammonia in the salt.
81. 10 mL of a solution containing sulphuric acid and hydrochloric acid required 16 mL of caustic soda solution for
neutralisation. On adding excess of barium chloride to 20 mL of the same solution of the mixture of the two acids it
gives 0.3501g barium sulphate. What is the amount of hydrochloric acid per litre in the mixture of acids? (Ba=
137.4; S= 32; 0= 16; Cl = 35.5)
82. A small amount of CaCO3 completely neutralises 525 mL of 0.1 N HCl and no acid is left in the end. After converting
all calcium chloride to CaSO4 how much plaster of Paris can be obtained?
83. 25 mL of 0.107 M H3PO4 was titrated with 0.1 15M solution of NaOH to the end point identified by indicator
bromocresol green. This required 23.1 mL. The titration was repeated using phenolphthalein as indicator.This time
25 mL of 0.107 M H3PO4 required 46.2 mL of the 0.115 M NaOH.What is the coefficient 'n' in the following reaction?
84. 11.2 g carbon reacts completely with 19.63 litre O2 at NTP. The cooled gases are passed through 2 litre of 2.5 N
NaOH solution. Calculate concentration of remaining NaOH and Na2CO3 in solution. (CO does not react with NaOH
under these conditions).
85. 0.5 g of an oxalate was dissolved in water and the solution made to 100 mL. On titration 10 mL of this solution
required 15 mL of N/20 KMnO4. Calculate the percentage of oxalate in the sample.
86. How many mL of a 0.05 M KMnO4 solution are required to oxidise 2.0 g of FeSO4 in a dilute solution (acidic)?
87. 5.5 g of a mixture of FeSO4 ·7H2O and Fe2(SO4)3.9H2O required 5.4 mL of 0.1 N KMnO4 solution for complete
oxidation. Calculate the gram mole of hydrated ferric sulphate in the mixture. (At. mass H = 1; O = 16; S= 32; Fe =
56).
88. 0.5 g mixture of K2Cr2O7 and KMnO4 was treated with excess of Kl in acidic medium. Iodine liberated required 100
cm 3 of 0.15 N sodium thiosulphate solution for titration. Find the per cent amount of each in the mixture.

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89. Calculate the percentage of availablechlorine in a given sample of bleaching powder from. the
following data:
3.55 g of bleaching powder when treated with acetic acid and excess of Kl liberated iodine which required 60 mL. of
0.5 sodium thiosulphate solution.
90. 0.261g of a sample of pyrolusite was heated with excess of HCl and the chlorine evolved was passed in a solution of
KI. The liberated iodine required 90 mL N/30 Na2S2O3. Calculate the percentage of MnO2 in the sample.
91. 50 mL of an aqueous solution of H2O2 was treated with an excess of Kl solution and dilute H2SO4 , The liberated
iodine required 20 mL 0.1 N Na2S2O3 solution for complete interaction. Calculate the concentration of H2O2 in g/L.
92. 0.124 g of iron wire was dissolved in dilute H2SO4 in oxygen free atmosphere and the resultant solution was titrated
against 0.09672 N solution of KMnO4. The titre value was 22.90 mL. Calculate the percentage purity of iron wire.
93. A sample of hydrazine sulphate (N2H6SO4 ) was dissolved in 100 mL of water. 10 mL of this solution was reacted
with excess of FeCl3 solution and warmed to complete the reaction. Ferrous ion formed was estimated and it
required 20mL of N/50 KMnO4. Estimate the amount of hydrazine sulphate in 1 L of solution.

94. 0.1 M KMnO4 is used for the following titration. What volume of the solution in mL will be required to react with
O0.158g of Na2S2O3?

95. 25 mL of H2O2 solution were added to excess of acidified solution of Kl. The iodine so liberated required 20 mL of
0.1 N Na2S2O3 for titration. Calculate the strength of H2O2 in terms of normality, percentage and volume.
96. 0.804 g sample of iron ore was dissolved acid. Iron was reduced to +2 state and it required 47.2 mL of 0.112 N
KMnO4 solution for titration. Calculate the percentage of iron and Fe3O4 in the ore.
97. An equal volume of a reducing agent is treated separately with 1 M KMnO4 in acid, neutral and alkaline media. The
volume of KMnO4 required are 20 mL in acid, 33.4 mL in neutral and 100 mL in alkaline media. Find out the
oxidation state of manganese in each reaction product. Give the balanced equations for all the three half reactions.
Find out the volume of 1 M K2Cr2O7 consumed, if the same volume of the reducing agent is treated in acid medium.
98. 1.6 g of pyrolusite ore 11 was treated with 50 cm3 of 1.0 N oxalic acid and some sulphuric acid. The oxalic acid left
undecomposed was raised to 250 cm3 in a flask. 25 cm3 of this solution then titrate with 0.1 N KMnO4 required 32
cm3 of the solution. Find the percentage of pure MnO2 in the sample and also the percentage of available oxygen.
99. A mixture of H2C2O4 and NaHC2O4 weighing 2.02 g was dissolved in water and the solution made up to one litre. 10
mL of this solution required 3.0 mL of 0.1 N NaOH solution for complete neutralisation. In another experiment 10
mL of same solution in hot dilute H2SO4 medium required 4 mL of 0.1 N KMnO4 for complete neutralisation.
Calculate the amount of H2C2O4 and NaHC2O4 in the mixture.
100. A 3.0g sample containing Fe3O4 , Fe2O3 and an inert impure substance is treated with excess of Kl solution in
presence of dilute H2SO4. The entire iron is converted to Fe2+ along with the liberation of iodine. The resulting
solution is diluted to 100 ml. A 20 mL of the dilute solution requires 11.0 mL of 0.5 M Na2S2O3 solution to reduce the
iodine present. A 50 mL of the diluted solution after complete extraction of iodine requires 12.8 mL of 0.25M

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 PHOENIX ED [XI-SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY-W.S]

KMnO4 solution in dilute H2SO4 medium for oxidation of Fe2+. Calculate the percentage of Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 in the
original sample.
101. 0.56 g of limestone was treated with oxalic acid to give CaC2O4 rhe precipitate decolourised 45 mL of 0.2N KMnO4
in acid solution. Calculate the % of CaO in limestone.
102. A solution of 0.2g of a compound containing Cu2+ and C2O42- ions on titration with 0.02 M KMnO4 in presence of
H2SO4 consumes 22.6 mL oxidant. The resulting solution is neutralised by Na2CO3 acidified with dilute acetic acid
and titrated with excess of Kl. The liberated iodine required 11.3 mL of 0.05 M Na2S203 for complete reduction. Find
out the mole ratio of Cu2+ and C2O42- in the compound.
103. 12g of an impure sample of arsenious oxide was dissolved in water containing 7.5g of sodium bicarbonate and the
resulting solution was diluted to 250 mL. 25 mL of this solution was completely oxidised by 22.4 mL of a solution of
iodine. 25 mL of this iodine solution reacted with same volume of a solution containing 24.8 g of sodium
thiosulphate solution (Na2S2O3.5H2O) in one litre. Calculate the percentage of arsenious oxide in the sample.
(Atomic mass of As = 75).
104. Hydrogen peroxide solution (20 mL) reacts quantitatively with a solution of KMnO4 (20 mL) acidified with dilute
H2SO4. The same volume of the KMnO4 solution is just decolourised by 10 mL of MnSO4 in neutral medium
simultaneously forming a dark brown precipitate of hydrated MnO2. The brown precipitate is dissolved in 10 mL of
0.2 M sodium oxalate under boiling condition in the presence of dilute H2SO4. Write the balanced equations
involved in the reactions and calculate the molarity of H2O2.
105. The Mn3O4 formed on strong heating of a sample of MnSO4.4H20 was dissolved in 100 cm3 of 0.1 N FeSO4
containing dilute H2SO4 . The resulting solution reacted completely with 50 cm3 of KMnO4 solution. 25 cm3 of this
KMnO4 solution requires 30 cm3 of 0.1 N FeSO4 solution for complete reaction. Calculate the amount of MnSO4 .
4H20 in the sample.
106. 0.96 g of hydrogen iodide was heated to 450°C till the equilibrium was reached. It was then quickly cooled and the
amount of iodine liberated required 15.7 cc of N/10 sodium thiosulphate. Calculate the percentage of hydrogen
iodide dissociated at 450°C.
107. 50 mL sample of ozonised oxygen at NTP was passed through a solution of potassium iodide. The liberated iodine
required 15 mL of 0.08 N Na2S2O3 solution for complete titration. Calculate the volume of ozone at NTP in the given
sample.
108. 10 mL of a potassium dichromate solution liberates iodine from potassium iodide solution. When the iodine was
titrated with hypo solution (N/20), the titre value was 15 mL. Find the concentration of dichromate solution in g per
litre.
109. 1.5 g of sample of impure potassium dichromate was dissolved in water and made up to 500 mL solution. 25 mL of
this solution required iodometrically 24 mL of a sodium thiosulphate solution. 26 mL of this thiosulphate solution
required 25 mL of N/20 solution of pure potassium dichromate. Find the percentage purity of impure sample of
potassium dichromate.
110. 5 g of a sample of brass were dissolved in 1 litre dil. H2SO4 , 20mL of this solution were mixed with KI and liberated
iodine required 20 mL of 0.0327 N hypo solution for titration. Calculate the amount of copper in the alloy.
111. An excess KI solution is mixed in a solution of K 2Cr207 and liberated iodine required. 72 mL of 0.05 N Na2S2O3 for
complete reaction. How many grains of K2Cr2O7 were present in the solution of K2Cr2O7? The reaction occurs as:

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112. Oxygen is prepared by catalytic decomposition of potassium chlorate (KClO3 ). Decomposition of potassium chlorate
gives potassium chloride (KCl) and oxygen (O2 ), How many moles and how many grams of KClO3 are required to
produce 2.4 mole O2?
113. Calculate the mass of (CaO) that can be prepared by heating 200 kg of limestone CaCO3 which is 95% pure.
114. Chlorine is prepared in the laborat0ry by treating manganese dioxide (MnO2) with aqueous hydrochloric acid
according to the reaction,

How many grams of HCl will react with 5 g MnO2?

115. How many grams of oxygen are required to burn completely 570 g of octane?
116. Calculate the number of grams of magnesium chloride that could be obtained from 17.0 g of HCI when HCI is
reacted with an excess of magnesium oxide.
117. How many kilograms of pure H2SO4 could be obtained from 1kg of iron pyrites (FeS2) according to the following
reactions?

118. If 20g of CaCO3 is treated with 20g of HCl, how many grams of CO2 can be generated according to the following
equation?

119. 100g sample of calcium carbonate is reacted with 70g of orthophosphoric acid. Calculate:
(a) the number of grams of calcium phosphate that could be produced.
(b) the number of grams of excess reagent that will remain unreacted.
120. 1g of Mg is burnt in a closed vessel which contains 0.5g of O2:
(i) Which reactant is left in excess?
(if) Find the mass of the excess reactant.
121. The reaction,

is carried out by taking 24 g of carbon and 96 g O2 , Find out:

(a) Which reactant is left in excess?
(b)How much of it is left?
(c) How many moles of CO are formed?
(d) How many grams of other reactant should be taken so that nothing is left at the end of the reaction?
122. For the reaction:

1.23 g of CaO is reacted with excess of hydrochloric acid and 1.85 g of CaCl2 is formed. What is the per cent yield?

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 PHOENIX ED [XI-SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY-W.S]

123. Chlorine evolved by the reaction of 45.31 g of pyrolusite (impure) and excess of HCI is found to combine
completely with the hydrogen produced by the reaction of 10 g of magnesium and excess of dilute hydrochloric acid.
Find the percentage of purity of MnO2 in the given pyrolusite.
124. A solid mixture (5.0 g) consisting of lead nitrate and sodium nitrate was heated below 6000C until the mass of the
residue was constant. If the loss in mass is 28.0 per cent, find the amount of lead nitrate and sodium nitrate in the
mixture.
125.3.68 g of a mixture of calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate when heated· strongly leaves 1 .92 g of a white
residue. Find the percentage composition of the mixture.
126. 0.5 g of a mixture of K2CO3 and Li2CO3 required 30 mL of 0.25 N HCI solution for neutralization. What is the
percentage composition of the mixture?
127. What volume of NH3 (g) at 27° C and 1atm pressure will be obtained by thermal decomposition of 26.25 g NH4Cl?
128. What quantity of copper (II) oxide will react with 2.80 litre of hydrogen at NTP?
129. Calculate the volume of carbon dioxide at NTP evolved by strong heating of 20 g calcium carbonate.
130. Calculate the volume of hydrogen liberated at 27° C and 760 mm pressure by treating 1.2 g of magnesium with
excess of hydrochloric acid.
131. A solid mixture (5 g) consisting of lead nitrate and sodium nitrate was heated below 600°C until the weight of the
residue is constant. If the loss in weight is 28%, find the amount of lead nitrate and sodium nitrate in the mixture.
132. 1 litre mixture of CO and CO2 is taken. This is passed through a tube containing red hot charcoal. The volume now
becomes 1.6 litre. The volumes are measured under the same conditions. Find the composition of mixture by
volume.
133. What volume of air containing 21 % oxygen by volume is required to completely burn 1 kg of carbon containing
100% combustible substances?
134. What volume of oxygen gas at NTP is necessary for complete combustion of 20 litre of propane measured at 27° C
and 760mm pressure?
135.One litre of oxygen at NTP is allowed to react with three times of carbon monoxide at NTP. Calculate the volume of
each gas found after the reaction.
136. Calculate the weight of CaO required to remove the hardness of 1000000 litre of water containing 1.62 g of CaCO3
per litre.
137. A mixture in which the mole ratio of H2 and O2 is 2:1 is used to prepare water by the reaction

The total pressure in the container is 0.8 atm at 20° C before the reaction. Determine the final pressure at 1200C
after reaction assuming 80% yield of water.
138. An impure sample of calcium carbonate contains 80% pure calcium carbonate. 25 g of the impure sample reacted
with excess of hydrochloric acid. Calculate the volume carbon dioxide at NTP obtained from this sample.
139. The weight of 1 litre sample of ozonized oxygen at NTP was found to be 1.5 g. When 100 mL of this mixture at NTP
were treated with turpentine oil, the volume was reduced to 90 mL. Hence, calculate the molecular weight of ozone.
140. A mixture ofNaHCO3 and Na2CO3 weighed 1.0235 g. The dissolved mixture was reacted with excess of Ba(OH)2 to
form 2.1028 g BaCO3, by the following reactions:

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 PHOENIX ED [XI-SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY-W.S]

What was the percentage of NaHCO3 in the original mixture?

141. A mixture of ethane and ethene occupies 40 litre at 1.00atm and at 400 K. The mixture reacts completely with 130 g
of O2 to produce CO2 and H2O. Assuming ideal gas behaviour, calculate the mole fractions of C2H6 and C2H4 in the
mixture.
142. A mixture of HCOOH and H2C2O4 is heated with concentrated H2SO4. The gas produced is collected and on
treating with KOH solution, the volume of the gas decreases by 1/6th. Calculate the molar ratio of the two acids in
the original mixture.
143. 3.6 g mixture of sodium chloride and potassium chloride is dissolved in water. The solution is treated with excess
of silver nitrate solution 7.74 g of silver chloride is obtained. Find the percentage of sodium chloride and potassium
chloride in the mixture.
144. 5 g of K2SO4 were dissolved in 250 mL of solution. How many mL of this solution should be used so that 1.2 g of
BaSO4 may be precipitated from BaCl2 solution?
145. A 2.00 g of sample containing Na2C03 and NaHCO3 loses 0.248 g when heated to 3000C, the temperature at
which NaHCO3 decomposes into Na2CO3, CO2 and steam. What is the percentage of Na2CO3 in the mixture?
146. A 1.00g sample of KClO3 was heated under such conditions that a part of it was decomposed according to the
equation,

and the remaining underwent change according to the equation,

If the amount of oxygen evolved was 146.8 mL at STP, calculate the percentage by mass ofKClO4 in the residue.
147. A mixture of FeO and Fe3O4 when heated in air to a constant weight gains 5% in its mass. Find the composition of
the initial mixture.
148. A mixture in which the mole ratio of H2 and O2 is 2:1 , is used to prepare water by the reaction:

The total pressure in the container is 0.8 atm at 20°C before the reaction. Determine the final pressure at 120°C
after the reaction, assuming 80% yield of water.

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 PHOENIX ED [XI-SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY-W.S]

ANSWERS:
1. Ratio=1: 2.33
2. Ratio=1 : 2 : 4
3. Ratio=1 : 2
4. Ratio= 1: 3.5
5. 3.0962gof zinc; 6.0143g water
6. Carbon monoxide =80mL; Carbon dioxide = 320mL; Oxygen =20 mL
7. For complete combustion of 40 mL of acetylene, 100 mL of oxygen are required and 80 mL of carbon dioxide is
formed.
8. 10.804 amu.
9. 98.9%.
10. 80.0g
11. 0.1
12. 147.0g
13. 7.304 X 10-23 g
14. 6.02 x 1021
15. 3.010x 1022; 3.010x 1022
16. 5.33 X 10-23 g; 7.308 x 10-23 g
17. 0.85g
18. 2.88 x 10- 3
19. 1.505 x 1023 molecules; 3.01 X 1023 atoms
20. 6,02 x 1023 electrons
21. 0.2 faraday
22. 1.9089x 1010 years
23. Equivalent mass of the metal = 36.21; Valency=3; mass=108.63
24. Valency=3; mass= 114.72
25. 52
26. MCl4
27. 15.28
28. Ca=24%, N=17%, O=59%
29. Water of crystallization=45.32%, Fe=20.14%, S=11.51%, O=23.02%
30. Metal=46.3%, O=53.7%
31. H=5.88%, O=94.12%
32. 75%
33. K2Cr2O7
34. 46
35. C3H4N; C6H8N2
36. C12O9
37. Na2SO4.10H2O

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 PHOENIX ED [XI-SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY-W.S]

38. 0.44g in both.

39. 440g; 10 moles; 224 litres.
40. 1008 g.
41. 1.92 x 10-3
42. 7.095 xl07
43. 3.12 X 1015
44. 9.0625 X 104 g
45. 28.964
46. (a)2.5 x 1021 atoms; (b) 78.9 mg fluorine
47. 1.442 X 1026
48. 7.3:1
49. (a)16 g; (b)32.4
50. 32
51. (a)49; (b)100.5; (c) 33; (d)39.6; (e)26
52. (a)0.5; (b)0.025
53. 333.3 mL 12 NHCl and 666.7 mL 3 NHCl are mixed.
54. (a) 36.05 N; (b) 2.77 mL; (c) 180.25 mL
55. x=4.92; y=3.94
56. 6.125 g/L
57. 0.5M; 1N
58. 63
59. 75%
60. 63; 126.
61. Na2CO3=45.99%; NaCl=54.01%
62. 3.7783 g
63. Neutral
64. KOH=35%; Ca(OH)2=65%
65. HCl=0.05(N); NaOH=0.10(N)
66. Na2CO3=51.46; CaCO3=48.54
67. 225 mL
68. 70.67
69. 84.8
70. 69
71. x=2
72. 3.2 g
73. Na2CO3=5.3 g/L of mixture; NaHCO3=4.20 g/L of mixture.
74. 0.2286 N
75. 20.72
76. 8 g moles of water molecules are present in one g mole of the base.

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 PHOENIX ED [XI-SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY-W.S]

77. 0.1826 M
78. K2CO3 = 0.48 g; or 96%; Li2CO3 = 0.02 g; or 4%.
79. 6.528g
80. 30.09
81. 1.825
82. 3.806 g
83. 2
84. 1.68 N; 0.82 N
85. 66%
86. 52.7 mL
87. 9.52×10-3
88. K2Cr2O7=14.64%; KMnO4=85.36%
89. 30%
90. 50%
91. 0.68
92. 100% pure
93. 6.50g
94. 26.7 mL
95. 0.448 Vol.
96. 50.5%
97. 16.66
98. MnO2=48.9%; O2=9%
99. H2C2O4=0.9 g ; NaHC2O4= 1.12 g
100. Fe2O3 =49.33%; Fe3O4=34.8%
101. 45%
102. 1:2
103. 9.24%
104. MH2O2=0.1 M

105. 1.338 g
106. 20.9%
107. 13.44 mL at NTP.
108. 3.675 g/L
109. 75.26%

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 PHOENIX ED [XI-SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY-W.S]

110. 41.529%
111. 0.1764
112. 1.6 mole; 196g
113. 106.4 kg
114. 8.39 g
115. 2000 g
116. 22.12 g
117. 1.63 kg
118. 8.8g
119. (a)103 g or 0.33 mole; (b)4.88 g
120. (i)Magnesium; (ii) 0.25 g
121. (a)O2; (b)64 g; (c) 2 moles; (d) 72 g.
122. 76.1%
123. 80%.
124. Lead Nitrate=3.324 g; Sodium Nitrate=1.676 g.
125.CaCO3=54.35%; MgCO3=45.65%
126. K2CO3=96%; Li2CO3=4%
127. 12.315 litre
128. 9.95 g
129. 4.48 litre
130. 1.2308 litre
131. Lead Nitrate= 3.3246 g; Sodium Nitrate= 1.6754 g.
132. Volume of CO = 400 mL and volume of CO2 =600 mL
133. 8.8885×103 litres.
134. 91 litre
135.CO=1 litre; CO2= 2 litre.
136. 560 kg.
137. 0.7864 atm.
138. 4.48 litre.
139. 48
140. 40.27%
141. Ethane=66.66; Ethene= 33.34
142. 4:1
143. NaCl=42.7%, KCl=57.3%
144. 44.8 mL
145.66.4%
146. 49.8%
147. FeO=20.2; Fe3O4=79.8
148. 0.787 atm.

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 PHOENIX ED [XI-SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY-W.S]

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