SINDH CURRICULUM FOR

COMPUTER
SCIENCE

GRADES XI-XII
2019

GOVERNMENT OF SINDH
SCHOOL EDUCATION AND LITERACY DEPARTMENT

DIRECTORATE OF CURRICULUM, ASSESSMENT &

RESEARCHSINDH
JAMSHORO
 TABLE OF CONTENT
Acronyms ……………………………………………………………………………… 02
Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………. 04
Major Changes in Reviewed Curriculum……………………………………………… 05
Framework of Curriculum…………………………………………………………….. 06
Competencies of Computer Science Curriculum……………………………………… 07
Competencies, Standards and Benchmarks of the Curriculum ………………………… 08
Competencies Covered through Units …………………………………………………. 10
UNITS FOR GRADE XI
UNIT 1: Overview of Computer System ………………………………………... 11
UNIT 2: Computer Memory……………………………………………………... 13
UNIT 3: Inside System Unit …………………………………………………….. 14
UNIT 4: Operating System ……………………………………………………… 15
UNIT 5: Programming Concept Using C++ …………………………………….. 17
UNIT 6: Arrays, String and Structure …………………………………………… 19
UNIT 7: Computer Communication & Networks ………………………………. 20
UNITS FOR GRADE XII
UNIT 1: System Development Life Cycle ………………………………………. 21
UNIT 2: Pointers ………………………………………………………………… 22
UNIT 3: Object Oriented Programming Using C++ ……………………………. 22
UNIT 4: File Handling ………………………………………………………….. 23
UNIT 5: Database Fundamentals………………………………………………… 24
UNIT 6: Introduction to Multimedia…………………………………………… 26
UNIT 7: Wireless and Mobile Communication………………………………….. 27
Computer Science Lab Activities (Practical) 29
Assessment and Evaluation 32
Unit-wise Weightages ………………………………………………………… 33
The Distribution of Time – Theory and Lab …………………………………………... 34
The Textbook 35
Sample Programs and Practical Journals ……………………………………………… 39
The Web-based Resources ……………………………………………………………. 40
Suggestions and Feedback…………………………………………………………… 41
Computer Science Provincial Review Committee (PRC) …………………………… 42

Curriculum for Computer Science Grade XI -XII, 2019 1

 ACRONYMS
AC Accumulator
ALU Arithmetic and Logic Unit
CD Compact Disc
CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
CLI Command Line Interface
CPU Central Processing Unit
CRT Cathode Ray Tube
CU Control Unit
DOS Disk Operating System
DSL Digital Subscriber Line
DVD Digital Versatile Disk
EEPROM Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory
EISA Extended Industry Standard Architecture
EPROM Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory
GCD Greatest Common Divisor
GUI Graphic User Interface
HDMI High-Definition Multimedia Interface
HTML Hyper Text Mark-up Language
I/O Input/ Output
IDE Integrated Development Environment
ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network
IT Information Technology
LAN Local Area Network
LED Light Emitting Diode
MAN Metropolitan Area Network
MB Mega Byte
OOP Object Oriented Programming
OS Operating System
PCI Peripheral Component Interconnect
PROM Programmable Read-Only Memory
RAM Random Access Memory
ROM Read Only Memory
SD Secure Digital
URL Uniform Resource Locator
USB Universal Serial Bus
VGA Video Graphic Array
VISA Virtual Instrument Software Architecture

Curriculum for Computer Science Grade XI -XII, 2019 2

 WAN Wide Area Network
Wifi Wireless Fidelity
WiMax Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
WWW World Wide Web

Curriculum for Computer Science Grade XI -XII, 2019 3

INTRODUCTION
In recent past, nothing has affected the entire human life more than Computer science.
Computer and allied technologies are playing vital role in reshaping the society at an amazing
speed as well as magnitude. As a matter of fact, almost every modern technology, whether
directly or indirectly, depends on the applications of computer science. An amazing fact
about computer is that its accuracy, reliability and the productivity are continuously
increasing while on the other hand, its prices and sizes are decreasing day by day. Now, we
find computer everywhere and in reach of everyone. It is becoming mandatory for every
student to receive quality computer education irrespective of what field they have chosen to
pursue. Education is all about solving the problems and in the modern era computers are the
tools to assist the problem-solving process. We live in the era where we cannot secure the
future of our children without inculcating the knowledge and skills of using Information and
Communication Technology (ICT). The 21st century learning skills like Critical Thinking,
Creativity, Collaboration, Communication, Information Literacy, Media Literacy,
Technology Literacy etc are largely associated with the ICT. Every employer in today’s job
market demands these skills. In order to enable our students to face the challenges of modern
age and make them successful professionals, we need to equip them with ICT knowledge and
skills.

THE CONTEXT
Currently Computer Science is not a compulsory subject at Higher Secondary level
which it should be. Computer Science falls in Science General Group. Any student who
passes SSC from any other group i.e. Science or Humanities can take Computer Science. It
means that at HSC there are two groups of students. One who have already studied Computer
Science for two years (in IX and X) and second who have just started. Developing a
curriculum that offers new concepts to the earlier students and building the foundation of new
students is challenging.

Furthermore, students who choose Computer Science have to leave Chemistry. This is
great disadvantage for the students of this group as if they have left with very few choices at
university level. Removing this obstacle may attract more students to opt Computer Science
which is the need of the time because the field of ICT has a great number of opportunities;
currently and in near future.

Curriculum for Computer Science Grade XI -XII, 2019 4

RATIONALE FOR REVIEWING THE NATIONAL CURRICULUM 2009
After the 18th amendment, provinces are mandated to develop and review curriculum
documents. In Sindh, the updated textbooks of Computers Science have not been developed
yet. Therefore, it is desirable to review and update the concepts that emerged during recent
years before publishing new books. Further, the National Curriculum of Computer Science
was developed in 2009. Keeping in view, the drastic changes occurring in the field of science
and technology, it is more appropriate to offer up to date learning experience to the students.

MAJOR CHANGES MADE IN REVIEWED CURRICULUM

The National Curriculum for Computer Science 2009 is the foundation of this
reviewed curriculum. However, the contextual and contemporary changes have been made in
it. The framework given in the National Curriculum 2009 was in descriptive form. The first
change that is made in the reviewed curriculum is to reshape the curriculum framework.
Therefore, in the reviewed Curriculum, Standards are placed under Competencies (see figure
1; on the next page). Secondly, the Standards and Benchmarks are updated, and few new
concepts are introduced. Thirdly, some old concepts from the National Curriculum 2009 have
been deleted and some are modified. Fourthly, to avoid any boredom or monotonous learning
experience, some chapters are shuffled. Fifthly, in order to nourish the aesthetic sense and the
creativity of students, a new competency “Multimedia and Graphics” has been introduced.
Finally, the Computer Programming portions has been made relevant to the real world
problems and the practical portions has been enriched with new and more interesting
activities.

One more important consideration made throughout the review process is engagement
and interest of both groups of student; the students who have already studied Computer
Science and the students who have choose subject of Computer Science at HSC Level (Grade
XI). Therefore, in each competency, some SLOs are dedicated to build the foundation for the
new students while the same may be treated as revision for the students who have already
studied these concepts.

The Committee of reviewers recommends that this curriculum should be evaluated

after two years of its implementation and, in the light of the demands and interest of actual
users i.e. students and teachers, further changes may be made.

Curriculum for Computer Science Grade XI -XII, 2019 5

FRAMEWORK OF CURRICULUM
Competencies, standards, benchmarks and student learning outcomes (SLOs)
formulate the framework of Curriculum for Computer Science for Grade XI- XII. This
curriculum framework provides a comprehensive image of the curriculum.

Competencies

Standards

Benchmarks

Students Learning Outcome

Figure No. 1: Curriculum Framework

 Competency: Competencies or strands are the key learning area that student will
accomplish and learn
 Standard: The standard defines the competency by specifying broadly, the
knowledge, skills and attitudes that students will acquire, should know and be able to do
in a particular learning area during twelve years of schooling.
 Benchmark: The benchmark further elaborates the standards, indicating what the
students will accomplish at the end of each developmental level in order to meet the
standards.

 Student Learning Outcome: Student Learning Outcomes (SLOs) are based on the
knowledge, skills, abilities, and attitudes that students are intended to have achieved at the

Curriculum for Computer Science Grade XI -XII, 2019 6

 end of a unit. SLOs are measurable instructional goals established for a specific group of
students over a set period of time. SLOs serve as one of the measures of student growth.
These are built on the description of the benchmarks and describe what student will
accomplish at the end of each grade.

COMPETENCIES OF COMPUTER SCIENCE CURRICULUM FOR GRADE

XI-XII

This reviewed curriculum of Computer Science Curriculum of Grade XI and XII is

underpinned on the following seven competencies described in the Curriculum of Grade IX
and X. These competencies are further elaborated by the Standards and Benchmarks which
progress according to the age levels.

COMPETENCIES

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Data Communication &

Multimedia & Graphics

Database Management
Information Literacy

Productivity through

Development Skills
Operating System

Programming
Computer &

Technology

Networks

System

Figure No. 2: Competencies in Computer Science Curriculum

Curriculum for Computer Science Grade XI -XII, 2019 7

 Competencies, Standards and Benchmarks of the Curriculum

Sr. Competency Standard Benchmark

Students will understand the fundamentals of 1.1. Understand operations of computer using various hardware
computer and Information Technology (IT), possess components and software modules.
Computer and
1 Information Computing skills for speedy information handling and 1.2. Understand memory, its types and usages
Literacy check virus attacks and authentication loopholes to 1.3. Recognize the physical components of computer and
take appropriate remedial measures. understand their functions
Students will develop their understanding about the This Competency was covered in elementary and secondary classes.
use of productivity tools (like Word Processor,
Productivity
2 Through Spreadsheet, presentation tools, graphic tools and)
Technology which will help to enhance learning, to increase
productivity and to promote creativity.
To describe different types of operating systems and 3.1 Explain various types of Operating Systems
Operating their functions and understand process management 3.2 Describe functions of Operating Systems
3 System
3.3 Know the process management
3.4 Use and manage GUI System
To have knowledge of communication using 4.1 Recognize communication medium and devices
Data
transmission media and devices with various 4.2 Understand transmission impairments associated with
Communication
4
& Networks technologies, describe communication in different appropriate communication technologies
types of networks, know communication standards 4.3 Describe communication in different types of networks

Curriculum for Computer Science Grade XI -XII, 2019 8

 and identify commonly used technologies in wired 4.4 Describe ISO’s OSI 7 layers model
and wireless networks. 4.5 Explain TCP/IP protocol sites used on the Internet
4.6 Illustrate understanding of wireless technologies
To write code to solve problems using high level 5.1 Understand and relate the concept of System Development Life
programming languages and understand the concept Cycle
of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP). 5.2 Program in C++ languages using data types and control
Programming
5 Development structures
Skills 5.3 Understand the concept of Object-Oriented Programming
5.4 Understand the concept of Pointers and File handing and use
them in programs
To understand database fundamentals, types, 6.1 Know database system and its operation
terminologies, entities and relationships, and ER- 6.2 Build ER-data models
Database models and develop database application in MS 6.3 Understand the use of DBMS
6 Systems
Access. 6.4 Create, populate and manage tables
6.5 Create different types of queries in MS Access
6.6 Design ER model in MS Access
Multimedia and 7.1 Understand the concept of Multimedia and different Medium/
Graphics To Understand and Use the Multimedia Applications
Application
7 for Academic and Entertainment purposes. 7.2 Use the Multimedia Package to develop Audios and Videos

7.3 Understand the concept of importing and exporting

Curriculum for Computer Science Grade XI -XII, 2019 9

 Competencies Covered through Units in Grade XI & XII
Data
Computer
Productivity Operating Communicat Multimedia
and Programming Database
Competency Through System ion & and
Information Development Skills Systems
Technology Networks Graphics
Literacy
Unit 1:
Overview of
Computer Unit 5: Programming
System Unit 7: Concept Using C++
Unit 4: Computer
Grade XI Unit 2: Operating Communica
Computer System tion & Unit 6:
Memory Networks Arrays, String and
Structure
Unit 3: Inside
System Unit
Unit 1: System
Development Life
Cycle

Unit 7: Unit 2: Pointers Unit 6:

Wireless Unit 5:
Introductio
Grade XII and Mobile Unit 3: Object Database
Oriented n to
Communica Fundamentals
Programming Using Multimedia
tion
C++

Unit 4: File Handling

Curriculum for Computer Science Grade XI -XII, 2019 10

 CURRICULUM FOR COMPUTER SCIENCE GRADE XI
UNIT 1: OVERVIEW OF COMPUTER SYSTEM
Contents and Scope Learning Outcomes/Skills
The students will be able to:
1.1 Introduction to  Describe term computer system
Computer o Computer Hardware
System o Computer Software
o Basic Operations of Computer
o Computer Memory
 Demonstrate the block diagram of computer system
consisting hardware, software, basic operations and
memory

1.2 Computer  Classify the hardware (input, output, storage, processing

Hardware and and communication) devices as per their functionality.
their examples  Input Devices
o Keyboard
o Mouse
o Joy Stick / Joy Pad
o Scanning Devices
o Data Tablets / Stylus
o Voice Recognition Devices
o Touch Sensitive Screens
o Webcam
o Bar Code Scanner
o Microphones
 Output Devices
o Monitors (LED, LCD, Plasma, CRT)
o Printers (All Types)
o Plotters
o Multimedia Projectors
o Speakers / Headphones
o SGD (Speech Generating Device)
 Storage Devices and Media
o Hard Disk
o Flash Drive/USB/Pen Drive

Curriculum for Computer Science Grade XI -XII, 2019 11

 o CD / DVD / CD-R/ CD-RW
o Blue-ray Drive
o SD Card and Micro SD Card
 Communication Devices
o Network Interface Card
o Modem
o Data Terminals Equipment’s
o Fax Machines
o Switch/ Hub
o Gateway
o Routers

1.3 Computer  Explain system software and its types

Software o Operating Systems
o Device Drivers
o Language Translator
o Antimalware (Antivirus, Trojan Horses)
 Discuss Application software
o General Purpose Software
o Special Purpose Software
 Describe Utility software
o Compression Software
o Data Recovery Software
o Disk Manager

1.4 Computer  Explain Primary and Secondary Memory

Memory  Compare primary and secondary memory as per their
functions.

Curriculum for Computer Science Grade XI -XII, 2019 12

UNIT 2: COMPUTER MEMORY
Contents and Scope Learning Outcomes/Skills
The students will be able to:
2.1 Memory  Understand the memory measurement units
Measurement Units o Bit
o Nibble
o Byte
o Kilo Bytes KB
o Mega Bytes MB
o Giga Bytes GB
o Tera Bytes TB

2.2 Primary/ Main  Differentiate between volatile and non-volatile memory

 Discuss the following types of computer memory:
Memory
o RAM
- Static RAM
- Dynamic RAM
o ROM
- PROM
- EPROM
- EEPROM
2.3 Secondary Memory  Explain secondary storage devices
o Hard Drive
 Describe other Peripheral Storage Devices
o Flash Drive (USB)/ Data Traveler
o External Hard drive
o SD Card/ Micro SD Card
o Combo drives

Curriculum for Computer Science Grade XI -XII, 2019 13

UNIT 3: INSIDE CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (SYSTEM UNIT)
Contents and Scope Learning Outcomes/Skills
The students will be able to:
3.1 System Unit  Describe the characteristics of different CPU casings
 Discuss the main components of system unit
o Power supply
o Motherboard/Main Board
o Hard drive
o Combo drive
o Ports
o Cooling System

3.2 Motherboard/  Recognize the various components on motherboard

o Microprocessors
Mainboard o BIOS (ROM)
o RAM Slot
o CMOS Battery
o Jumpers
o Ports
o Expansion Slots
o System Bus
 Outline the function of each component

3.3 Microprocessor  Explain the role of internal architecture of

microprocessor
o Clock
o Registers
o Arithmetic and Logic Unit(ALU)
o Control Unit (CU)
o Cache
 Recognize the External Architecture of
Microprocessor (Based on pins)
o Address pins
o Data pins
o Control pins
o Interrupt Pins

Curriculum for Computer Science Grade XI -XII, 2019 14

 o Power Pins
 Understand the microprocessors specifications in
terms of Technology, Generation, Clock speed, Bits,
Bus width, Cache
3.3 Buses  Define buses
o Address Bus
o Data Bus
o Control Bus
 Differentiate the types of buses on the basis of data
flow direction (Uni-directional and Bi-directional).

3.4 Ports  Discuss the types of ports

o Serial Ports
o Parallel Ports
o USB
o HDMI
3.5 Expansion Slots  Explain the functions of different types of slots for
expanding the computer system
o PCI
o EISA
o VISA

UNIT 4: OPERATING SYSTEM

Contents and Scope Learning Outcomes/Skills

The students will be able to:

4.1 Introduction to  Define Operating System & its objectives

Operating System  Discuss the most used operating system for
computers (Windows, Mac, DOS and UNIX)
 Explain the following features of Operating System
o Batch Processing
o Multi-Tasking
o Time Sharing
o Multi-Processing

Curriculum for Computer Science Grade XI -XII, 2019 15

 o Parallel Processing
o Distributed
o Embedded

4.2 Functions of Describe the following main functions of operating

Operating System system:
o Booting
o Process Management
o Memory Management
o File Management
o I/O System Management
o Secondary Storage Management
o Network Management
o Protection System
o Command-Interpreter
4.3 Process  Define a process
Management  Describe the following states of processing
o New
o Running
o Waiting/ blocked
o Ready
o Terminated
 Differentiate between
o Thread and process
o Multi-threading & multi-tasking
4.4 Working with GUI  Familiarize with environment of the Windows
OS Operating System
 Apply data management techniques (files/ folders)
o Creation
o Deletion
o Copying
o Renaming
 Understand the concept of drives and paths
 Apply files and folders searching options
 Understand the Properties and Attributes of files and
folders
 Demonstrate the management of the hardware

Curriculum for Computer Science Grade XI -XII, 2019 16

 software resources through control panel
 Use DirectX (dxdiag) command to analyze the
computer resources
 Show and Change System Configurations by using
msconfig command

UNIT 5: PROGRAMMING CONCEPT USING C++

Contents and Scope Learning Outcomes/Skills
The students will be able to:
5.1 Overview of  Explain data types & Operators used in C++
Programming  Discuss input output streams
Concepts  Use cascading technique in input output streams
 Build different programs by using operators
5.2 Review of Control  Use Selection / Decision Making Structure to develop
Structure programs by using
o if Statement
o if-else statement
o elseif statement
o switch- default statement
o Nested if- else

 Use Iteration Statement /Loops in programs by using

o for
o while
o do-while
o Nested loops
 Differentiate Jump Statements
o break
o continue
o goto
5.3 Function  Discuss type of functions and their advantages
o Pre-defined
o User Defined
 Explain the signature of function (Name, Arguments,
Return type)
 Apply the following terms related to functions

Curriculum for Computer Science Grade XI -XII, 2019 17

 through programming
o Function declaration (prototype)
o Function definition (declaratory & body)
o Function call
 Explain Scope & Visibility of local, global, and static
variables
 Differentiate /Compare formal and actual parameters
 Define the use of inline functions in a program
 Define the statement “exit function”

5.4 Passing  Apply passing arguments to user defined functions

arguments and o Constants
returning values o By value
o By reference
 Use default argument
 Use “return” statement to return values from function

5.5 Function  Explain function overloading and its advantages
overloading  Write a code for function overloading by using
o Number of arguments
o Data types of arguments
o Return types

Curriculum for Computer Science Grade XI -XII, 2019 18

UNIT 6: ARRAYS, STRINGS AND STRUCTURES
Contents and Scope Learning Outcomes/Skills
The students will be able to:
6.1 Introduction to  Discuss the concept of an array and its elements
arrays  Explain the following
o Array Name
o Array Size
o Array Index
 Describe defining and initializing an array of different
data types (with syntax)
 Explain how to access an element in an array
 Develop a program to traverse an array (using loop)
 Use the sizeof( ) function to find the size of an array

6.2 Two dimensional  Explain two dimensional array and its initialization with
Arrays syntax
 Write a program to access a two-dimensional array

6.3 Strings  Explain strings and how to define a string

 Understand the appropriate use of string terminator (‘\0’)
 Write a statement to initialize a string
 Apply the following string functions
o strlen()
o strcat()
o strcpy()
o strcmp()
o substr()
6.4 Structures  Explain Structure and its declaration
 Explain how to define structure Variable
 Write code for Initializing and accessing structure
members.

Curriculum for Computer Science Grade XI -XII, 2019 19

UNIT 7: COMPUTER COMMUNICATION AND NETWORKS

Contents and Scope Learning Outcomes/Skills

7.1 Basic of Networks  Describe the Networks and its advantages
 Discuss Network components:
o Sender
o Receiver
o Medium
o Message
o Protocol
7.2 Data Flow Direction  Define following Data flow directions (Communication
(Communication Modes)
Modes) o Simplex
o Half Duplex
o Full Duplex

7.3 Transmission  Describe Transmission medium and their types:

Medium o Guided Medium (Twisted Pair, Coaxial & Fiber Optic)
o Unguided medium (Radio waves, Microwave, Infrared)

7.4 Network Types and  Discuss Types of networks:

Topologies: o Local Area Network (LAN)
o Wide Area Network (WAN)
Describe following topologies
o Ring
o Star
o Bus
o Mesh
o Hybrid
o Tree

7.5 Standard  Explain Standard organizations

Organizations o ISO
Network Architectures o IEEE
o ITU
o ASCII
 Describe following network architectures
o ISOs OSI Model
o TCP/IP Model
o Internet Model

Curriculum for Computer Science Grade XI -XII, 2019 20

 CURRICULUM FOR COMPUTER SCIENCE – GRADE XII
UNIT 1: SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE
Contents and Scope Learning Outcomes/Skills
The students will be able to:
1.1 System Development  Define a System
Life Cycle  Explain System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) and its
importance in software development.
 Define the following stakeholders roles in (SDLC)
o Project Manager
o Business Analyst (Requirement)
o System Architect (Design)
o Software Developer/Development Team (Coding)
o Tester/Testing team (Testing)
o Operational Team (Implementation)
o Production Support Team (Maintenance)
1.2 Phases of Software  Describe the following Phases of System/Software
Development Life Development Life Cycle(SDLC)
Cycle o Planning and Requirement Analysis:
 Problem Identification
 Planning
 Feasibility
 Analysis
o Software Requirement Engineering
 Requirement Gathering
 Functional Requirement
 Non-Functional Requirement
 Content and structure of the Specification (SRS)
o Designing the product Architecture
 Design (Algorithm, Flow Charts)
o Developing or Implementation
 Coding and program development
o Testing
 Bugs and Errors
o Deployment In the Market and Maintenance
 SLA (Service Level Agreements)

Curriculum for Computer Science Grade XI -XII, 2019 21

UNIT 2: POINTERS
Contents and Scope Learning Outcomes/Skills
The students will be able to:
2.1 Pointers  Discuss pointers and their significance
 Understand memory addresses
 Explain the use of reference operator ( & )
 Explain the use of dereference operator ( * )
 Describe declaration of pointer variable with syntax
 Write a statement to Initialize pointers
 Create a simple program for using pointers

UNIT 3:OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMING CONCEPTS USING C++

Contents and Scope Learning Outcomes/Skills
The students will be able to:
2.1 OOPS Concepts  Discuss the concept/ principles of Object Oriented
Programming.
o Encapsulation
o Inheritance
o Polymorphism
 Explain class and object
 Describe the member of a class:
 Data
 Member Functions
2.2 Encapsulation  Explain encapsulation
 Understand the use of “access specifiers”:
o Private
o Public
 Discuss the concept of data hiding
 Define constructor and destructor with syntax
o Default constructor/destructor
o User defined constructor
o Constructor overloading
 Use constructor and destructor in simple program
 Write a code to declare object for accessing:
o Data members
o Member functions

Curriculum for Computer Science Grade XI -XII, 2019 22

2.3 Inheritance  Explain Inheritance
 Discuss the concept of ‘reusability’ in inheritance
 Define the following terms:
o Base Class
o Derived/ Inherited Class
o Protected Access Specifier
 Write code for accessing members of:
o Base Class
o Derived Class
2.4 Polymorphism  Explain Polymorphism
 Define the following terms:
o Overloading
o Overriding
 Write code for:
o Member function overloading
o Member function overriding

UNIT 4: FILE HANDLING

Contents and Scope Learning Outcomes/Skills

Students will be able to:

4.1 File Handling  Define file handling

 Differentiate the binary and text file
 Write code to open the file
 Explain modes of opening file (read, write,
append)
 Define the concept of
o BOF
o EOF
 Define streams
o Single character I/O
o String I/O
o Binary I/O
 Write simple programs to create and read data files

Curriculum for Computer Science Grade XI -XII, 2019 23

 UNIT5: DATABASE FUNDAMENTALS
Contents and Scope Learning Outcomes/Skills

Students will be able to:

5.1 Introduction to Database  Discuss the Difference Between Flat File system and
Database Management System
 Discuss the Application of Database with examples.
 Define the components of Database Management system
o Hardware
o Software
o Data
o Procedure
o Data Access Language
 Define the following Characteristics of Database
o Data Normalization
o Data Accuracy
o Data integrity
o Control Redundancy
o Scalability
o Security
 Demonstrate diagrammatic representation of following
Database Models
o Object Relational Model
o Entity Relational Model
 Describe the following Database Users Roles.
o Database Administrator(DBA)
o Database Application Programmer/Developer

5.2 Database Abstraction  Demonstrate diagrammatic representation of following

Architecture, ERModeling three Levels of data Abstraction.
and Normalization o Physical Level
o Logical/Conceptual level
o External Level/View level
 Define the following basic concepts of relational
database with Examples.
o Table
o Record or Tuple
o Field or column name or attributes
o Schema Designing
 Demonstrate the following Entity Relation Diagram

Curriculum for Computer Science Grade XI -XII, 2019 24

 Basics
o Diagrammatic representation of Entities Types
o Diagrammatic representation of attributes
o Diagrammatic representation of relationships
 Describe the following levels of Data Normalization:
o 1st Normal Form 1NF
o 2nd Normal Form 2NF
o 3rd Normal Form 2NF
 Describe the following Integrity Constraints
o Not Null Constraints
o Primary key
o Foreign Key
 Describe the following Entity Relations:
o One to One
o One to Many
o Many to Many
o Many to One
5.3 Introduction to Structure  Describe the Structure Query language (SQL) concepts
Query Language (SQL) using:
o Syntax of Structured Query Language (SQL)
o Writing Basic SQL SELECT Statements
o Where Clause with Select Statement
o Mathematic Operation +, -, *, / in Select Statement
o Rational Operator in Where Clause
 Describe the following Operators in SQL
o Arithmetic Operator
o Comparison Operator
o Logical Operators
 Differentiate between Selection and Projection with
example of SQL Syntax
 Define the syntax of following joins
o Equijoin By syntax
o Cross Join By syntax
 Describe the following SQL/DML Statements
o Create Table
o Inset and modify data into table
o Deleting Table
5.4 Planning a Database  Design Schema of Library Management by
particularizing the following steps for Database Design.
o Determine the Purpose of the Database (Requirement

Curriculum for Computer Science Grade XI -XII, 2019 25

 Analysis)
o Determine the tables you need in the Database
o Determine the fields you need in the tables.
o Identify fields with unique values.
o Determine the relationships between tables(Up to
3NF).
o Refine the design.

UNIT 6: MULTIMEDIA
Contents and Scope Learning Outcomes/Skills
The students will be able to:
6.1 Multimedia and its  Define Multimedia
importance  Explain the importance and advantages of
Multimedia
6.2 Components of  Explain the following Components of Multimedia
Multimedia o Text
o Graphics
o Animation
o Audio
o Video
 List various file types used to store multimedia
files.
6.3 Multimedia Packages  Describe Multimedia Applications
o Web-Base Application
o Non-Web Application
 Explain different available packages for Audio
and Video Editing (Applicable tools may include
Proshow Gold, JetAudio etc)
6.4 Using Multimedia  Define the following:
o Scene/ Canvas
o Layers
o Key frames
 Make a video of 2 minutes on any topic by
importing/ recording/ using text, graphics, Audio
& Video
 Export Videos in different Formats

Curriculum for Computer Science Grade XI -XII, 2019 26

  Demonstrate Uploading and sharing videos

UNIT 7: WIRELESS AND MOBILE COMMUNICATION

Contents and Scope Learning Outcomes/Skills

The students will be able to:
8.1 Wireless and Mobile  Describe following:
Communication o Wireless communication
o Mobile communication
 Define basic terminologies of wireless
communication:
o Frequency Spectrum
o Radio Signals
o Radio Transceiver
o Access Point
o Line of Sight Communication
8.2 Short Distance  Compare the short distance wireless technologies
Wireless on the basis of range, speed and frequency:
Communication o Wifi
o WiMax
o Bluetooth
o Infrared
o Microwave
8.3 Long Distance Wireless  Describe long distance wireless communication
Communication  Compare the different types of GPS:
o Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO)
o Medium Earth Orbit (MEO)
o Low Earth Orbit (LEO)
7.4 Cellular Network  Describe the concepts of cellular networks
 Define the components of cellular networks
Concepts
o Cell
o Base Station
o Frequency and Interface in Cells
o Mobile Switching Center (MSC)
o Base Transceiver Station (BTS)

Curriculum for Computer Science Grade XI -XII, 2019 27

7.6 Mobile Network  Discuss the generation and technologies used in
cellular networks:
Generations
o 2G (GSM)
o 3G (GPRS)
o 4G (LTE)
o 5G (Future)
7.7 Ad hoc Networks  Define Ad hoc Network
 Differentiate between:
o Fixed (Ad hoc Network)
o Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET)

Curriculum for Computer Science Grade XI -XII, 2019 28

 Computer Science Lab Activities

Activities for Grade XI

1. Demonstrate the physical component of the CPU and motherboard

2. Assembling, dissembling and connecting different part of computer like RAM, Hard
Disk, Cables etc.
3. Demonstrate the BIOS setting and selecting booting options
4. Demonstrate the components of Desktop and Windows Explorer
5. Manage files and folder using cut, copy, move, delete and rename operations
through drag and drop and menu selection
6. Demonstrate the management of the hardware and software resources through
control panel
7. Use files and folders searching options
8. Demonstrate the Properties and Attributes of files and folders, also change the
attributes
9. Write program of Simple Calculator using Arithmetic Operators

10. Write of Program of simple Marksheet by using Selection Structures.

11. Input a number and find out whether it is a prime or composite

12. Input a 4 (four) digit number and display each digit in separate line

13. Calculate factors of a given numbers

14. Write a function to draw of stars for a given size

15. Write a function that returns larger number from 2 arguments

16. Write a program to sort list of items in array (numeric / string )

17. Search a Number/Character from inputted list of items (numeric /string)

18. Calculate average of all array members

19. Finding addition and multiplication of a matrices (Maximum 3 x 3)

20. Write a program to display your inputted name in reverse order using strlen().
21. Writer a program to create structure to display employee data with structure
members as name, designation and salary.

Curriculum for Computer Science Grade XI -XII, 2019 29

 22. Demostrate different types of network cables and practically implement the
cross-
wired cable and straight through cable using clamping tool.
23. Show usage of network devices
24. Set of network IP setting.
25. Connect the computers in Local Area Network.
26. Make centralised and decentralised Network.

Activities for Grade XII

1. Write program to define class “STUDENT” with data members ‘AGE’ and
‘PERCENTAGE’, take input and show data through object.
2. Write program that Initializes object data using constructors
3. Write a program to define class “TIME” with data members ‘HOURS’,
‘MINUTES’ and ‘SECONDS’, use constructors to initialize object input data and
show results.
4. Draw a class “BASE” and inherit a class ‘DRIVE CLASS’ with it, define object of
drive class and take input and show data through that object.
5. Draw ‘BASE’ and ‘DRIVE’ classes and show concept of overloading and
overriding.

6. Write a program to display the address and the value of a variable using pointer
7. Write a program that send address of two variables as arguments to a function in
pointers and double their values in function using pointers.
8. Develop a program to write and read a text file.
9. Develop a program to write and read a binary file using ‘student’ object (name, age,
percentage).
10. Create Table by defining the attributes (columns) and assigning data types
11. Change the table structure by adding or removing columns and changing fields
12. Delete any specific table
13. Insert, delete and update records in table
14. Using SELECT command to fetch records with different clauses, operators and

Curriculum for Computer Science Grade XI -XII, 2019 30

 functions
15. Write text in 2D or 3D and import image and save with different file formats.
16. Importing of Audio and Video files in a single file.
17. Use Scene / Canvas / Model to place different components like text and images
18. Apply Layers and Keyframes.
19. Make a video of 2 minutes on any topic by importing/ recording/ using text,
graphics, Audio & Video
20. Export Videos in different Formats
21. Demonstrate Uploading and sharing videos

Curriculum for Computer Science Grade XI -XII, 2019 31

ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATION
Assessment is the process of gathering information by using a variety of tools and
techniques that reflects how well a student is achieving the curriculum expectations in the
subject. As part of assessment, teachers provide students with descriptive feedback that
guides their efforts towards improvement. The quality of assessment largely determines the
quality of evaluation. Evaluation refers to the process of judgment and decisions based on
the interpretation of evidence gathered through assessment. Assessment and evaluation
should be based on the expectations outlined in the curriculum. There are various methods
of assessing students learning such summative, formative and authentic assessment.

Summative Assessment
The type of assessment used at the end of a term, lesson, or year for the purposes of
grading, certification, and evaluation of student progress is called summative assessment.
Examples of summative assessment are quarterly, annual examinations and/or monthly test
for which grades/marks are assigned to judge a student’s progress. For Grade XI and XII,
Summative Assessment is conducted by BISE.

Formative Assessment
On the other hand, formative assessment is conducted for the purpose of improving
teaching and learning. They are conducted at the classroom level to assess student learning
outcomes frequently and regularly. The results are used for immediate improvement of the
teaching and learning process and also accountability purposes. Example of formative
assessment could be class test, group tasks, discussions, and/or student learning portfolios
which help teachers and students to understand

Authentic Assessment
Authentic Assessment is a form of assessment in which students are asked to
perform real-world tasks that demonstrate meaningful application of essential knowledge
and skills. An authentic assessment usually includes a task for students to perform and a
rubric by which their performance on the task will be evaluated. The Authentic Assessment
helps students to construct and apply their knowledge in real situations. This also provides
the direct evidences of students’ learning. In computer science this form of assessment is

Curriculum for Computer Science Grade XI -XII, 2019 32

very helpful. In current curriculum programming, database management and multimedia
are the areas where teachers can develop tasks for Authentic Assessment.

Generally, at HSC level the Summative Assessment is more focused and privileged.
This leads teachers to teach only for final exam or in other words teaching to the test.
However, we should remember that each type of assessment has its own efficacy as well as
limitation. The power of classroom assessment may not be ignored. There are substantial
SLOs which cannot be assessed through paper-pencil test. Therefore teachers need to
combine different assessment strategies to assure the students learning. In essence an
effective learning-outcomes-oriented quality assurance system must be based on constant
monitoring and effective feedback loops.

To ensure that assessment and evaluation lead to the improvement of student learning,
teachers must use specific assessment and evaluation strategies that:

 Are aligned with student learning outcomes of the curriculum.

 Use variety of assessment strategies that cover all the areas given in curriculum
 Are administered over a period of time and designed to provide opportunities for
students to demonstrate full range of their learning
 Ensure that each student is given clear directions for improvement. Especially
through qualitative feedback.
 Are communicated clearly to students and parents in advance
 Maintain the record of the progress of each student

UNIT-WISE WEIGHTAGES
Following tables explain weightages of specified units with respect to grades IX-X.
They will be supportive to:

 The teachers and education planners to develop the assessment and evaluation
strategies,
 The textbook writers to give a specific weightage to a particular unit

Curriculum for Computer Science Grade XI -XII, 2019 33

Unit-wise Weightages for Grade XI

Unit Title Weightage

Overview of Computer System
1 15%
Computer Memory
2 10%
Inside System Unit
3 15%
Operating System
4 10%
Programming Concept Using C++
5 20%
Arrays, String and Structure
6 15%
Computer Communication & Networks
7 15%

TOTAL 100%

Unit-wise Weightages – Grade XII

Unit Title Weightage

1 System Development Life Cycle 10%
2 Pointers 15%
3 Object Oriented Programming Using C++ 25%
4 File Handling 10%
5 Database Fundamentals 15%
6 Introduction to Multimedia 15%
7 Wireless and Mobile Communication 10%
TOTAL 100%

The Distribution of Time – Theory and Lab

Teaching schedules are among the integral parts of classrooms. They help school
management to run and monitor the teaching of a particular subject. The following tables,
indicating unit-wise time distribution for theory and lab classes. It will be supportive to the
teachers and education planners. Although, the time to be spent may be varied according to

Curriculum for Computer Science Grade XI -XII, 2019 34

circumstances. It is advisable that teachers should not grossly depart from the suggested
time.

Unit-wise Time Distribution of Grade XI

No. of Periods
Unit Title
Theory Lab
1 Overview of Computer System 15 -
2 Computer Memory 10 -
3 Inside System Unit 10 10
4 Operating System 10 10
5 Programming Concept Using C++ 20 20
6 Arrays, String and Structure 25 25
7 Computer Communication & Networks 25 -
TOTAL 180

Unit-wise Time Distribution of Grade XII

No. of Periods
Unit Title
Theory Lab
1 System Development Life Cycle 15 -

2 Pointers 05 05

3 Object Oriented Programming Using C++ 30 30

4 File Handling 05 05

5 Database Fundamentals 20 10

6 Introduction to Multimedia 20 20

7 Wireless and Mobile Communication 15 -

TOTAL 180

THE TEXTBOOK DEVELOPMENT

Print materials, particularly the textbooks, have to play a key role towards providing
quality education at all levels. Although there are many stakeholders that contribute

Curriculum for Computer Science Grade XI -XII, 2019 35

towards the overall learning of the child yet the importance of textbook as a repository of
knowledge cannot be ignored. Research reports suggest that in most cases, textbooks are
the only source for teachers and students to deliver the curriculum.

Textbook writers have a vital role to play in shaping the young minds through their
writing. Characteristically, A textbook:

 content as well as presentation is thoughtfully planned

 is written by the qualified and competent subject expert(s) who are fully orientated
with curriculum,
 is attractive and engaging and must stimulate the interest of teacher and the students.
 provides updated knowledge and inculcate latest skills as the subject of Computer
Science demands,

Guidelines for Textbook Authors

In textbook writing generally the following aspects may be taken into consideration:

 The textbook should fulfill the objectives of teaching Computer Science at this level
 The text should be clear and concise. Unnecessary details must not be included.
 The material should not be cramped. To make it more digestible, it may be chunked
into smaller parts with headings
 The author should continuously focus on standard, benchmarks and SLOs
 The textbook should be visually appealing and should maintain the interest of the
students
 The title page should be attractive and representative of the content of the textbook
 The color scheme of pictures should be close to real life
 The textbook should include detailed table of contents
 Activities/ Exercises must be designed related to 21st Century learning skills like
critical thinking and problem solving.
 The author should bring himself to the mental level of students, he/she is writing for
 The span of the textbook should be fairly reasonable

Curriculum for Computer Science Grade XI -XII, 2019 36

  The Computer Science textbook is expected to provide accurate and up-to-date
information. In previous instance, the HSC level textbook was not updated for more
than decade.
 Textbook should build vertical linkage between various concepts from lower to
higher grade level
 The text material should be arranged in a logical manner; simple to complex,
familiar to unfamiliar and concrete to abstract
 The text material must be free from ambiguities and errors
 Highlight the headings, sub-heading, key words, terms and definitions. For
distinctionuse level heading
o Level A: 4.1, 4.2
o Level B: 4.1.1, 4.2.1
o Level C: (a), (b), (c) or (i), (ii), (iii)
o Level D: Bold but unnumbered.
 Figures and table must be clear and numbered as Fig.4.1, 4.2, 4.3------ followed by
captions, label if needed (font size 9).

Textbook Style and Structure

To make a textbook an effective teaching and learning resource its style and
structure is given due importance. The material needs to be structured in a coherent and
logical way, and that writing style should be reader friendly.

Unit Opening

Unit Outline Include list of headings.

Student Learning One SLO for each heading may be included. If they are
Outcomes (SLOs) numerous then a reasonable number is acceptable.

Short Introduction Explain what this unit covers and why.

Curriculum for Computer Science Grade XI -XII, 2019 37

Unit Body
Use italics for emphasis and bold for key terms. Define key
Key Terms terms when first introduced and collate them with their
definitions for the glossary.
The content of the units must cover all the SLOs. The
Content command words help author about the scope of depth of the
SLO.
Separated from the main body of text, they allow the author to
Tips or Hints speak directly to the student, offering useful advice or
flagging importantpoints.

Include pictures, graphs, drawing, and flowcharts etc that help

Visuals students understanding the concepts. The visuals should be
clear, large enough and most importantly relevant.

Unit Ending
Include multiple-choice questions, interpretive exercises,
developing programs, fill-in and matching items. Students
Checkpoint
Exercises may also be asked to label diagrams or write a one word
answer to short question and other current days exercises .

Lab Exercises Include computer lab exercises, appropriate to the unit.

Include a review of the main concepts. This can relate to the
Summary SLOs by covering each in turn (bullet points work well). The
summary should not include any new information.

End of Textbook
Glossary Include only the key terms in the glossary.
Include bibliography and list of books for suggested
Bibliography
reading.

Index Include index for the key terms used in the book.

Curriculum for Computer Science Grade XI -XII, 2019 38

SAMPLE PROGRAMS AND PRACTICAL JOURNALS
Teaching Computer Science should aim to make students skillful. It will also be
very helpful for the teachers and students if some sample programs are developed based on
the SLOs given in the curriculum. These sample programs will stimulate students to apply
the acquired skill and bring their own creativity.

Development of Practical Journals will assist students to acquire the desired skill of
programming, presentation, problem solving and creativity. This is also important that
practical activities must not be based on cram and reproduce. Practical journal should not
only cover all the practical activities listed in the curriculum but also explain them in easy
manner. Practical exercises/ projects/ assignments should help to develop conceptual
understanding of the students. They should assist students in developing skills by applying
knowledge to new situations.

THE TEACHERS’ MANUAL

The Teachers’ Manual is a great pedagogical resource for teachers. It informs
teachers how to use the text book and guides how the content should be delivered to
students that it facilitates the utmost students’ learning. Teacher Manual can be seen as the
means of helping teachers develop professionally. It should provide detailed explanation of
key concepts and the way to teach a particular topic. Ideally the teacher's manual should
come with the textbook.

The teachers’ manual should:

 Be easy to understand and use

 Help teachers to teach text and extend activities
 Give sequenced instructions for each activity
 Include detailed lesson plans
 Suggest projects and activities to assign
 Establish a test bank (having questions different from text) and suggest interactive
way to assess each unit

Curriculum for Computer Science Grade XI -XII, 2019 39

  Involve various up-to-date and relevant teaching strategies and rationale for
suggested teaching
 Explain how to implement each teaching strategy
 Identify constraints and strengths of each strategy or activity
 Identify resources needed for teaching strategies and extension of activities
 Expand and develop teachers repertoire of knowledge and skills

THE WEB-BASED RESOURCES

Internet is smart, effective and dynamic tool for education. The World Wide Web is
growing at amazing speed. As of January 2019, there were over 1.94 billion websites on the
Internet. However, the use of Web-based resources for teaching and learning is hindered by
the difficulties in locating resources that are relevant, of high quality, and accurate. Web
based resources are helpful for both teachers and students.

Some worldly acknowledge web learning resources are given in the following table
according to the concepts given in this curriculum. Education Managers, Teachers, Teacher
Educators, Students and Parents are encouraged to look beyond this list to enhance the
learning process.

Title of Website Universal Resource Locator (URL)

C Language https://www.learn-c.org/
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/system_analysis_and_design/sys
tem_analysis_and_design_development_life_cycle.htm
System Development Life
Cycle
https://www.softwaretestinghelp.com/software-development-
life-cycle-sdlc/
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/computer_fundamentals/compu
Computer Hardware
ter_hardware.htm
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/computer_fundamentals/compu
Computer Software
ter_software.htm
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/operating-system-introduction-
operating-system-set-1/
Operating System
https://www.studytonight.com/operating-system/types-of-os
Object Oriented https://www.upwork.com/hiring/development/object-oriented-
Programming programming/

Curriculum for Computer Science Grade XI -XII, 2019 40

 https://www.studytonight.com/cpp/cpp-and-oops-concepts.php
https://www.guru99.com/what-is-dbms.html
Database Management
System
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/dbms/
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/basics_of_computer_science/bas
Multimedia
ics_of_computer_science_multimedia.htm

SUGGESTIONS AND FEEDBACK

Curriculum should be a living document. The contemporary changes in the real
world must be reflected in the curriculum. Therefore, it is always needed to evaluate and
review the curriculum periodically. The Civil Society, Media, Scholars, Teacher Educator
and Teachers can also play their role to improve and update the curriculum by sending their
critique, suggestions and feedback to curriculum development and review organization.
In case of any suggestion and feedback about this curriculum, all the stakeholder may write
to Director, Directorate of Curriculum, Assessment and Research Sindh Jamshoro or email
at dcarsindh@gmail.com.

Curriculum for Computer Science Grade XI -XII, 2019 41

COMPUTER SCIENCE PROVINCIAL REVIEW COMMITTEE (PRC)
Mr. Abdul Majeed Bhurt Mr. Muhammad Zahid Shaikh
Executive Director, Associate Professor (Rtd.)
Sindh Teachers Education Development Computer System Engineering,
Authority, Karachi Mehran University of Engineering and
Email:amajeedb@yahoo.com Technology Jamshoro
Email:zahid.shaikh@faculty.muet.edu.pk

Ms. Zufishan Kamal, Mr. Ajmal Saeed,

Assistant Professor (Computer Science), Lecture (Computer Science),
Govt. Shah Latif Girls College, Latifabad No. 6, Govt. SachalSarmast Arts & Commerce College,
Hyderabad. Hyderabad.
Email:xufi1974@gmail.com Email:ajmalsaeed50@gmail.com

Mr. Furqan Kalam Tirmizi, Mr. Imran Pathan

Lecture (Computer Science), Lecturer/ Instructor (Computer Science),
Govt. Degree College and Post Graduate Center, Divisional Education Technology Resource
Latifabad No. 11, Hyderabad. Center, Latifabad No. 7, Hyderabad.
Email: imran8net@gmail.com
Email:sfkhunny@gmail.com

Ms. Nasreen Sahito Mr. Mushtaque Ahmed

District Coordinator Subject Specialist
Local Support Unit-RSU Hyderabad Directorate of Curriuclum, Assessment and
School Education & Literacy Department, Research Sindh- Jamshoro.
Government of Sindh, Karachi Email: azmiansari@hotmail.com
Email: nasreensahito@gmail.com

Curriculum for Computer Science Grade XI -XII, 2019 42