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TP Heat Exchanger HT31

This document describes a laboratory experiment to determine the overall heat transfer coefficient in a tubular heat exchanger under co-current and counter-current flow conditions. Hot water flows through the inner tube as the heating fluid while city water flows through the outer tube as the product to be heated. Temperatures are measured at multiple points under varying flow rates in both flow configurations. Calculations are made to determine the energy transferred, logarithmic mean temperature difference, and overall heat transfer coefficient. Modifications to enhance the heat transfer coefficient in such a heat exchanger are also discussed.

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394 views4 pages

TP Heat Exchanger HT31

This document describes a laboratory experiment to determine the overall heat transfer coefficient in a tubular heat exchanger under co-current and counter-current flow conditions. Hot water flows through the inner tube as the heating fluid while city water flows through the outer tube as the product to be heated. Temperatures are measured at multiple points under varying flow rates in both flow configurations. Calculations are made to determine the energy transferred, logarithmic mean temperature difference, and overall heat transfer coefficient. Modifications to enhance the heat transfer coefficient in such a heat exchanger are also discussed.

Uploaded by

abdel
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Name:

Principles of Food and Bioprocess Engineering (FS 231)


Heat Exchangers and Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient (Laboratory # 6)
Objective
Determine the overall heat transfer coefficient in a tubular heat exchanger under co-current and
counter-current flow conditions
Apparatus
Armfield HT31 tubular heat exchanger setup with thermocouples, flowmeters, and a data
acquisition system
Products
Hot fluid: Water (recirculating); Cold fluid: City water (single pass – run to drain)

Procedure
1. Connect the heat exchanger system such that the heat exchanger operates in a co-current mode
2. Connect the outlet of the product (cold city water) line to the drain
3. Turn on the product (cold city water) line & adjust the flow rate to the desired value
(~1-3 liters per min OR 1-3 lpm); Note: 1 liter = 10-3 m3
4. Set the hot water flow rate to the desired value (~1-3 liters per min OR 1-3 lpm)
5. Adjust the temperature of the hot water at the inlet to the desired value (~50 /C)
6. Wait for the system to reach steady state conditions and note down the temperatures of the
product (cold city water) and heating medium (hot water) at 3 locations within the heat
exchanger
7. Repeat the above steps for another flow rate of product
8. Perform a similar set of experiments for the system in a counter-current flow arrangement by
switching the inlet and outlet connections for the product (cold city water)
Note: In both the co-current and counter-current modes, hot water flows in the inner tube and the
product/cold-water (to be heated) flows in the outer tube

Data and Analysis


Length of tube of heat exchanger = 0.660 m
I.D. of inner tube (stainless steel) of heat exchanger = 8.3 mm = m
O.D. of inner tube (stainless steel) of heat exchanger = 9.5 mm = m
I.D. of outer tube (acrylic) of heat exchanger = 12 mm = m
O.D. of outer tube (acrylic) of heat exchanger = 18 mm = m

Laboratory Report
1. Determine the logarithmic mean area (Alm) to be used in the computations involving U.
2. Show the calculations involved in determining the following for each of the 4 experiments:
a. Energy gained by the cold fluid (Q1)
b. Energy lost by hot fluid (Q2)
c. Logarithmic mean temperature difference ()Tlm)
d. Overall heat transfer coefficient (U) -- use the average of Q1 and Q2 in this computation
3. In an existing double tube heat exchanger (in a co-current configuration) of given dimensions,
what parameter(s) can be modified (specify if the parameter(s) should be increased or
decreased) to enhance U?

Note: Determine all properties (density & specific heat) at the average temperature of each fluid
Data Sheet
Co-Current Mode
Experiment #1 Experiment #2
Cold prod. flow rate = lpm Cold prod. flow rate = lpm
Hot water flow rate = lpm Hot water flow rate = lpm
Inlet temp. of hot water: T1 (/C)

Intermediate temp. of hot water: T2 (/C)

Exit temp. of hot water: T3 (/C)

Inlet temp. of cold product: T4 (/C)

Intermediate temp. of cold product: T5 (/C)

Exit temp. of cold product: T6 (/C)

Vol. flow rate of cold product (m3/s)


Vol. flow rate of hot water (m3/s)
Avg. temp. of cold product (/C)
Avg. temp. of hot water (/C)
Density of cold product (kg/m3)
Density of hot water (kg/m3)
Mass flow rate of cold product (kg/s)
Mass flow rate of hot water (kg/s)
Specific heat of cold product (J/kg K)
Specific heat of hot water (J/kg K)
Energy gained by cold product: Q1 (W)
Energy lost by hot water: Q2 (W)
Energy transferred (Q): (Q1 + Q2)/2 (W)
Logarithmic mean area: Alm (m2)
[Alm = (Ao - Ai)/ln(Ao/Ai)]
Logarithmic mean temp. diff.: DTlm (/C)
[DTlm = (DT1 - DT2)/ln(DT1/DT2)]
Overall heat transfer coeff.: U (W/m2 K)
[U = Q/(Alm DTlm)]

Set-point temperature of hot water = /C Ambient air temperature = /C


Counter-Current Mode

Experiment #3 Experiment #4
Cold prod. flow rate = lpm Cold prod. flow rate = lpm
Hot water flow rate = lpm Hot water flow rate = lpm
Inlet temp. of hot water: T1 (/C)

Intermediate temp. of hot water: T2 (/C)

Exit temp. of hot water: T3 (/C)

Inlet temp. of cold product: T6 (/C)

Intermediate temp. of cold product: T5 (/C)

Exit temp. of cold product: T4 (/C)

Vol. flow rate of cold product (m3/s)


Vol. flow rate of hot water (m3/s)
Avg. temp. of cold product (/C)
Avg. temp. of hot water (/C)
Density of cold product (kg/m3)
Density of hot water (kg/m3)
Mass flow rate of cold product (kg/s)
Mass flow rate of hot water (kg/s)
Specific heat of cold product (J/kg K)
Specific heat of hot water (J/kg K)
Energy gained by cold product: Q1 (W)
Energy lost by hot water: Q2 (W)
Energy transferred (Q): (Q1 + Q2)/2 (W)
Logarithmic mean area: Alm (m2)
[Alm = (Ao - Ai)/ln(Ao/Ai)]
Logarithmic mean temp. diff.: DTlm (/C)
[DTlm = (DT1 - DT2)/ln(DT1/DT2)]
Overall heat transfer coeff.: U (W/m2 K)
[U = Q/(Alm DTlm)]

Set-point temperature of hot water = /C Ambient air temperature = /C


Experimental Setup

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