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Transformer Cooling

Transformers produce heat during operation that must be dissipated to ensure proper functioning. There are two main methods to cool transformers: using air or oil. Dry type transformers use air cooling through natural or forced circulation, while oil immersed transformers use various oil cooling methods, including natural circulation, forced circulation through radiators or heat exchangers, and even using water in some cases. The cooling method is designated by codes indicating the coolant medium and type of circulation to effectively transfer heat away from transformer windings and cores.

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Sahil Dadwal
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148 views21 pages

Transformer Cooling

Transformers produce heat during operation that must be dissipated to ensure proper functioning. There are two main methods to cool transformers: using air or oil. Dry type transformers use air cooling through natural or forced circulation, while oil immersed transformers use various oil cooling methods, including natural circulation, forced circulation through radiators or heat exchangers, and even using water in some cases. The cooling method is designated by codes indicating the coolant medium and type of circulation to effectively transfer heat away from transformer windings and cores.

Uploaded by

Sahil Dadwal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Transformer Cooling

Arvind Sharma
https://drive.google.com/open?id=1rtawdNcVbpkwvnrZitZ5QFU9KKxNwArl

P-357(389)
Basic
Transformers transfers electrical power from one of its circuit to another while
changing its voltage levels.

In this process heat is produced inside windings and cores.

This heat need to be dissipated for better functioning of the equipment.

It is done with help of following fluids (Coolants):

Oil

Air
● T/f classification on the basis of coolant used:
○ Dry type
○ Oil Immersed type

● Methods used for t/f cooling are classified on the basis of:
○ Medium of coolant used
○ Type of circulation used

● Medium:
○ Air -A
○ Gas- G
○ Synthetic Oil - L
○ Mineral Oil -O
○ Solid Insulation- S
○ Water -W

● Circulation:
○ Natural -N
○ Forced -F
Two Ways of Cooling
Heat absorbed by coolant from windings and cores and transferred to t/f walls
from where it is dissipated.

Some of the Heart absorbed by coolant is dissipated through t/f walls and other by
the coolant circulating through heat exchanger
Order of letters to designate method of cooling
● 1st case (Without Heat Exchangers)
○ The medium in contact with winding
○ The circulation of coolant in contact with winding.
● 2nd Case with Heat Exchangers
○ The medium in contact with windings
○ The circulation of the medium in contact with windings.
○ The medium used in external heat exchangers.
○ The mode of circulation of coolant in external heat exchangers
Methods used in Dry type Transformers:
Air Natural:
Air is the medium to exchange heat using natural circulation.
Upto 1.5 MVA if insulators are better (i.e. class C eg. glass silica resins (can
work upto 150 ℃.
AIr Blast:
Blast of air circulation used, through cores and windings using ventilation
ducts.
Helps in reducing t/f size.
Methods used in Oil Immersed T/f
1. Oil Natural:
i. Oil Better conductor of heat than air
ii. Has high volume coefficient of temp expansion so creates natural circulation
1. The oil near winding gets heated and moves up and its place is taken by cool oil
from bottom. It dissipates its heat through tank walls, gets coller and falls to
bottom, the process continues.
a. Oil Natural Air Natural:
iii. For Large t/f ‘s radiator tanks with fins are provided
iv. Oil is circulated on the basis of natural thermal head, the oil when moves through fins
dissipated hear through natural circulation.
b. Oil Natural Air Forced:
Air blast created from fan is used to cool oil in the radiator banks.

C. Oil Natural Water Forced:


Copper coils are mounted on top of core but below surface of oil.
Water is made to run through them to take away the heat.
Method preferred when the natural source of water present.
Serious disadvantage as any water leakage can cause loss of oil dielectric
strength.
Oil Forced
Oil forced

Oil is taken out from top of conservator tank with the help of motor, made to
run through radiator or heat exchanger and inserted back from the bottom of the
transformer.

a. Oil forced air natural:


i. Oil is taken out of the tf with the help of a pump and then cooled with the help of natural
circulation in a heat exchanger.
Oil forced Air Forced:

The oil forced out with the help of pump is cooled in radiator or heat
exchanger with the help of air blast.

Oil Forced Water Forced:

Water is used to exchange heat from oil in the heat exchanger. The water
pressure kept higher than oil so in case leakage is there it is from oil to water.

Such cooling preferred in hydro power station t/f.


Natural cooling : upto 10 MVA

Oil forced Air forced cooling: 30 MVA upwards.


Transformer tank
Made of rolled steel designed in the form of a container.

Should reduce stray losses (i.e. less magnetic field permeability), light , but
contrary should be strong to prevent damage during lifting and jerking.

Aluminium material tanks and also coming are light have low stray losses but not
that strong compared to steel.

If steel tank used in high leakage flux scenario, then electromagnetic screens or
shunts used to reduce eddy current loss.
Cooling Ducts
Large transformers, transformer area must be augmented/increase to increase
size of cooling ducts.

Two types:
Horizontal
Vertical
Baffles are provided to allow flow through horizontal ducts also which will not
otherwise.

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