VIGNAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

UNIT-I: ELECTROSTATICS
Q.NO DESCRIPTION OF QUESTION Marks CO PO BTL

1. a) State Coulomb’s law? 2M 1 3 1

b) Write the expression for Coulombs law in vector form and 3M 1 4 4
explain the terms
c) Point charges Q1 and Q2 are respectively located at (4, 0, -3) 10M 1 5 3
and (2, 0, 1). if Q1=4nC find another point charge when i)
Electric field intensity on a charge at a point (5, 0, 6) has no z-
component. ii) Force on a charge at a point (5,0,6) has no x-
component.
2. a) Define electric flux and give the relation between electric 2M 1 11 1
field intensity and electric flux density?
b) Write 2 Maxwell’s equations for static Electric fields 3M 1 12 2
c) Obtain an expression for electric field intensity due to infinite 10M 1 10 3
surface charge sheet
3. a) Define Electric Potential? Give the relation between V and E? 2M 1 3 1
b) Define convection, conduction and displacement currents 3M 1 11 1
c) Define electric field strength and derive an expression for 10M 1 5 1
electric field intensity due to infinite line charge located along
z-axis from -∞ to ∞.
4. a) Give the expressions for continuity equation and relaxation 2M 1 12 3
time.
b) Give the expression for energy due to point Q in electric field 3M 1 4 4
and energy density for electrostatic fields?
c) State and prove ‘Gauss’s law’ in electrostatics. 5M 1 10 1
d) Derive the two Maxwell’s equations in electrostatics 5M 1 5 4
5. a) Write Poission’s and Laplace equations? 2M 1 11 5
b) List the applications of Gauss law? 3M 1 4 1
c) Define capacitance & derive expression for the same of 5M 1 12 1
parallel plate capacitor?
d) A parallel plate capacitor consists of two square metal plates 5M 1 3 4
with 500mm side & separated 10mm. A slab of sulphur (εr =4)
6mm thick is placed on the lower plate & air gap of 4mm.
Find the capacitance of capacitor?
6. a) Define polarization? And write its expression 2M 1 3 2

b) Write boundary conditions for conducting media 3M 1 4 5

c) Derive the boundary conditions for the tangential and normal 10M 1 5 2
components of Electrostatic fields at the boundary between i)
Conductor-Conductor ii) Conductor-Dielectric
Objective Questions:-
1. Force of attraction or repulsion between two point charges is given by [ ]
a) Gauss’s Law b) Ampere’s Law c) Coulomb’s Law d) Divergence Theorem
2. Potential difference between any two points is also written as [ ]
a) W/Q b) Va.Edl c)  E.dl d) Both a&c

3. Identify the scalar among the following [ ]

a) Force b) Electric field intensity c) Electric flux density d) Potential
4.Four point charges of same magnitude Q are placed at four corners of a square. If the two
charges on the left side of the square are positive and on the right side are negative, the net
force on a point charge placed at the centre of the square is [ ]
(a) Zero (b) 2E0 (c) 4E0 (d) 2√2E0
5. Value of proportionality constant of Coulomb’ slaw is [ ]
(a) 9×10-9F/m (b) 9×109m/F
(c) 136p×109m/F (d) 8.854×1012F/m
6. Magnitude of Coulomb’s force between two point charges of 1Coulmb each, separated by 1m
in free space is [ ]
(a) 9×10-9N (b) 136p×109 N (c)9×109N (d)8.854×10-12N

7. A capacitor and resistor are connected in a series with a batter and a switch. The instant after
the switch is closed [ ]
(a) the voltage across the resistor is equal to the emf of the battery
(b)the voltage across the capacitor is equal to the emf of the battery
(c) the voltage across the resistor is equal to zero
(d)the current is equal to zero
8. Relaxation time of a dielectric material is given by [ ]
(a) € /ρ (b) €/σ (c) ρ/€ (d) σ/€

9.The amount of work done W in moving a point charge ‘Q’ to a point ‘P’ where the potential is ‘V’
is given by [ ]
(a) (Q.V)/2 (b) Q.V (c) Q.V2 (d) 12Q.V2
10. The dielectric strength of a material is defined as [ ]
(a) The maximum Electric field (b) The maximum energy
(c)The permittivity of the dielectric material
(d)The amount of energy a dielectric can store with in itself
Fill in the blanks:-
 1. The sum of electric lines of force is defined as –––––––––––––
2. The force on a stationary charge Q is F the electric field intensity E is –––––––––––
3. The proper application of divergence concept on coulomb’s law results –––––––––––
4. The electric potential at infinite distance is always –––––––––––
5.–––––––––is defined as the surface over which magnitude of E is uniform and its direction is
always normal.
6. Stokes theorem is used to convert ––––––––––––– to –––––––––––––––––
7.–––––––––––is defined as the net dipole moment per unit volume in dielectric materials.
8. The capacitance of parallel plate capacitor is given by–––––––––––––––
9. The condition that the electrostatic field is conservative is –––––––––––––––––
10. The energy stored in a capacitor is given by–––––––––––––––

Answers:

Objective choice

1. c 2. c 3. d 4. b 5. b 6. c 7. a 8. b 9. b 10. c

Fill in the blanks

1. Electric flux 2.F/Q 3.Gauss’s law 4.Zero 5.Gaissian surface

6. Line integral, Surface integral 7. Polarization 8.C= εS/d 9. xE=0 10.CV2/2

UNIT-II: MAGNETOSTATICS
Q.NO DESCRIPTION OF QUESTION Marks CO PO BTL

1. a) Define magnetic flux and flux density 2M 2 5 1

b) Is magneto static field being conservative? Explain. 3M 2 10 3
c) State Biot-savart’s law and derive an expression for H of 10M 2 4 1
infinitely long straight conductor with line current placed along
z-axis?
2. a) Write the Maxwell equation for magneto static fields? 2M 2 3 4
b) Define inductance? What’s the energy stored in an inductor? 3M 2 12 1
c) State and prove Ampere’s circuital law? 10M 2 11 1
3. a) Define magnetic vector potential and magnetic scalar 2M 2 3 1
potential?
 b) A solenoid has 400turns with a length of 2m. It has a circular 3M 2 4 5
cross-section
Of 0.1 m. find its inductance.
c) Derive an expression for H in case of Solonoid and Toroid 10M 2 5 3
using Amperes circuit law?
4. a) State Faraday’s law? 2M 2 10 2
b) Write 4 Maxwell’s equations for time varying EM fields 3M 2 11 4
c) What is the inconsistency in Ampere’s Law? How it is rectified 10M 2 3 2
by Maxwell?
5. a) Define displacement current density. 2M 2 12 1
b) Derive an expression for Law of Refraction 3M 2 4 4
c) Derive the boundary conditions between two dielectrics? 10M 2 5 4
6. a) Write the expression for Lorentz force equation. 2M 2 12 4
b) Derive stokes theorem 3M 2 11 4
c) Verify whether the fields E=10sin×sintay and H=10μ cos×costaz 10M 2 3 3
satisfy the Maxwell’s equations

Objective Questions:-

1. Vector Magnetic Potential has units of [ ]

(a)Amperes (b) Weber/meter (c) Ampere/meter (d) Weber
2. Lorentz force equation describes an expression for force [ ]
(a) On a moving charge with a velocity v in a magnetic field
(b) On a moving charge in electric and magnetic fields
(c) On a stationary or moving electric charge in an electric field
(d) On a current element Idl in a magnetic field
3. Identify an example of conducton current [ ]
(a) Current flowing in copper rod (b) electron beam in a TV tube
(c) Current flowing in vacuum (d) current through inert gases
4. Identify the incorrect statement [ ]
(a)Magnetic force between two current elements is equal to the field produced by Biot-
Savartslaw
(b)Between two current elements, the force is dependent on the magnetic field based on
Biot-Savart's law.
(c)Force between two current carrying conductors is not given by Lorentz's Force
equation.
(d)Force on a current carrying conductor is dependent on the magnetic field in which it is
placed.

5. Inductance of coil [ ]
 (a)Induces a reverse voltage to oppose the flow of current due to an applied voltage
(b)Increases the flow of current when a reverse voltage is applied across it
(c)Is directly proportional to the current producing magnetic flux
(d)Is inversely proportional to the magnetic flux produced
6. Lorentz force equation is given by [ ]
(a)F=e(E+v×B) (b)F=IL×B (c)F=ev×B (d)F=e
7. Value of permeability of free space is [ ]
(a)4π×10 H/m
-7
(b)136π×10 H/m
7
(c)4π×10 H/m
7
(d)36π×10 H/m
7

8. Normal component of B is continuous at [ ]

(a)Any discontinuity (b) Dielectric-Dielectric interface only
(c)Conductor-conductor interface only (d) Dielectric-Conductor interface only

9. Ampere’s Circuital Law is analogous to __________ Law in electrostatics. [ ]

(a) Lenz’s (b) Gauss’s (c) Biot–Savart’s (d) Faraday’s
.
10. Due to inconsistency of Ampere’s circuital law, the law changed as [ ]
a)xH=J+Jd b)xH=J- Jd c).H=J+ Jd d)none
Fill in the blanks:-
1. Units of magnetic field intensity are––––––––––––
2. Magnetic energy stored in an inductor (L) carrying current (I) and placed in a magnetic field
of intensity H is given by ––––––––––––––––––
3. If the magnetic field H=10axA/m, the flux density in free space is–––––––––––
4. __________ gradient of magnetic scalar potential gives magnetic field intensity.
5. Ampere’s Circuital Law can be applied __________ the conductor
6. In magntostatics .B=0 is also called as–––––––––––

d
7. Vemf=  is given by–––––––––––
dt
8. The magnitude of the E at the dielectric-conductor interface––––––––––––
9. Magnetic field Intensity due to Toroid is H= –––––––––––––––
10. Inductance of solenoid is given by–––––––––––––––––
Answers:
Objective choice

1. b 2. b 3. a 4. c 5. a 6. a 7. a 8. b 9. b 10. a

Fill in the blanks

 1. Ampere/meter; N/Wb 2. LI2/2 3.40πx10-7 ax T 4.Negative 5. Outside

6. Gauss’s law of magntostatics 7. Faraday’s law 8.Zero 9.NI/2πρ 10.L=µ N2S/l

UNIT-III: EM WAVE CHARACTERISTICS

Q.NO DESCRIPTION OF QUESTION Marks CO PO BTL

1. a) What is uniform plane wave? 2M 3 3 5

b) Write the equation of intrinsic impedance in both free space and 3M 3 4 3
in any medium?
c) Obtain wave equations for perfect dielectric? 5M 3 5 3
d) A 10 GHz plane wave travelling in a free space has an 5M 3 11 4
amplitude of E as Ex = 10 V/m. Find β, η, v, λ?
2. a) What is Brewster angle? 2M 3 12 4
b) Write the wave equation for D and B in the uniform medium? 3M 3 10 3
c) What is the meant by polarization of wave? When the wave is 10M 3 3 4
linearly polarized and circularly polarized?
3. a) Define Surface impedance? 2M 3 11 1
b) Write the wave equation for E and H in the uniform medium? 3M 3 5 3
c) Explain skin depth and derive expression for depth of 5M 3 12 2
penetration for good conductor?
d) Find the skin depth and surface resistance of an aluminum at 5M 3 4 3
100MHz having conductivity σ = 5.8x107 mho/m, µr = 100.
4. a) What is Critical angle 2M 3 10 3
b) State Poynting theorem? 3M 3 5 2
c) Derive expression for intrinsic impedance in a uniform plane 10M 3 11 3
wave in a lossy dielectric?
5. a) Define phase velocity and also write its expression? 2M 3 4 1
b) What is total internal reflection? Explain 3M 3 12 2
c) What is uniform plane wave and obtain wave equations for 10M 3 2
good conductors?
6. a) What is meant by transverse electromagnetic wave 2M 3 5 2
b) Recall the equations of γ, α , and ‘v’ for the wave propagating 3M 3 11 3
through perfect dielectric?
c) Explain parallel polarization of wave in perfect conductors with 10M 3 10 4
oblique incidence
Objective Questions:
1. Electric and magnetic fields are related by the following equation [ ]

E E  E  
a)   b)  c)  d) E.H=
H H  H  


2. Identify the region that satisfies the equation <<1 `[ ]

a) Conductor b) Dielectric c) Both a&b d) none

3. Surface impedance is defined by [ ]

E tan Js
J
a) S b) E tan . J s
E
c) Tan d) none

4. The electric field with in a conductor is [ ]

a) Infinity b) Zero c) Unity d) Equal to surface current

5. The intrinsic impedance of the medium whose σ = 0, 𝜀 r = 9, μr = 1 is [ ]

a) 40πΩ b) 9Ω c) 120πΩ d) 60πΩ

6. An obliquely incidence, uniform plane wave is incident _______________ at the boundary
between two media. [ ]

a) Normally b) obliquely c) both a&b d)none of the above

7. Transmission coefficient is the ratio of _________and_____________fields.
a) incident, transmitted b) incident, received
C) Received, incident d) transmitted, incident
8. In _______________polarization electric field vector of transverse EM wave lies along a
straight line. [ ]
a) Circular b) elliptical c) linear d) square
9. When the uniform plane wave in incident with critical angle, the refracted angle is
____________
a) 900 b)1800 c)1200 d)300
10. Total internal reflection occurs at ________. [ ]

a) θ i= θc b) θ i>θc c) θ i< θc d) θ i/θc

 FILL IN THE BLANKS
1. ____________ is the orientation of electric field with respect to time in the direction of
propagation

2. Brewster angle is given by_____________

3. Reflection coefficient is the ratio of ___________ and____________ fields.

4. Depth of penetration is also known as____________

5. Poynting vector is _____________

6. when an EM wave is incident on a perfect conductor normally, ------------------are

produced.
7. When the electric field vector is parallel to plane of incidence, then the wave is said to be
___________________polarized wave.
8. Snell’s law =________________
9. The reflection coefficient for electric field of normally incident wave on perfect
conductor____________
10. Horizontal polarization is said to be -----------polarization

Answers:
1. c 2.b 3.a 4.b 5.a or c 6.b 7.d 8.c 9.a 10.b

𝜀2
1. Polarization 2. θ B= tan-1√ 3. Reflected, incident 4. Skin depth 5. 𝑃̅=𝐸̅ X𝐻
̅
𝜀1
sin θ1 𝜀2 9.𝐸𝑟 = -1 10. perpendicular
6. Reflected waves 7.vertical or parallel 8. =√
sin θ2 𝜀1 𝐸𝑖

UNIT-IV: TRANSMISSION LINES-I

Q.NO DESCRIPTION OF QUESTION Marks CO PO BTL

1. a) Draw the equivalent circuit of the transmission line? 2M 4 5 3

b) Define transmission line? What are the different types of 3M 4 10 1
transmission lines?
c) Derive the transmission line equations for V and I, in terms of 10M 4 4 4
the source parameters?
2. a) Define intrinsic impedance or characteristic impedance of free 2M 4 3 1
space
b) What are the different types of distortions in a transmission 3M 4 12 3
line and What’s the condition for distortion less transmission?
c) Draw the equivalent circuit of infinite line and show that its 10M 4 11 2
input impedance is equal to the characteristic impedance?
3. a) Define wave length and phase velocity. 2M 4 3 1
 b) What is a distortion less transmission line? Is every loss less 3M 4 4 2
line is a distortion less line? Justify
c) Derive the expression for loss less transmission line? 10M 4 5 3
4. a) Define group velocity and what is the value of characteristic 2M 4 10 1
impedance of free space?
b) Calculate the characteristic impedance of a quarter wave 3M 4 11 4
transformer if a 120-ohm load is to be matched to a 75ohm
line.
c) Derive the Propagation constant P from the general equations 5M 4 3 3
of Voltage and current?
d) At 8 MHz the characteristic impedance of transmission line is 5M 4 12 4
(40- j2) Ω and the propagation constant is (0.01+j0.18) per
meter. Find the primary constants. [
45. a) Write secondary constants in terms of primary constants? 2M 4 4 2
b) What is the condition of loading in transmission lines? What 3M 4 5 2
are the different types of loadings?
c) A telephone wire 20 km long has the following constants per 10M 4 10 6
loop km resistance 90 , capacitance 0.062 μF, inductance
0.001H and leakage = 1.5 x 10−6mhos. The line is terminated
in its characteristic impedance and a potential difference of
2.1 V having a frequency of 1000 Hz is applied at the sending
end. Calculate i. The characteristic impedance ii.
Wavelength iii. The velocity of propagation.
6. a) Define distortion and attenuation 2M 4 11 3
b) Discuss about the minimum attenuation condition. 3M 4 4 4
c) A generator of 1V, 1 KHz supplies power to a 100 km long line 10M 4 5 6
terminated in Zo and having the following constants, R = 10.4Ω/km,
L = 0.00367 H/km, G= 0.8x10-6 mho/km and C = 0.00835x10-6
F/km. Calculate Zo , attenuation constant α , phase constant β,
wavelength λ and velocity V.

Objective Questions:

1. A transmission line is distortion less if [ ]

a) RL= 1/GC b) RL = GC c) LG = RC d) RG = LC

2. The input impedance of an infinite length transmission line is_______ [ ]

a) Characteristic impedance b) line impedance
c) Image impedance d) matching impedance

3. The velocity at which the envelope of the complex wave propagates along the line is
called___________ [ ]
a) Group velocity b) phase velocity
c) Complex velocity d) guide velocity
 4. Various frequency components of a signal undergoing different attenuations is called
a) Frequency distortion b) delay distortion
c) Both a&b d) none of these

5. A transmission line operating at 1GHz has L=1micro henry/m, C=1pF/m,R=G=0.Then

its characteristic admittance is [ ]

(a)10mhos (b)0.001mhos (c)0.1mhos (d)0.01mhos

6. The unit for attenuation constant is [ ]

a)dB/m b)Radian/m c)Volt/m d)Amp./m

7. Which of the following parameters is not a primary parameter? [ ]

a) Resistance b) Attenuation constant c) Capacitance d) Conductance

8. The propagation constant of a transmission line with impedance and admittance of 9 and
16 respectively is [ ]

a) 25 b) 144 c) 12 d) 7

9. The type of loading employing sections of continuously loaded cable separated by

sections of unloaded cable is called__ [ ]

a) Patch loading b) lumped loading c) continuous loading d) none of these

10. Hysteresis and eddy current losses in loading coils lead to [ ]

(a)Decrease in R (b) Decrease in L (c) Increase in R (d) Increase in L

FILL IN THE BLANKS

1. In a transmission line , inserting inductance in series with the line is termed

as__________
2. The units for phase constant________________
3. The conditions for loss less transmission line are______________
4. The secondary constants of transmission line are______________
5. At very high frequency , the line parameters LC=__________
6. 1 neper =____________dB
7. The propagation constant for transmission line 𝛾 = ____________________
8. For distortion less transmission line, the characteristic impedance Z0=___________
9. Phase velocity of a transmission line=_____________
10. The transmission line equations=_____________________

ANSWERS
 1. c 2.a 3.a 4.a 5.b 6.a 7.b 8.c 9.c 10.c

1. Loading 2.rad/m or rad/km 3.R=G=0

4.propagation constant (𝛾), characteristic impedance (Z0) 5.𝜇𝜖 6. 8.68

7. 𝛾 = √(𝑅 + 𝑗𝜔𝐿)(𝐺 + 𝑗𝜔𝐶) Or √𝑍𝑌 8. Z0=√𝐿/𝐶

9. VP= 𝜔/𝛽 10.V=VScosh 𝛾𝑙 − 𝐼𝑠 Z0 sinh𝛾𝑙, I= 𝐼𝑠cosh 𝛾𝑙 −VS/ Z0 sinh𝛾𝑙

UNIT-V: TRANSMISSION LINES-II

Q.NO DESCRIPTION OF QUESTION Marks CO PO BTL

1. a) Define VSWR. What is its significance? 2M 5 5 1

b) Define reflection coefficient and VSWR, what is the 3M 5 10 1
relationship between them?
c) A 100 loss less line connects a signal of 100 KHz to a load of 10M 5 4 4
140. The load power is 100mW. Calculate i. Voltage Reflection
coefficient ii. VSWR
2. a) What’s the relationship between the short-circuited impedance, 2M 5 3 3
open circuited impedance and characteristic impedance?
b) What is matched transmission line. Why is matching of load 3M 5 12 3
impedance is needed
c) Find the characteristic impedance of a line at 1600Hz if the 10M 5 11 6
following measurements have made on the line at 1600 Hz, Zoc
=750Ω and Zsc= 500Ω.
3. a) What is meant by stub matching? 2M 5 3 2
b) A loss less line of 300Ω characteristic impedance is terminated 3M 5 4 6
in a pure resistance of 200Ω. Find the value of standing wave
ratio.
c) Explain the significance and design of single stub impedance 10M 5 5 3
matching. Discuss the factors on which length depends?
4. a) List the applications of smith chart? 2M 5 10 1
b) What is a standing wave and how it is produced? 3M 5 11 2
c) Explain the significance and utility of λ/8,λ/4 and λ/2 line? 10M 5 3 2
5. a) Differentiate between matched and unmatched transmission 2M 5 12 4
line.
b) Differentiate between single stub and double stub matching. 3M 5 4 4
c) A transmission line of length 0.4λ has a characteristic 10M 5 5 6
impedance of 100 and is terminated by a
load impedance of 200+j180 ohm, by using smith chart find
 i. voltage reflection coefficient ii. VSWR iii. Input
impedance of the line
6. a) Define short circuited and open circuited line 2M 5 4 1
b) Derive the expression for input impedance of short circuited 3M 5 3 2
line
c) Explain the principle of impedance matching with quarter wave 5M 5 12 2
transformer
d) Calculate the characteristic impedance of a quarter wave transformer 5M 5 11 4
if a 120 ohm load is to be matched to a 75ohm line?

Objective questions

1. For a properly terminated line [ ]

a) ZR=ZO b) ZR > ZO c) ZR < ZO d) ZR =Z0 = 0.

2. The VSWR can have any value between [ ]
a) 0 and 1 b)-1 and +1 c) 0 and ∞ d) 1 and∞

3. In case of open circuit transmission lines the reflection coefficient is [ ]

a) 1 b) 0.5 c) -1 d) Zero
4. In case the characteristic impedance of the line is equal to the load impedance [ ]
a) All the energy will pass to the earth b) All the energy will be lost in transmission losses
c) The system will resonate badly d) All the energy sent will be absorbed by the load.
5. The ratio of reflected current to the incident current is known as__ [ ]
a) VSWR b) reflection coefficient c) reflection loss d) none of the above
6. for a quarter wave transformer 𝛽𝑙 =
a)𝜋/2 b) 𝜋/4 c) 𝜋 d) 𝜋/3
7. Smith chart consists of _________
a)R circles b)X circles c)Both a&b d)none of the above
8. Given that the reflection coefficient is 0.6. Find the SWR.
a)2 b)4 c)6 d)8
9. For matched line, the standing wave ratio will be
a)0 b)∞ c)-1 d)1
10. The open circuit impedance of the transmission line is given by
a)ZOC = j Zo tan βl b) ZOC = – j Zo tan βl
c)ZOC = j Zo cot βl d) ZOC = -j Zo cot βl
Fill in the blanks:
1. ____________length line acts as impedance inverter.

2. In a standing wave Vmax=___________

3. The reflection coefficient in terms of impedances K=_________________

4. Smith chart can be used as ____________and ____________charts.

5. The characteristic impedance of half wave length transmission line Z0=______

6. At ultra high frequency the transmission line becomes_______

7. An SC line of length 𝜆/2 can be used as ____________circuit element

8. An OC line of length 𝜆/2 can be used as ____________circuit element

9. In single stub matching condition for no reflection_____________

10. Characteristic impedance in free space is known as _______________impedance.

ANSWERS
1. a 2.c 3.a 4.d 5. b 6.a 7.c 8.b 9.d 10.d
1.𝜆/4 2.VMAX= Vi+Vr 3.K= (ZR-Z0)/ (ZR+ Z0)
4. Impedance, admittance 5. Z0= ZR 6. Lossless
7. series resonant LC 8. Parallel resonant LC 9.ZR= Z0 or Y0=YR
10.Intrinsic