2020

SOUTH AUSTRALIAN
CROP SOWING GUIDE SOUTH AUSTRALIA
DECEMBER 2019

ARE YOU GROWING THE BEST

VARIETY FOR YOUR SITUATION?
Title: 2020 South Australian Crop Sowing
Guide

ISSN: 2
 652-3582 (online)
2652-3574 (print)

Published:
December 2019
Copyright:
© 2020 Grains Research and Development
Corporation.
All rights reserved.

This book is copyright. Except as permitted

under the Australian Copyright Act 1968
(Commonwealth) and subsequent amendments,
no part of this publication may be reproduced,
stored or transmitted in any form or by any means, COVER: Early season crop check at Wharminda NVT site.
electronic or otherwise, without the specific written PHOTO: Sarah Day, SARDI Crop Sciences, Clare
permission of the copyright owner. DISCLAIMER: This publication has been prepared in good faith by the
contributors on the basis of information available at the date of publication
without any independent verification. The Grains Research and Development
GRDC contact details: Corporation does not guarantee or warrant the accuracy, reliability,
completeness of currency of the information in this publication nor its
Ms Maureen Cribb usefulness in achieving any purpose. Readers are responsible for assessing
Integrated Publications Manager the relevance and accuracy of the content of this publication. The Grains
PO Box 5367 Research and Development Corporation will not be liable for any loss,
KINGSTON ACT 2604 damage, cost or expense incurred or arising by reason of any person using
or relying on the information in this publication. Products may be identified by
Email: proprietary or trade names to help readers identify particular types of products
but this is not, and is not intended to be, an endorsement or recommendation
Maureen.Cribb@grdc.com.au of any product or manufacturer referred to. Other products may perform as
well or better than those specifically referred to.
Design and production:
Coretext, www.coretext.com.au CAUTION: RESEARCH ON UNREGISTERED AGRICULTURAL CHEMICAL USE.
Any research with unregistered agricultural chemicals or of unregistered
products reported in this document does not constitute a recommendation for
that particular use by the authors or the authors’ organisations. All pesticide
applications must accord with the currently registered label for that particular
pesticide, crop, pest and region.

2 2020 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRO
This guide can be downloaded to your computer or tablet at:
www.grdc.com.au/NVT-south-australian-crop-sowing-guide

WHEAT
Remember to update it each November.
INTRODUCTION 5
WHEAT 7

BARLEY
BARLEY 25
CANOLA 35
FABA BEAN 45

CANOLA
LUPIN 53
OAT 57
VETCH 65

BEANS
LENTIL 71
CHICKPEA 79
FIELD PEA 85

LUPINS
NOTES 91

THE SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE

OATS
The South Australian Crop Sowing Guide outlines information on current varieties of the major winter crops
suitable to be grown in South Australia to assist growers in making decisions on variety selection for the
upcoming season.

VETCH
This edition of the SA Crop Sowing Guide has been compiled by officers within the South Australian
Research and Development Institute (SARDI).
It is proudly sponsored by the South Australian Grain Industry Trust in association with Primary Industries and
Regions SA and the Grains Research and Development Corporation.
LENTILS

The SARDI Crop Sciences Division officers acknowledge the sponsorship of this guide by the SA Grain
Industry Trust (SAGIT) and the Grains Research and Development Corporation (GRDC), the contributions
of agronomy and oat breeding and vetch breeding research staff in SA, as well as collaborators around
CHICKPEA

Australia in producing results published in this edition.

Editor: Phil Davies, SARDI, Crop Sciences
FIELD PEA
NOTES

2020 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE 3

 SAGIT
SAGIT

SA
SA grain
grain growers
growers funding
funding
research
research solutions
solutions
The
The South
South Australian
Australian Grain
Grain Industry
Industry Trust
Trust annually
annually invests
invests more
more than
than
$1.5 million to research and development projects across the industry,
$1.5 million to research and development projects across the industry,
from
from growing,
growing, farming
farming systems,
systems, soil
soil management,
management, nutrition,
nutrition, harvesting,
harvesting,
storage,
storage, processing and marketing and extension of information to
processing and marketing and extension of information to growers.
growers.

In 2019, SAGIT has invested in the following projects:

In 2019, SAGIT has invested in the following projects:
• 2019 Ag Excellence Forum & Awards, Ag urea fertiliser in wheat, CSIRO Agriculture and engagement in crop production, AgXtra
• 2019 Ag Excellence Forum & Awards, Ag urea fertiliser in wheat, CSIRO Agriculture and
Excellence Alliance Food • engagement in crop production, AgXtra
Publication of the 2020 Farm Gross Margin
• Excellence Alliance • Food • Publication of the 2020 Farm Gross Margin
A genetic, environmental and functional; Improved crop nutrition for disease Guide for SA, PIRSA Rural Solutions SA
• A genetic, environmental and functional; • Improved crop nutrition for disease
investigation of late maturity alpha-amylase management and reduced fungicide • Guide for SA, PIRSA Rural Solutions SA
Rapid development of innovative lentils for low
investigation of late maturity alpha-amylase management and reduced fungicide • Rapid development of innovative lentils for low
(LMA) and its implications for wheat breeding, dependency, SARDI rainfall regions, Global Grain Genetics
(LMA) and its implications for wheat breeding, dependency, SARDI
University of Adelaide • Improved phosphorus prescription maps - • rainfall regions, Global Grain Genetics
Regional internship in applied grains research,
University of Adelaide • Improved phosphorus prescription maps - • Regional internship in applied grains research,
• Agronomic and quality analysis of high protein beyond replacement P, Trengove Consulting Hart Field-Site Group
• Agronomic and quality analysis of high protein beyond replacement P, Trengove Consulting
malt barley in SA, SARDI • Improved soil water decisions across the S.E. • Hart Field-Site Group
Revealing the basis for head-loss in barley,
malt barley in SA, SARDI • Improved soil water decisions across the S.E. • Revealing the basis for head-loss in barley,
• Comparative effects of agricultural pesticides cropping region, Mackillop Farm Management University of Adelaide
• Comparative effects of agricultural pesticides cropping region, Mackillop Farm Management
on SA soil microbial functions, University of Group Inc • University of Adelaide
Rhizosphere 5 International Conference
on SA soil microbial functions, University of • Group Inc • Rhizosphere 5 International Conference
South Australia Improving monitoring and management of in Saskatoon Canada, University of South
South Australia • Improving monitoring and management of
• Conversations with farmers: Agricultural etiella in lentils, SARDI in Saskatoon Canada, University of South
• Conversations with farmers: Agricultural etiella in lentils, SARDI Australia
Practice change with the PA early adopters, • Improving productivity of oats, SARDI • Australia
Practice change with the PA early adopters, • Improving productivity of oats, SARDI SA Crop Variety Sowing Guide, SARDI
Society of Precision Agriculture Australia • Improving the early management of dry sown • SA Crop Variety Sowing Guide, SARDI
• • SA HRZ canola variable rate nitrogen
• Society of Precision Agriculture Australia Improving the early management of dry sown • SA HRZ canola variable rate nitrogen
Copper management for the future, LEADA cereal crops, SARDI prescription project, Elders Rural Services
• Copper management for the future, LEADA cereal crops, SARDI
• CSI: Crop Science Investigators, • Increasing reliability of lentil production on • prescription project, Elders Rural Services
• CSI: Crop Science Investigators, • Increasing reliability of lentil production on Saline field evaluation of a wheat population
AgCommunicators sandy soils, Trengove Consulting • Saline field evaluation of a wheat population
AgCommunicators sandy soils, Trengove Consulting identifying novel salinity tolerance, University of
• Deep ripping to enhance production on Mallee • Increasing the knowledge and understanding identifying novel salinity tolerance, University of
• Deep ripping to enhance production on Mallee • Increasing the knowledge and understanding Adelaide
sandy soils, Mallee Sustainable Farming of micronutrient deficiency in the Upper North, • Adelaide
sandy soils, Mallee Sustainable Farming of micronutrient deficiency in the Upper North, Seed priming to improve South Australian crop
• Developing new capability for research on Upper North Farming Systems • Seed priming to improve South Australian crop
• Developing new capability for research on Upper North Farming Systems germination, SANTFA
Rhizoctonia, SARDI • Investigating frost susceptibility in Clearfield germination, SANTFA
Rhizoctonia, SARDI • Investigating frost susceptibility in Clearfield • Soil water and temperature thresholds for early
• Development of a probe for continuous varieties treated with imidazolinone herbicide, • Soil water and temperature thresholds for early
• Development of a probe for continuous varieties treated with imidazolinone herbicide, wheat establishment, CSIRO
measurement of soil nitrate, University of Mallee Sustainable Farming wheat establishment, CSIRO
measurement of soil nitrate, University of Mallee Sustainable Farming • Spading header rows for grass control,
Adelaide • Long-term cropping systems trial, Hart Field- • Spading header rows for grass control,
• Adelaide • Long-term cropping systems trial, Hart Field- improved yields and soil protection, Insight
Development of dual purpose awnless wheat Site Group improved yields and soil protection, Insight
• Development of dual purpose awnless wheat • Site Group Extension for Agriculture
varieties for frost management, LongReach MacKillop Farm Management Group annual Extension for Agriculture
varieties for frost management, LongReach • MacKillop Farm Management Group annual • Strategies to enhance the value of on-farm
Plant Breeders trial results book, MacKillop Farm Management • Strategies to enhance the value of on-farm
• Plant Breeders trial results book, MacKillop Farm Management grain storage in South Australia, University of
Enhanced N-use efficiency in durum through Group grain storage in South Australia, University of
• Enhanced N-use efficiency in durum through Group South Australia
improved genetics, University of Adelaide • National Soil Judging Competition, Soil Science
improved genetics, University of Adelaide • National Soil Judging Competition, Soil Science • South Australia
• Establishing current levels of salt tolerance in Australia (SA) Strategies to enhance the value of on-farm
• • Strategies to enhance the value of on-farm
Establishing current levels of salt tolerance in • Australia (SA) grain storage in South Australia, CSIRO
Australian bread wheats, SARDI Novel Plant growth-promoting bacteria grain storage in South Australia, CSIRO
Australian bread wheats, SARDI • Novel Plant growth-promoting bacteria • Supporting premier PA events: Precision Ag
• Field testing of sodicity and salinity-tolerant oat from Australian soil biodiversity: evaluation,
• • Supporting premier PA events: Precision Ag
Field testing of sodicity and salinity-tolerant oat from Australian soil biodiversity: evaluation, EXPOS and Symposiums, SPAA
varieties, University of Adelaide understanding and application, University of
varieties, University of Adelaide understanding and application, University of • EXPOS and Symposiums, SPAA
• Grain research internships, SARDI Adelaide Survey potential emerging pulse root diseases,
• Grain research internships, SARDI Adelaide • Survey potential emerging pulse root diseases,
• Grower crop root health workshops, SARDI • Optimising P nutrition in pulses to maximise N SARDI
• Grower crop root health workshops, SARDI • Optimising P nutrition in pulses to maximise N • SARDI
• Herbicide residue effects on soil microbial fixation and yield, Agronomy Solutions Swathing for barley grass weed seed collection
• Herbicide residue effects on soil microbial fixation and yield, Agronomy Solutions • Swathing for barley grass weed seed collection
communities in alkaline soils, University of • Phenotypic evaluation of a wheat RIL and applying drone technology, SARDI
communities in alkaline soils, University of • Phenotypic evaluation of a wheat RIL • and applying drone technology, SARDI
Adelaide population for salinity tolerance, University of Uniform seed distribution along the row
Adelaide population for salinity tolerance, University of • Uniform seed distribution along the row
• Identifying nutrient requirements of lentils and Adelaide to increase yields and reduce seed costs,
• Identifying nutrient requirements of lentils and Adelaide to increase yields and reduce seed costs,
chickpeas grown in Mallee sands, Mallee • Profitable pulses for the Murray Plains, Murray Northern Sustainable Soils
chickpeas grown in Mallee sands, Mallee • Profitable pulses for the Murray Plains, Murray • Northern Sustainable Soils
Sustainable Farming Plains Farmers Upper North Barley time of sowing; frost / heat
Sustainable Farming Plains Farmers • Upper North Barley time of sowing; frost / heat
• Improved capture of native soil nitrogen and • Promoting secondary and tertiary student stress effects, Upper North Farming Systems
• Improved capture of native soil nitrogen and • Promoting secondary and tertiary student stress effects, Upper North Farming Systems

www.sagit.com.au
www.sagit.com.au /SAGITFund
/SAGITFund
@SAGrainTrust
@SAGrainTrust
bit.ly/SAGITYouTube
bit.ly/SAGITYouTube
5101
5101
INTRODUCTION

INTRO
NATIONAL VARIETY TRIALS (NVT) PLANT BREEDER’S RIGHTS (PBR)
The variety trial results presented in this book are Varieties subject to Plant Breeder’s Rights at the

WHEAT
sourced from the NVT program, the National Oat time of printing are annotated with the symbol A.
Breeding Program and the National Vetch Breeding It should be noted that ‘Unauthorised commercial
Program. propagation or any sale, conditioning, export,
import or stocking of propagation material of

BARLEY
NVT provide independent information on varieties
these varieties is an infringement under the Plant
for growers. The aim of each NVT is to document
Breeder’s Rights Act 1994. Intentional infringement
a ranking of new and widely adopted varieties in
of a PBR attracts a penalty of $85,000 for
terms of grain yield and to provide grain quality
individuals. The penalty for corporations is up to five

CANOLA
information relevant to delivery standards. NVT are
times greater.
also used by pathologists to determine disease
resistance ratings used in the Sowing Guide.
END POINT ROYALTIES (EPRS)
Conducted to a set of predetermined protocols,
EPRs payable for 2019-20 are quoted from

BEANS
variety trials are sown and managed as close as
www.varietycentral.com.au and are quoted ex GST.
possible to local best practice such as sowing time,
Compliance with EPR systems is vital to ensure the
fertiliser application, weed management and pest
future of the Australian grains industry through the
and disease control, including fungicide application.
funding of new varieties and long-term productivity

LUPINS
NVT are not designed to grow varieties to their
gains. EPRs for 2020-21 harvest will become
maximum yield potential.
available early in 2020 on the Variety Central
It is acknowledged that an ongoing project of this website.
type would not be possible without the cooperation

OATS
of growers prepared to contribute sites, and who
often assist with the management of trials on their
property.

VETCH
LENTILS
CHICKPEA
FIELD PEA
NOTES

2020 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE 5

INTRODUCTION

INTERPRETING LONG-TERM
YIELD DATA
The long-term yield data presented in the Sowing Guide The output used in this sowing guide presents the MET
is an output of NVT Long Term Multi Environment Trial data on a region-by-year basis across the five years
(MET) analysis. NVT run trials in all cropping regions of used in the MET dataset. The analysis, and subsequent
Australia (e.g. Lower Eyre Peninsula, Mid North, Murray reporting systems, have allowed NVT to bring together
Mallee etc) and use a five-year rolling dataset in the MET very large data sets and make more refined, relevant and
analysis. robust predictions about the relative performance of each
variety across different locations and seasons. Readers
Historically, NVT used a variance component analysis
can now use this more detailed data to better understand
model to produce long-term yield predictions on a
a variety’s performance over several years – rather than
regional ‘mean’ basis. In Australia, this model has
just a single averaged value.
been found to be inadequate in modelling Variety
by Environment interaction (GxE) and reporting at a Readers can further interrogate the data online to better
regional level often masked important GxE interactions. understand the performance of varieties under a range of
This meant that good and bad years were ‘averaged’ situations using the NVT Long Term Yield Reporting Tool.
together, making it difficult to understand the strengths The FA method is a very powerful and accurate predictor
and weaknesses of each variety when trialled in different of performance, and the yield predictions are best viewed
environments. at the individual trial/environment level. However, these
detailed datasets are too large for printed sowing guides
Now, a factor analytic (FA) mixed model approach is used
or quick reference summaries, such as the Sowing Guide.
in the MET analysis using expertise from the GRDC-
NVT have developed a system for viewing the complex
supported Statistics for the Australian Grains Industry
dataset based on individual user preferences. Users can
(SAGI) program. This approach generates long-term
choose to view data in Year or Yield-based groupings
MET predictions for varieties at an individual trial level. A
and can tailor site or region selections to their own
prediction is generated for every variety in every trial in
needs, for instance by viewing METs only for sites where
the entire dataset, regardless of whether the variety was
varieties were present in the trials (default option). In the
actually tested at every location. Using the FA model,
SA Sowing Guide, we present results in year groupings
NVT can provide a yield prediction for every situation.
and only for varieties present in trials. The NVT Long
For instance, if the yields of five varieties were ranked in
Term Yield Reporting Tool is designed to run on all web
a similar order at multiple trials (sites A, B, C and D), but
browsing platforms on computers, tablets and phones,
variety X was not grown at site D, the relative ranking of
and is available online at https://app.nvtonline.com.au.
X against the other varieties can be used to predict the
yield of variety X at site D.

LEGEND: MEAN VARIETY YIELD PERFORMANCE

Lowest Highest

Long-term mean yield illustrated by colour gradient from lowest (red) to highest (green)

LEGEND: DISEASE RESISTANCE RATING

VS SVS S MSS MS MRMS MR RMR R

Disease severity scale from very susceptible (VS) to resistant (R)

6 2020 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE

WHEAT
By Kenton Porker, Melissa McCallum, Courtney Peirce, Phil Davies,
Tara Garrard and Hugh Wallwork, SARDI Crop Sciences

INTRO
Since publication of the 2019 sowing guide, there yield. Growers need to understand the optimal
have been several new releases. The slightly flowering periods for their environment. The optimal

WHEAT
slower developing milling wheat varieties CatapultA flowering period is a compromise between frost
and RockStarA have been added to the list. The risk, moisture stress, and heat stress events, and
sowing guide continues to include the introduction differs from region to region. The majority of widely
of selected winter wheats and feed wheats. Three adapted fast to medium-developing wheat varieties

BARLEY
new durum varieties, DBA ArtemisA, BitalliA and are suited to early May to mid-May sowing. There
WestcourtA have also been recently released. Other are a growing number of varieties currently being
more recent releases including VixenA, Clearfield evaluated that may offer potential for mid to late-
varieties Sheriff CL PlusA and Razor CL PlusA have April sowing; however, these need wider evaluation.

CANOLA
now been widely evaluated in the National Variety The majority of long-term data generated from NVT
Trials (NVT), and longer term SA grain yield data is results presented in this publication are derived
provided within this publication. from commercially relevant May sowing dates.
Extensive state-wide evaluation within NVT over
Information on the most important selection criteria,

BEANS
coming seasons will provide more confidence
grain yield, quality, developmental speed and
in varieties that may have specific adaptation
disease resistance for each variety can be found
requirements. Figure 1 illustrates the range of
in this guide with a summary in Table 1. While the
developmental speeds of mid-season wheats sown
varieties listed are considered likely to provide
during the period from May to June across

LUPIN
the best return within each quality grade, growers
SA NVT in 2018.
need to consider their individual farm and paddock
situation and make their selection based on all
available information. DISEASE
Growers should note that a number of the newer

OAT
DOMESTIC FLOUR MILLERS varieties listed in this guide are below acceptable
WHEAT VARIETY PREFERENCES industry standards for rust resistance but offer
other important or useful attributes. If grown, these
Most of South Australia’s wheat is exported to the
varieties should be accompanied by suitable
Middle East for flat and pan bread production, and VETCH
rust-preventative strategies. Where varieties do
to a lesser extent noodle production. The domestic
not meet minimum disease resistance standards
flour millers purchase a small proportion of South
for rust, as set by industry, they are listed with a
Australian wheat either from marketers or directly
cautioning note. The current status of selected early
LENTIL

from growers. The domestic flour millers may have

to mid-season wheat varieties is shown in Table 2;
different quality requirements to export markets due
longer season wheat ratings are shown in Table 9
to different end products and processes employed.
and durum wheat in 12. The full SARDI Cereal
For further information, contact Laucke Flour Mills
CHICKPEA

Variety Disease Guide should always be consulted

(03 5431 5201).
when selecting varieties and can be found at:
http://pir.sa.gov.au/research/services/reports_and_
AGRONOMY newsletters/crop_performance.
Varieties differ in developmental speed. It is
FIELD PEA

An updated version with 2019 data will be available

important to match variety development with
from mid-February.
sowing time since flowering time is critical for wheat
NOTES

2020 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE 7

WHEAT

TABLE 1 Suitable wheat varieties for planting in South Australia.

Variety and current max. grade Suitability and significant features
HARD (AH)
BeckomA Low to medium rainfall districts.
All districts broad adaptation, wheat on wheat option, development pattern suited to late April to early May sowing, but limited
CatapultA
evaluation in SA.
Emu RockA Low to medium rainfall districts, very fast development speed.
Grenade CL Plus A
All districts, imidazolinone tolerant.
IllaboA Mid winter wheat, very early sowing (pre-April 20) and grazing opportunity in medium to high rainfall zones.
All districts, similar yields to MaceA with shorter plant height, wheat on wheat option except that it is susceptible to Septoria tritici
LongReach ArrowA
blotch.
LongReach CobraA Medium to high rainfall districts.
LongReach Havoc A
All districts, suited to wheat on wheat except that it is susceptible to Septoria tritici blotch. Susceptible to Stem rust.
Mid winter wheat, very early sowing and grazing opportunity in medium to high rainfall zones. Good Septoria tritici blotch
LongReach KittyhawkA
resistance.
LongReach ScoutA All districts, avoid wheat stubbles due to Yellow leaf spot susceptibility. Now outclassed.
All districts broad adaptation, wheat on wheat option except susceptible to Powdery mildew. Development pattern suited to late
RockStarA
April – early May sowing, but limited evaluation in SA.
ScepterA All districts broad adaptation, wheat on wheat option except that it is susceptible to Septoria tritici blotch and Powdery mildew.
All districts, fast development, similar yields to ScepterA, wheat on wheat option except that it is susceptible to Septoria tritici
VixenA
blotch.
APW
Chief CL PlusA All districts, imidazolinone tolerant, wheat on wheat option except that it is very susceptible Powdery mildew.
CutlassA All districts and early sowing situations.
LG CobaltA All districts, yields similar to MaceA.
LongReach Trojan A
Medium to high rainfall districts.
All districts, imidazolinone tolerant. Development speed similar to LongReach TrojanA, suited to wheat on wheat except that it is
Sheriff CL PlusA
susceptible to Septoria tritici blotch.
ASW
DS BennettA Slow winter wheat, very early sowing and grazing opportunity in medium to higher rainfall zones, awnless hay option.
Razor CL PlusA All districts, imidazolinone tolerant, slightly higher yielding than MaceA.
SOFT
LongReach Impala A
Soft wheat producing districts but very susceptible to Septoria tritici blotch and Leaf rust.
LongReach Orion A
Soft wheat producing districts. Awnless hay option. Useful resistance to Septoria (MRMS).
UNCLASSIFIED AND FEED
Longsword A
Fast winter wheat, very early to May sowing and grazing opportunity in all districts.
LongReach NighthawkA Slow spring wheat, suited to pre 20 April emergence. Limited evaluation in NVT.
Manning A
High rainfall, winter wheat suited to long season districts especially the South East region.
RGT Accroc  Slow red winter wheat, very early sowing and grazing opportunity in medium to high rainfall zones.
RGT Calabro  
Slow red winter wheat, very early sowing and grazing opportunity in medium to high rainfall zones.
TenfourA All districts. Susceptible to Stem rust and Powdery mildew and very susceptible to Stripe rust and Septoria tritici blotch.
Zanzibar A
Medium to high rainfall districts, more evaluation needed. Very susceptible to Stem rust.
DURUM
Bitalli A
All durum districts, fast development speed.
DBA ArtemisA All durum districts.
DBA-Aurora A
All durum districts.
DBA Spes A
All durum districts.
DBA VittaroiA All durum districts, fast development speed.
Saintly A
All durum districts, fast development speed and potential for hay production (awnless).
WestcourtA All durum districts.

8 2020 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE

 WHEAT

CutlassA
YitpiA
CatapultA
LongReach TrojanA
Sheriff CL PlusA
RockStarA
LG CobaltA
LongReach ArrowA
BeckomA
Chief CL PlusA
LongReach ScoutA
Kord CL PlusA
GladiusA
WyalkatchemA
CosmickA
ScepterA
LongReach CobraA

INTRO
Grenade CL PlusA
MaceA
CorackA
LongReach HavocA
Razor CL PlusA
Emu RockA

WHEAT
VixenA
0 4 8 12 16
Fast Fast–medium Medium Medium–slow
Relative Development Speed (scale = mean days difference to flower)
SOURCE: 2018 SA NVT DATASET

BARLEY
FIGURE 1 Relative speed of development of selected wheat varieties sown during
May and June 2018 across SA. Varieties are ranked according to time to flower.

CANOLA
TABLE 2 Responses of wheat varieties to disease and Black point.
Rust Septoria
tritici Yellow leaf Powdery

BEANS
Variety Stem Stripe Leaf blotch spot mildew Black point CCN
Beckom A
MRMS MRMS MSS S MSS MSS MRMS R
CatapultA MR MRMS S MSS MRMS MSS – –
Chief CL PlusA RMR MSS MR MS MRMS SVS MS MS

LUPIN
CutlassA R MS R MSS MSS MSS MS MR
Emu RockA MS MRMS SVS SVS MRMS MSS MS S
Grenade CL Plus A
MR MRMS S S S MS MSS MR
Kord CL PlusA MR MRMS MS MS MSS MS MRMS MR
LG CobaltA S RMR MSS S MSS MSS MRMS MSS

OAT
LongReach ArrowA S S SVS S MRMS SVS MRMS MS
LongReach CobraA RMR MSS MR S MS MSS MSS MS
LongReach HavocA S MR S S MRMS S MS S
LongReach Impala A
MR MR SVS VS MSS R MS MSS
LongReach NighthawkA RMR RMR MSS MSS MS S – – VETCH
LongReach OrionA MR MSS R MRMS MSS SVS S MS
MaceA MRMS SVS MSS S MRMS MSS MRMS MRMS
Razor CL PlusA MRMS MS S SVS MSS MSS MS MR
LENTIL

RockStar A
MR MRMS S MSS MRMS S – –
ScepterA MRMS MSS MSS S MRMS SVS MS MRMS
LongReach ScoutA MR MS MS S SVS MS S R
Sheriff CL PlusA MS MSS SVS S MRMS SVS MRMS MS
CHICKPEA

TenfourA S SVS MS SVS MRMS S MRMS MS

LongReach Trojan A
MRMS MR MRMS MS MSS SVS MS MS
VixenA MRMS MRMS SVS S MRMS SVS MS MSS
WyalkatchemA MSS S S S MR SVS MS S
FIELD PEA

YitpiA S MRMS S MSS SVS MS MS MR

Disease rating codes: R = resistant; MR = moderately resistant; MS = moderately susceptible; S = susceptible; VS = very susceptible; – variety yet to be fully evaluated.
* Provisional rating based on limited NVT data. Ratings provided are primarily from 2018 and earlier with limited updates based on 2019 data.
Cereal cyst nematode (CCN) resistance refers to the ability of the variety to reduce CCN carryover. Black point is not a disease but is a physiological response to certain humid conditions.
Information on disease reaction was supplied by the Field Crop Pathology Unit (SARDI). Contact Dr Hugh Wallwork: hugh.wallwork@sa.gov.au or Dr Tara Garrard: tara.garrard@sa.gov.au
NOTES

2020 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE 9

WHEAT

WHEAT VARIETY NOTES CutlassA

CutlassA has an APW classification in SA and was
BeckomA released by AGT in 2015. CutlassA is a mid to late-
BeckomA is a mid-season maturing AH wheat suited maturing variety like YitpiA. CutlassA is rated as
to the medium-high yield potential environments of moderately resistant to CCN with good resistance
SA. BeckomA is resistant to cereal cyst nematode to Stem and Leaf rust and relatively good (MS) for
(CCN) and shows moderate resistance (MRMS) Septoria tritici blotch. CutlassA is lower yielding
to Stripe rust, but is susceptible to Leaf rust and than fast-mid developing cultivars from May sowing
Septoria tritici blotch. BeckomA has a tendency dates. CutlassA has a unique flowering behaviour
for small grain size especially in tight finishing and commercial and agronomy data suggests it
seasons. Seed available from AGT affiliates and has an application for early sowing and frost risk
Seed Sharing™. (EPR $3.25/tonne GST ex). management where YitpiA has been successful.
Seed available from AGT Affiliates, retailers or
CatapultA through Seed Sharing™. (EPR $3.00/t GST ex).
CatapultA was released in 2019 by AGT as a
variety for late April/early May sowing. CatapultA Emu RockA
offers wide adaptation and has a slightly slower Emu RockA is a fast-developing AH quality variety
development pattern suited for earlier planting for mid to late sowings in a broad range of
opportunities in late April to early May. Yield environments across Southern Australia. Emu RockA
evaluation of CatapultA from earlier sowing is limited is susceptible to CCN, Septoria tritici blotch (S-VS),
in SA and more evaluation is required. Initial data Leaf rust and Powdery mildew but has moderate
suggests CatapultA produces grain with high test resistance (MRMS) to stem and Stripe rust and
weights and low screenings and is suitable for Yellow leaf spot. Across NVT in SA, Emu RockA has
wheat on wheat situations, having good Yellow leaf shown yields aligned with WyalkatchemA. Seed
spot resistance. Seed available from AGT Affiliates, is available from InterGrain and is approved for
retailers or through Seed Sharing™. grower to grower trade. (EPR $3.50/t GST ex).
(EPR $3.25/t GST ex).
Grenade CL PlusA
Chief CL Plus A
Grenade CL PlusA is an imidazolinone herbicide
Chief CL Plus is a mid-season (maturing slightly
A
tolerant (Clearfield®) AH variety. It is early to mid-
later than MaceA), imidazolinone herbicide tolerant season flowering with moderate resistance to CCN,
(Clearfield® Plus) APW wheat, derived from Stem rust (MR) and Stripe rust (MRMS). It is, however,
WyalkatchemA  and released in 2016 by InterGrain. susceptible to Leaf rust and Septoria tritici blotch.
Chief CL PlusA  has good resistance to Leaf rust Seed available from AGT Affiliates.
and Stem rust, useful resistance to Septoria (MS) (EPR $3.80/t GST ex).
and Yellow leaf spot (MRMS), but is susceptible
to Powdery mildew (SVS) and Stripe rust (MSS). Kord CL PlusA
The long-term results show grain yields similar to Kord CL PlusA carries two genes for Clearfield®
WyalkatchemA  in many districts. Seed is available resistance and is derived from GladiusA  with similar
for 2020 planting from local resellers or InterGrain maturity and susceptibility to pre-harvest sprouting
Seedclub members. (EPR $4.25/t GST ex). but is MR to CCN. Kord CL PlusA has an AH
classification and has yielded similar to GladiusA  in
LG CobaltA all districts. Seed is available from AGT affiliates.
LG CobaltA is a mid-season developing cultivar with (EPR $3.55/t GST ex).
an APW grain quality classification in SA. Long-term
yield performance of LG CobaltA suggests it is
similar to MaceA in most SA districts. LG CobaltA is
susceptible to most diseases although resistant to
Stripe rust. LG CobaltA is available through Elders
and selected seed partners.

10 2020 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE

 WHEAT

LongReach ArrowA MaceA

LongReach ArrowA is an AH quality wheat from MaceA has early to mid-season maturity, and an
LongReach Plant Breeders, released in 2016. AH classification. It is SVS to Stripe rust and S to
LongReach ArrowA is a mid-season wheat and Septoria tritici blotch but is slightly better (MSS) to
develops at a similar speed to ScepterA. For SA Powdery mildew than similar varieties. MaceA has
NVT, LongReach ArrowA yields were similar to been widely tested since 2009 in NVT in SA and
MaceA in the lower-medium yielding environments shows wide adaptation coupled with high yield
and had a small improvement over MaceA in potential and wheat on wheat application. Seed is
the higher yielding environments. LongReach available from AGT affiliates and Seed Sharing™.
ArrowA is susceptible to Septoria tritici blotch, (EPR $3.00/t GST ex).
Powdery mildew stripe, stem and Leaf rust but
is MRMS to Yellow leaf spot. LongReach ArrowA Razor CL PlusA

INTRO
has good physical grain quality with good black Razor CL PlusA is an imidazolinone herbicide
point resistance (MRMS) and relatively short plant tolerant (Clearfield® Plus) ASW wheat released
height suited to stubble retained systems. Seed is by AGT. Razor CL PlusA is an early developing
available from Pacific Seeds. (EPR $3.00/t GST ex). variety, slightly quicker than MaceA. The long-term

WHEAT
performance of Razor CL PlusA suggests it is the
LongReach CobraA highest yielding Clearfield® variety and on average
LongReach CobraA was released as an early is three per cent higher than MaceA. Razor CL PlusA
maturing Westonia derivative with AH quality and is rated SVS for Septoria tritici blotch, S to Leaf

BARLEY
high yield potential, particularly in the medium to rust, and MS to Stripe rust but MR to CCN. Seed is
higher rainfall districts of SA. LongReach CobraA has available from AGT affiliates. (EPR $3.30/t GST ex).
good resistance to Stem rust and Leaf rust but rated
MSS to Stripe rust, and MS to Septoria tritici blotch, RockStarA

CANOLA
CCN and Yellow leaf spot. LongReach CobraA has RockStarA has been released in 2019 by InterGrain.
good grain size and moderate test weight and is RockStarA offers wide adaptation but has a slightly
moderately susceptible to pre-harvest sprouting. slower development pattern suited for earlier
Seed is available from Pacific Seeds. planting opportunities in late April to early May.

BEANS
(EPR $3.50/t GST ex). Yield performance from May to June sowing dates
in 2018 suggests that RockStarA yields similarly
LongReach HavocA or slightly less than ScepterA. Yield evaluation
LongReach HavocA is an early maturing MaceA of RockStarA from earlier sowing is limited in SA

LUPIN
derivative with AH quality. Havoc has a shorter and more evaluation is required. RockStarA is
canopy than MaceA. It is susceptible to leaf and rated MRMS to Stripe rust and Yellow leaf spot,
Stem rust and Septoria tritici blotch but moderately S to Powdery mildew and Leaf rust, and MSS to
resistant to Stripe rust. Long-term yield performance Septoria. RockStarA is available for planting in 2020
is similar or slightly below MaceA in most from local resellers and Seedclub members.

OAT
environments. Seed is available from Pacific Seeds. (EPR $3.50/t GST ex).
(EPR $4.00/t GST ex).
ScepterA
LongReach Trojan
VETCH
A
ScepterA has an AH classification in SA, was
LongReach Trojan is a mid-maturing (slightly later
A
released by AGT in 2015 and is now the most
than MaceA), APW quality variety with high yield widely grown wheat variety in SA. ScepterA is
potential, particularly in medium to high-rainfall largely derived from MaceA with many similar
districts. LongReach TrojanA is well suited to mid- characteristics although it has improved grain yield
LENTIL

season plantings in high production zones and and Stripe rust resistance and is more susceptible
slightly earlier planting in medium rainfall zones. to Powdery mildew. ScepterA is rated MR to
It has good or useful resistance to Stem rust, Leaf Stem rust, MSS to Leaf rust and is rated MRMS to
CHICKPEA

rust, Stripe rust, Septoria tritici blotch and eyespot CCN and Yellow leaf spot. ScepterA shows wide
but is rated SVS for Powdery mildew. LongReach adaptation and is suitable for wheat on wheat
TrojanA has large grain size with low screenings, application except where Septoria tritici blotch and
high test weight and good black point resistance. Powdery mildew are likely to be a problem. Seed
FIELD PEA

Seed is available from Pacific Seeds. is available from AGT Affiliates, retailers or through
(EPR $4.00/t GST ex). Seed Sharing™. (EPR $3.25/t GST ex).
NOTES

2020 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE 11

WHEAT

Sheriff CL PlusA Feed and unclassified wheats

Sheriff CL Plus is an imidazolinone herbicide
A

tolerant (Clearfield® Plus) APW wheat released LongReach NighthawkA

by InterGrain in 2018. Sheriff CL PlusA is a mid LongReach NighthawkA has a feed classification in
to late-flowering variety, is similar to LongReach SA, and is a slow-developing spring wheat bred for
TrojanA in developmental speed and can be sown early germination opportunities prior to 25 April. It
slightly earlier than the other Clearfield® Plus wheat is suited to early planting or grazing opportunities
varieties. The long-term NVT performance of Sheriff similar to winter wheat in the higher rainfall zones.
CL PlusA suggests it yields similarly to MaceA and Early sowing agronomy data suggests LongReach
has stable yields across most regions. Sheriff CL NighthawkA has similar or higher yields than winter
PlusA is rated SVS to Leaf rust and Powdery mildew, wheats when established in mid-April. LongReach
MSS to stem and Stripe rust, S to Septoria tritici NighthawkA has good resistance to stem and
blotch, MRMS to Yellow leaf spot, and MS to CCN. Stripe rust but is MSS to Leaf rust and Septoria tritici
Seed is available for planting in 2020 from local blotch and S to Powdery mildew. More evaluation is
resellers or InterGrain Seedclub members. needed. Seed is available from Pacific Seeds.
(EPR $4.25/t GST ex). (EPR $4.25/t GST ex).

VixenA TenfourA
VixenA is an early flowering variety that develops TenfourA is a white-grained feed wheat released in
slightly quicker than ScepterA. VixenA was released 2015 that has shown high yield potential in SA NVT
by InterGrain in 2018 and has an AH Classification across a wide range of environments. TenfourA
in SA. Long-term data suggests performance is available through Elders and selected seed
is similar to ScepterA, but it performed slightly partners. (EPR $3.00/t GST ex).
above ScepterA in 2016 evaluation. The variety’s
development speed is suited to mid-May to later ZanzibarA
sowings. VixenA is rated SVS to Leaf rust and ZanzibarA is a red spring wheat with feed grain
Powdery mildew, MRMS to stem and Stripe rust, quality, suited to the medium high rainfall zone.
S to Septoria tritici blotch, MRMS to Yellow leaf spot, ZanzibarA has good standability and is slow to
and S to CCN. VixenA seed is approved for grower develop, developing later than CutlassA. It is,
to grower trading and seed is available through however, very susceptible to Stem rust, making this
local resellers or InterGrain Seedclub members. variety a high risk should Stem rust occur, and so
(EPR $3.50/t GST ex). should be grown with caution. Seed is available
from Seed Force Broadacre Commercial Partners.
Soft wheats (EPR $4.00/t GST ex).

LongReach ImpalaA YIELD PERFORMANCE

LongReach ImpalaA is an early to mid-season soft EXPERIMENTS 2014–18
biscuit (ASF1) wheat targeted to eastern Australia. The yield results presented (Tables 3 to 8) are
Impala has mid-season maturity, is susceptible to multi-environment trial (MET) data shown on a yearly
CCN, has good stem and Stripe rust resistance, but regional group mean and an overall performance
is very susceptible to Septoria tritici blotch and Leaf mean for the region. All yields are expressed as a
rust. LongReach ImpalaA produces large grain with percentage of mean yield from NVT data 2014 to
low screening losses and is MRMS to black point. 2018 inclusive, along with number of observations
Seed is available from Pacific Seeds. in adjacent columns. Further results can be found
(EPR $3.50/t GST ex). on the NVT website: www.nvtonline.com.au.
LongReach OrionA
LongReach OrionA is a mid to long-season maturing
soft biscuit (ASF1) wheat targeted to eastern
Australia. LongReach OrionA has good resistance
to Septoria tritici blotch (MRMS) as well as stem and
Leaf rust but is susceptible to Stripe rust, Powdery
mildew, black point and to sprouting. Seed is
available from Pacific Seeds. (EPR $3.00/t GST ex).

12 2020 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE

 WHEAT

TABLE 3 South East wheat yield performance. NVT data 2014–18.

Long-term yield expressed as a percentage of mean yield.
Year 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Mean yield t/ha 2.63 3.96 5.62 4.17 4.00
Variety Classification No. trials 3 2 3 1 2
MILLING WHEATS
BeckomA AH 11 110 109 107 105 109
Catapult A
AH 2 – – – – 110
CutlassA APW 8 – 100 103 95 103
Emu RockA AH 11 96 100 98 105 101

INTRO
LG CobaltA APW 2 – – – – 106
LongReach ArrowA AH 8 – 108 105 107 106
LongReach CobraA AH 11 98 107 110 107 103
LongReach Havoc A
AH 6 – – 100 113 102

WHEAT
LongReach Scout A
AH 11 97 101 105 99 103
LongReach TrojanA APW 11 110 110 111 102 109
MaceA AH 11 107 106 99 108 104
RockStarA AH 2 – – – – 113

BARLEY
Scepter A
AH 8 – 114 105 110 113
VixenA AH 5 – – 109 – 116
WyalkatchemA APW 11 102 102 99 104 100

CANOLA
YitpiA AH 11 97 91 95 89 94
CLEARFIELD® PLUS
Chief CL Plus A APW 9 107 – 97 103 99
Grenade CL Plus A
AH 11 93 92 92 96 95

BEANS
Kord CL Plus A
AH 11 95 90 89 93 94
Razor CL Plus A
ASW 3 – – – 111 108
Sheriff CL Plus A
APW 5 – – 105 – 106
FEED WHEATS

LUPIN
LongReach BeaufortA FEED 2 – – – – 101
ZanzibarA FEED 6 – – 109 94 99

Legend: Mean variety yield performance

OAT
Lowest Highest

VETCH
LENTIL
CHICKPEA
FIELD PEA
NOTES

2020 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE 13

WHEAT

TABLE 4 Yorke Peninsula wheat yield performance. NVT data 2014–18.

Long-term yield expressed as a percentage of mean yield.
Year 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Mean yield t/ha 4.36 3.08 6.03 4.49 3.97
Variety Classification No. trials 3 3 3 3 3
MILLING WHEATS
BeckomA AH 15 110 105 107 106 107
CatapultA AH 3 – – – – 110
Cutlass A
APW 12 – 96 103 102 105
Emu RockA AH 15 102 105 99 99 99
LG Cobalt A
APW 3 – – – – 105
LongReach ArrowA AH 12 – 108 103 105 103
LongReach Cobra A
AH 15 97 105 111 102 99
LongReach HavocA AH 9 – – 95 104 97
LongReach Scout A
AH 15 98 98 108 99 103
LongReach TrojanA APW 15 107 103 111 106 107
Mace A
AH 15 110 110 96 104 101
RockStar A
AH 2 – – – – 111
Scepter A
AH 12 – 113 102 110 110
Vixen A
AH 9 – – 110 110 111
WyalkatchemA APW 15 103 104 97 101 98
YitpiA AH 15 94 89 95 96 99
CLEARFIELD® PLUS
Chief CL Plus A APW 12 106 – 91 103 97
Grenade CL PlusA AH 15 95 96 93 95 97
Kord CL PlusA AH 15 97 94 89 95 97
Razor CL PlusA ASW 6 – – – 104 104
Sheriff CL PlusA APW 6 – – 103 – 104
FEED WHEATS
ZanzibarA FEED 3 – – 111 – –

14 2020 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE

 WHEAT

TABLE 5 Murray Mallee wheat yield performance. NVT data 2014–18.

Long-term yield expressed as a percentage of mean yield.
Year 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Mean yield t/ha 2.69 1.60 4.12 3.43 1.73
Variety Classification No. trials 4 3 6 1 4
MILLING WHEATS
BeckomA AH 18 112 110 108 108 107
CatapultA AH 4 – – – – 110
Cutlass A
APW 14 – 107 104 105 102
Emu RockA AH 18 103 97 98 95 103

INTRO
LG Cobalt A
APW 4 – – – – 105
LongReach ArrowA AH 14 – 105 104 107 104
LongReach Cobra A
AH 18 94 95 103 98 98
LongReach HavocA AH 11 – – 98 105 101

WHEAT
LongReach ScoutA AH 18 101 100 104 95 102
LongReach TrojanA APW 18 108 110 110 109 105
Mace A
AH 18 109 105 101 107 104
RockStar AH 4 – – – – 111

BARLEY
A

Scepter A
AH 14 – 116 110 115 113
Vixen A
AH 11 – – 112 110 114
WyalkatchemA APW 18 100 100 99 103 100

CANOLA
YitpiA AH 18 96 100 97 98 97
CLEARFIELD® PLUS
Chief CL Plus A APW 15 100 – 98 109 99
Grenade CL PlusA AH 18 97 95 94 93 98

BEANS
Kord CL Plus A
AH 18 99 98 93 95 99
Razor CL PlusA ASW 5 – – – 102 107
Sheriff CL PlusA APW 10 – – 105 – 104
FEED WHEATS

LUPIN
TenfourA FEED 14 105 100 106 103 –
Zanzibar A
FEED 6 – – 103 – –

Legend: Mean variety yield performance

OAT
Lowest Highest

VETCH
LENTIL
CHICKPEA
FIELD PEA
NOTES

2020 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE 15

WHEAT

TABLE 6 Mid North wheat yield performance. NVT data 2014–18.

Long-term yield expressed as a percentage of mean yield.
Year 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Mean yield t/ha 3.97 2.88 5.65 3.32 2.67
Variety Classification No. trials 4 4 3 3 2
MILLING WHEATS
BeckomA AH 16 106 104 108 105 106
CatapultA AH 2 – – – – 108
Corack A
APW 16 107 115 98 110 110
CutlassA APW 12 – 93 104 98 99
Emu Rock A
AH 16 100 108 98 104 105
LG CobaltA APW 16 106 104 103 105 106
LongReach Arrow A
AH 12 – 107 104 106 105
LongReach CobraA AH 16 103 104 106 102 97
LongReach Havoc A
AH 8 – – 97 109 107
LongReach ImpalaA ASFT 15 93 92 97 94 97
LongReach Orion A
ASFT 6 90 – – 88 89
LongReach Scout A
AH 16 99 99 105 99 99
LongReach TrojanA APW 16 106 100 110 103 102
Mace A
AH 16 105 110 99 107 109
RockStarA AH 2 – – – – 110
Scepter A
AH 12 – 113 107 112 116
VixenA AH 5 – – – 114 117
Wyalkatchem A
APW 16 102 104 98 103 102
YitpiA AH 16 94 88 97 92 94
CLEARFIELD® PLUS
Chief CL Plus A APW 12 104 – 95 103 102
Grenade CL Plus A
AH 16 94 98 94 97 99
Kord CL PlusA AH 16 94 96 92 96 100
Razor CL PlusA ASW 5 – – – 109 109
Sheriff CL Plus A
APW 5 – – 104 – 104
FEED WHEATS
TenfourA FEED 14 109 116 107 111 –
ZanzibarA FEED 8 – – 107 93 89

16 2020 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE

 WHEAT

TABLE 7 Lower Eyre Peninsula wheat yield performance. NVT data 2014–18.
Long-term yield expressed as a percentage of mean yield.
Year 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Mean yield t/ha 3.45 3.65 4.89 2.94 3.65
Variety Classification No. trials 3 4 2 3 3
MILLING WHEATS
BeckomA AH 15 107 107 109 108 108
CatapultA AH 3 – – – – 108
Cutlass A
APW 12 – 96 101 102 103
Emu RockA AH 15 100 105 102 101 99

INTRO
LG Cobalt A
APW 3 – – – – 108
LongReach ArrowA AH 12 – 109 106 107 106
LongReach CobraA AH 15 103 107 107 98 99
LongReach HavocA AH 8 – – 102 106 103

WHEAT
LongReach ScoutA AH 15 100 99 105 98 99
LongReach TrojanA APW 15 107 105 109 107 107
MaceA AH 15 105 109 103 108 106
RockStar AH 3 – – – – 112

BARLEY
A

Scepter A
AH 12 – 114 112 117 114
Vixen A
AH 6 – – – 116 113
WyalkatchemA APW 15 101 104 99 102 101

CANOLA
YitpiA AH 15 95 88 92 95 97
CLEARFIELD® PLUS
Chief CL Plus A APW 11 102 – 95 105 104
Grenade CL PlusA AH 15 94 94 94 95 95

BEANS
Kord CL Plus A
AH 15 94 92 91 97 96
Razor CL PlusA ASW 6 – – – 107 105
Sheriff CL PlusA APW 5 – – 105 – 106

LUPIN
Legend: Mean variety yield performance

Lowest Highest

OAT
VETCH
LENTIL
CHICKPEA
FIELD PEA
NOTES

2020 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE 17

WHEAT

TABLE 8 Upper Eyre Peninsula wheat yield performance. NVT data 2014–18.
Long-term yield expressed as a percentage of mean yield.
Year 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Mean yield t/ha 2.33 1.79 2.43 1.21 1.52
Variety Classification No. trials 3 7 6 5 5
MILLING WHEATS
BeckomA AH 26 105 105 107 106 106
CatapultA AH 5 – – – – 104
Corack A
APW 26 106 112 99 104 106
CutlassA APW 23 – 98 103 103 104
Emu Rock A
AH 26 102 102 102 99 97
LG CobaltA APW 26 104 107 103 106 108
LongReach ArrowA AH 23 – 107 103 104 105
LongReach CobraA AH 26 102 102 101 98 96
LongReach Havoc A
AH 16 – – 97 102 104
LongReach ScoutA AH 26 100 96 105 99 95
LongReach Trojan A
APW 26 104 104 106 105 106
Mace A
AH 26 104 109 101 104 106
RockStarA AH 5 – – – – 108
Scepter A
AH 23 – 113 109 111 112
VixenA AH 10 – – – 110 107
WyalkatchemA APW 26 101 104 98 101 103
YitpiA AH 26 95 93 98 98 99
CLEARFIELD® PLUS
Chief CL Plus A APW 19 101 – 95 103 108
Grenade CL Plus A
AH 26 97 95 98 97 96
Kord CL PlusA AH 26 96 95 97 98 98
Razor CL Plus A
ASW 16 – – 106 104 101
Sheriff CL PlusA APW 16 – – 103 105 106

Legend: Mean variety yield performance

Lowest Highest

18 2020 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE

 WHEAT

GRAIN QUALITY While screenings were low in 2017 and 2018, the
general trends demonstrated ShieldA and CosmickA 
Grain quality for individual varieties varies from
had higher screening levels and were generally
site to site and from year to year; however, long-
more variable, these cultivars have now been
term trends highlight varieties that can consistently
outclassed. The new releases CatapultA and Sheriff
achieve either higher test weights or low grain
CL PlusA had less screenings in 2018 than another
screenings under a wider range of environments.
recent release, Vixen A.
The graphs shown in Figures 2 to 5 aim to
Test weight (kg/hL)
demonstrate variety trends in key grain quality traits 85
from 2017 and 2018 trials. Sheriff CL PlusA, CatapultA
and RockStarA were unable to be included in 2017 83
data due to limited data points but were included in
81
2018.

INTRO
79
Grain screenings (% <2mm)
5 77
4

WHEAT
75

EstocA
LongReach HavocA
Grenade CL PlusA
LongReach TrojanA
CorackA
CutlassA
YitpiA
Hatchet CL PlusA

Emu RockA
MaceA
WyalkatchemA
Razor CL PlusA
BeckomA
CosmickA
Chief CL PlusA
VixenA
Kord CL PlusA
AxeA
GladiusA
LongReach ArrowA
ShieldA
LongReach CobraA
LongReach ScoutA

ScepterA
3

BARLEY
1

0 FIGURE 4 The median test weight (kg/hL) of wheat

varieties in 2017 NVT (see circle on each bar).
AxeA
CorackA
LongReach ArrowA
LongReach TrojanA

Hatchet CL PlusA
Chief CL PlusA
WyalkatchemA
MaceA
GladiusA
CutlassA
Razor CL PlusA
Grenade CL PlusA
BeckomA
VixenA
Emu RockA

LongReach HavocA
YitpiA
Kord CL PlusA
EstocA
LongReach CobraA
ShieldA
CosmickA
LongReach ScoutA

ScepterA

Varieties are ranked in descending order of test

CANOLA
weight for the 2017 season. The bars represent the
range in which grain test weights have occurred in
50 per cent of trials. The shorter the bar the more
consistent the variety.
FIGURE 2 The median grain screenings of wheat

BEANS
Test weight (kg/hL)
varieties in 2017 NVT (see circle on each bar). 85
Varieties are ranked in increasing order of grain
screenings for the 2017 season. The bars represent 83
the range in which grain screenings have occurred

LUPIN
81
in 50 per cent of trials. The shorter the bar the more
consistent the variety. 79

Grain screenings (% <2mm) 77

5

OAT
75
CutlassA
YitpiA
LongReach TrojanA
Razor CL PlusA

LongReach ArrowA

BeckomA
WallupA
Chief CL PlusA
Grenade CL PlusA

Emu RockA
LongReach CobraA
Kord CL PlusA
VixenA
ShieldA
LongReach ScoutA

CatapultA
Sheriff CL PlusA
MaceA
CorackA
WyalkatchemA
LongReach HavocA

LG CobaltA
ScepterA

RockStarA

2 VETCH

1 FIGURE 5 The median test weight (kilogram/

0
hectolitre) of wheat varieties in 2018 NVT (see circle
on each bar). Varieties are ranked in descending
LENTIL
WyalkatchemA
WallupA
Sheriff CL PlusA
YitpiA
LongReach TrojanA
CorackA
CutlassA
LongReach ArrowA
CatapultA
LG CobaltA
Chief CL PlusA
MaceA
ScepterA
Grenade CL PlusA
Kord CL PlusA
LongReach HavocA
LongReach ScoutA
RockStarA
BeckomA
LongReach CobraA
Razor CL PlusA
VixenA
Emu RockA
CosmickA
ShieldA

order of test weight for the 2018 season. The bars

represent the range in which grain test weights
have occurred in 50 per cent of trials. The shorter
CHICKPEA

the bar the more consistent the variety.

FIGURE 3 The median grain screenings of wheat Test weights were less variable in 2017 compared to
varieties in 2018 NVT (see circle on each bar). 2018. Variety trends between seasons were similar.
Varieties are ranked in increasing order of grain LongReach ScoutA expressed consistently high
FIELD PEA

screenings for the 2018 season. The bars represent test weights, while ShieldA and LongReach CobraA
the range in which grain screenings have occurred were consistently at the lower end. Among the new
in 50 per cent of trials. The shorter the bar the more releases, VixenA and RockStarA trended lower and
consistent the variety. CatapultA trended higher.
NOTES

2020 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE 19

WHEAT

WINTER WHEAT VARIETY NOTES FEED WINTER WHEATS

Winter wheats may facilitate early germination
LongswordA
opportunities prior to 20 April in frost-prone
environments. Winter wheats have an obligate LongswordA is classified as a feed wheat in SA.
requirement for cold (vernalisation) in order to LongswordA is a fast-developing winter wheat
flower. While limited yield data is provided in this which means that once its vernalisation requirement
guide, the winter cultivars LongswordA, IllaboA, is met it is relatively fast to flower and is quicker
LongReach KittyhawkA, RGT Accroc  and DS to flower than EGA WedgetailA. LongswordA has
BennettA are all commercially available in 2020 a broad sowing window but will be most suited
and are being trialled in early-sown NVT and a to April plantings. LongswordA has not been
series of agronomy trials across SA as part of GRDC widely tested in early-sowing NVT, but data from
management of early-sown wheat project. agronomic trials have shown it is the highest
yielding winter wheat in the low rainfall zones.
DS BennettA LongswordA has a good disease package and is
rated MSS to Leaf rust, MR to stem and MR to Stripe
DS BennettA was released in 2018 and has an
rust, MSS to Septoria, and MRMS to CCN. Seed is
ASW classification in SA. DS BennettA is a slow-
available from AGT Affiliates, retailers or through
developing winter wheat that has been developed
Seed Sharing™. (EPR $2.75/t GST ex).
for longer season and higher rainfall growing areas.
It is suited to early planting or grazing opportunities
ManningA
and will be later to flower than EGA WedgetailA.
DS BennettA is rated S to Leaf rust, MRMS to stem ManningA was released in 2013 as a very late
and R to Stripe rust, MSS to Septoria and CCN. DS flowering white-grained feed wheat for high
BennettA may also be a higher risk for black point. rainfall zones in SE Australia. It is a dual purpose,
Seed is available from Seednet partners. grazing/grain winter wheat with high yield potential
(EPR $4.25/t GST ex). and Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) resistance,
coupled with good resistance to stem and Stripe
IllaboA rust and other foliar diseases. Seed is available from
GrainSearch affiliates or contact GrainSearch for
IllaboA was released in 2018 by AGT and has an
more details. (EPR $3.50/t GST ex).
AH classification in SA. IllaboA is a mid to fast-
developing winter wheat that has been developed
RGT Accroc 
for mid to long-season growing areas. It is suited
to early planting or grazing opportunities similar to RGT Accroc  is a red winter wheat, feed grain
EGA WedgetailA in the medium-high rainfall zones. quality, suited to the high-rainfall zone and is
Illabo A has shown a yield improvement compared suitable for sowing late February to early April for
to EGA Wedgetail A and LongReach KittyhawkA. early grazing. Maturity is three to five days earlier
IllaboA is rated S to Leaf rust, MS to stem and RMR than SF Adagio . RGT Accroc  is rated S to Leaf rust,
to Stripe rust, MSS to Septoria, and MS to CCN. MS to stem and R to Stripe rust, MRMS to Yellow
Seed is available from AGT Affiliates, retailers or leaf spot, and S to CCN. Seed is available via Seed
through Seed Sharing™. (EPR $3.50/t GST ex). Force Broadacre Commercial Partners.
(EPR $4.00/t GST ex).
LongReach KittyhawkA
RGT Calabro 
LongReach KittyhawkA is an AH mid-winter wheat
and has been developed for long-season growing RGT Calabro  is a red feed grain quality awned
areas. It is suited to early planting or grazing winter wheat with potential for high yields. It has
opportunities similar to EGA WedgetailA in the medium to long-season maturity suited high rainfall
higher rainfall zones. LongReach Kittyhawk  has zones. It is suitable for sowing late February to early
an improved disease and grain quality package March for early grazing. Contact Seed Force for
compared to EGA WedgetailA, particularly for Agent. (EPR $4.00/t exc GST).
Septoria tritici blotch (MRMS) and Leaf rust (MS).
More evaluation is needed. Seed is available from
Pacific Seeds. (EPR $4.25/t GST ex).

20 2020 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE

 WHEAT

TABLE 9 Responses of slower developing wheats to disease and black point.

Rust Septoria
tritici Yellow leaf Powdery
Variety Stem Stripe Leaf blotch spot mildew Black point CCN
Bolac A
MRMS RMR MRMS MSS MSS MRMS MS S
DS BennettA MRMS RMR S MSS MRMS R S MSS
EGA WedgetailA RMR R SVS MS MS MR MS MSS
Illabo A
MS RMR S MSS MS MRMS MS MS
Kiora A
MR RMR MRMS MS MSS MS MS MSS
LongReach Nighthawk A
RMR RMR MSS MSS MS S – –
LongReach KittyhawkA MRMS-S RMR MS MRMS MRMS MS MS S

INTRO
Longsword A
MR RMR MSS MSS MRMS MS MRMS MRMS
ManningA MR RMR MS MR MRMS MS SVS S
RGT Accroc  
MS R S MS MRMS MRMS MRMS S
RGT Calabro  MS RMR MSS MRMS MRMS MR MS S

WHEAT
SQP Revenue A
RMR R VS S MS R MS S
ZanzibarA VS R SVS S MS MRMS MRMS MSS
Disease rating codes: R = resistant; MR = moderately resistant; MS = moderately susceptible; S = susceptible; VS = very susceptible; – variety yet to be fully evaluated.
* Provisional rating based on limited NVT data. Ratings provided are primarily from 2018 and earlier with limited updates based on 2019 data.

BARLEY
Cereal cyst nematode (CCN) resistance refers to the ability of the variety to reduce CCN carryover. Black point is not a disease but is a physiological response to certain humid conditions.
Information on disease reaction was supplied by the Field Crop Pathology Unit (SARDI). Contact Dr Hugh Wallwork: hugh.wallwork@sa.gov.au or Dr Tara Garrard: tara.garrard@sa.gov.au

TABLE 10 South East early season wheat yield performance. NVT data 2014–18.

CANOLA
Long-term yield expressed as a percentage of mean yield.
Year 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Mean yield t/ha 4.65 5.90 5.60 5.85 7.58
Variety Classification No. trials 1 1 1 1 1

BEANS
MILLING WHEATS
BeckomA AH 4 – 111 97 107 96
CatapultA AH 1 – – – – 103
CoolahA AH 5 97 99 102 100 104

LUPIN
CutlassA APW 4 – 107 102 104 103
DS BennettA ASW 3 – – 117 110 117
DS PascalA APW 5 114 108 99 100 98
EGA Wedgetail A
APW 5 97 98 103 99 102

OAT
ForrestA APW 5 99 96 100 92 100
IllaboA AH 3 – – 104 111 101
LongReach KittyhawkA AH 4 – 100 101 99 99

VETCH
LongReach Scout A
AH 2 105 – 97 – –
LongReach Trojan A
APW 5 107 107 101 106 101
ScepterA AH 1 – – – – 102
YitpiA AH 1 – – – – 96
LENTIL

FEED WHEATS
LongReach BeaufortA FEED 5 97 105 116 109 118
LongReach NighthawkA FEED 1 – – – – 106
LongswordA FEED 3 – – 103 111 100
CHICKPEA

ManningA FEED 5 95 103 117 109 116

RGT Accroc  
FEED 5 101 111 125 116 125
RGT Calabro  FEED 4 – 111 128 121 126
FIELD PEA

SF Adagio  
FEED 5 102 110 118 113 116
SQP Revenue A
FEED 4 92 101 119 107 –
ZanzibarA FEED 3 – – 116 116 116
Please note these data are generated only from the Conmurra site in the South East.
Sowing dates from these trials ranged from 28 April to 28 May during this period.
NOTES

2020 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE 21

WHEAT

Early break trials were initiated by the GRDC NVT DURUM WHEAT VARIETY NOTES
program for the first time in 2017. Due to frost and
The development speed of different durum
the lack of early break opportunity in 2018 the
varieties were compared to ScepterA and
dataset in Table 11 is limited to one site on the Eyre
LongReach TrojanA in sowing trials across a range
Peninsula in 2017.
of dates in May and two locations, Loxton and
Tarlee in South Australia, in the 2018 season (SAGIT-
TABLE 11 Lower Eyre Peninsula early break wheat yield funded project S518). From these trials, most of the
performance. NVT data 2014–18.
durum varieties were characterised as fast-medium
Long-term yield expressed as a percentage of or medium-developing speed within the range
mean yield. of ScepterA and TrojanA, and therefore suited to
Early season Year 2017 early-mid May sowing in SA. Currently, there are no
Mean yield t/ha 1.40 released durum varieties suited for earlier planting.
Variety Classification No. trials 1 Figure 6 illustrates the range of development
MILLING WHEATS speeds of durum varieties sown during the period
BolacA AH 1 101 from May to June across SA NVT in 2018.
Coolah A
AH 1 94
Cutlass A
APW 1 106 BitalliA
DS BennettA ASW 1 120 BitalliA is a fast-developing durum variety, slightly
DS DarwinA AH 1 91 slower than Saintly A. BitalliA is widely adapted and
DS PascalA APW 1 113 yielded 3 per cent higher than DBA-AuroraA in
EGA WedgetailA AH 1 106
the Mid North and Yorke Peninsula in 2018. BitalliA
offers good physical grain characteristics including
EstocA APW 1 96
low screenings and high test weight. It is MR to
Illabo A
AH 1 125
stem and Leaf rust and RMR to Stripe rust, while
KioraA AH 1 105
also being MRMS to both Yellow leaf spot and
LongReach KittyhawkA APW 1 107 Septoria tritici blotch. BitalliA is eligible for Australian
LongReach TrojanA APW 1 104 Premium Durum (ADR) in SA and was released
MagentaA APW 1 100 by AGT in 2019 with seed available through AGT
Sunlamb A
ASW 1 96 Affiliates, retailers or through Seed Sharing™.
YitpiA AH 1 96 (EPR $3.50/t GST ex).
FEED WHEATS
LongswordA FEED 1 117
DBA Artemis A
Note: Murray Mallee 2017 trial not released. DBA ArtemisA is a slightly slower developing variety
In 2018 both Upper EP and Mallee trials not sown due to lack of early break opportunity. than DBA-AuroraA with a similar disease profile. It
is RMR to both leaf and Stripe rust and MR to Stem
DBA ArtemisA
rust. It is also MRMS to both Yellow leaf spot and
WestcourtA Septoria tritici blotch. Grain size and screenings are
HypernoA comparable to DBA-AuroraA and DBA SpesA. DBA
TjilkuriA ArtemisA is eligible for ADR grade in SA and was
DBA-AuroraA released by Durum Breeding Australia’s Southern
CaparoiA Node (University of Adelaide) in 2019 with seed
DBA SpesA available from Southern Australia Durum Growers
DBA VittaroiA Association. (EPR $3.00/T GST ex).
BitalliA
SaintlyA
DBA SpesA
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 DBA SpesA has a similar development speed to
Relative development speed (scale = mean days difference to flower)
SOURCE: 2018 SA NVT DATASET
DBA-AuroraA. It has a good disease package being
RMR to stem and Stripe rust and R to Leaf rust. It is
FIGURE 6 Relative speed of development of also MRMS to both Yellow leaf spot and Septoria
selected durum varieties sown during May and tritici blotch. It has good grain size and lower
June across SA. Varieties are ranked according to screenings consistent with other durum varieties
time to flower. available. DBA SpesA is eligible for ADR grade in SA
and was released from Durum Breeding Australia’s
Southern Node (University of Adelaide) in 2018 with
seed available from the Southern Australia Durum
Growers Association. (EPR $3.00/t GST ex).

22 2020 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE

 WHEAT

DBA VittaroiA (University of Adelaide) and eligible for ADR grade

DBA VittaroiA is a fast-developing variety, in SA. Seed is available from Southern Australia
developing at a similar speed to SaintlyA. It is MR Durum Growers Association. (EPR $3.00/t GST ex).
to leaf, stem and Stripe rust and MRMS to Yellow
leaf spot. DBA VittaroiA has good grain size and SaintlyA
low screenings levels consistent with other durum SaintlyA is an awnless durum variety, earlier
varieties. It is shorter in stature than DBA-Aurora A flowering than Kalka  and Tamaroi, and has
with good straw strength and tolerance to lodging. performed very well in dry finishing conditions in
DBA VittaroiA is eligible for ADR grade in SA and SA. SaintlyA has slightly less stem and Leaf rust
was released from Durum Breeding Australia’s resistance compared to HypernoA. SaintlyA is
Northern Node (Tamworth, NSW DPI) in 2017 with eligible for ADR grade in SA. (EPR $3.00/t GST ex).
seed available from Seednet. (EPR $3.63/t GST ex).

INTRO
WestcourtA
DBA-AuroraA WestcourtA has a development speed similar to
DBA-AuroraA is a fast-medium developing variety. It DBA-AuroraA. It is RMR to stem, stripe and Leaf rust
is RMR to stem and strip rust and R to Leaf rust. It is and MRMS to both Yellow leaf spot and Septoria

WHEAT
also MRMS to Yellow leaf spot and MS to Septoria tritici blotch. It has good physical grain quality
tritici blotch. DBA-AuroraA has grain size and characteristics with low screenings. WestcourtA is
screenings levels similar to other varieties available. eligible for ADR in SA and was released by AGT
DBA-AuroraA has also shown good early vigour and in 2019 with seed available through AGT Affiliates,

BARLEY
grass weed competitiveness. Released in 2014 from retailers or through Seed Sharing TM.
the Durum Breeding Australia’s Southern Node (EPR $3.50/t GST ex).

CANOLA
TABLE 12 Disease responses of durum wheats and reaction to common disorders.
Rust Septoria
tritici Yellow leaf Powdery
Variety Stem Stripe Leaf blotch spot mildew Black point CCN

BEANS
Bitalli A
MR RMR MR MRMS MRMS S MRMS MS
DBA Artemis A
MR RMR RMR MRMS MRMS MSS MS MS
DBA-AuroraA RMR RMR R MS MRMS MR MSS MSS
DBA SpesA RMR RMR R MRMS MRMS MS MS MRMS

LUPIN
DBA VittaroiA MR MR MR MRMS MRMS MR MSS S
Saintly A
MR MR MRMS S MRMS MSS MS MS
WestcourtA RMR RMR RMR MRMS MRMS MSS – –
Disease rating codes: R = resistant; MR = moderately resistant; MS = moderately susceptible; S = susceptible; VS = very susceptible; – variety yet to be fully evaluated.
* Provisional rating based on limited NVT data. Ratings provided are primarily from 2018 and earlier with limited updates based on 2019 data.

OAT
Cereal cyst nematode (CCN) resistance refers to the ability of the variety to reduce CCN carryover. Black point is not a disease but is a physiological response to certain humid conditions.
Information on disease reaction was supplied by the Field Crop Pathology Unit (SARDI). Contact Dr Hugh Wallwork: hugh.wallwork@sa.gov.au or Dr Tara Garrard: tara.garrard@sa.gov.au

TABLE 13 Mid North durum wheat yield performance. NVT data 2014–18.
VETCH
Long-term yield expressed as a percentage of mean yield.
Year 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Mean yield t/ha 3.64 2.32 5.71 3.59 1.83
LENTIL

Variety No. trials 2 3 2 2 2

BitalliA 4 – – – 106 117
DBA ArtemisA 6 – – 110 100 105
CHICKPEA

DBA SpesA 6 – – 109 102 106

DBA VittaroiA 6 100 – – 109 106
DBA-Aurora A
11 101 111 109 108 114
SaintlyA 11 105 117 96 109 111
FIELD PEA

Westcourt A
2 – – – – 102

Legend: Mean variety yield performance

Lowest Highest
NOTES

2020 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE 23

WHEAT

TABLE 14 Yorke Peninsula durum wheat yield performance. NVT data 2014–18.
Long-term yield expressed as a percentage of mean yield.
Year 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Mean yield t/ha 3.32 2.08 5.83 3.71 4.34
Variety No. trials 2 3 3 3 2
BitalliA 5 – – – 108 112
DBA ArtemisA 8 – – 114 103 103
DBA SpesA 8 – – 112 103 104
DBA Vittaroi A
7 88 – – 100 103
DBA-AuroraA 13 104 118 112 105 109
SaintlyA 13 97 119 95 102 103
WestcourtA 2 – – – – 105

Legend: Mean variety yield performance

Lowest Highest
USEFUL RESOURCES
More information about the overview of wheat
production in Australian can be found at AEGIC
online: https://www.aegic.org.au/publications/
australian-grains/wheat.
Information about Australian wheat classification
can be found on the Wheat Quality Australia
website: https://wheatquality.com.au.
Information about the Australian wheat trade and
current GTA receival standards can be found on the
Grain Trade Australia website:
http://www.graintrade.org.au.

24 2020 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE

BARLEY
By Kenton Porker, Courtney Peirce, Tara Garrard, Hugh Wallwork and
Phil Davies, SARDI Crop Sciences

INTRO
This sowing guide provides data and guidance It is important that growers contact their grain
on the most suitable barley varieties for sowing marketers of choice to discuss market demand prior

WHEAT
in South Australia in 2020. to sowing a malting variety. Malting barley is grown,
stored and sold on a variety-specific basis and it is
Since publication of the 2019 sowing guide,
important to ascertain if the variety chosen is able to
LeabrookA has been released and RGT PlanetA
be stored and marketed in your area. The preferred
is now an accredited malting variety. New potential

BARLEY
Barley Australia list is updated annually as a guide to
varieties BottlerA and IGB1705T have not yet been
industry on the market-preferred varieties and can
released and are not available for 2020 so are not
be found online at www.barleyaustralia.com.au. The
included in this guide. BassA and FlindersA have
preferred list is determined by marketing companies
been removed from the guide.

CANOLA
and reflects their opinion on which malting varieties
The decision to grow either a malting, food or will be sought by purchasers of Australian malting
feed variety may depend on one or more factors, barley. In many cases a new variety accreditation
including: does not mean the variety will be a preferred
• market demand and malting varietal storage

BEANS
variety until market demand is established. Table 2
segregations in bulk storage facilities; lists some of the current released varieties under
• the difference in payments between malting malt barley evaluation by the Malting and Brewing
and feed grades compared to yield differences; Industry Barley Technical Committee (MBIBTC) in
• the likelihood of producing a malting grade conjunction with Pilot Brewing Australia (PBA) and

LUPIN
barley within malt receival specifications; and Barley Australia, including the anticipated timeline
• disease resistance and agronomic for accreditation. Accreditation is only granted if the
considerations. variety satisfies the selection criteria set by MBIBTC
and Barley Australia (see www.barleyaustralia.

OAT
MARKETING com.au). WestminsterA, while not yet segregated
Growers need to consider which varietal option for malt in SA, has some limited direct marketing
will lead to the greatest profitability. The relative opportunities in the South East and into
difference in the price premium paid for malt relative Port Adelaide.
to feed may counteract the yield difference between VETCH
malt and feed or food varieties. Other scenarios may AGRONOMY
favour high-yielding feed or food varieties where Barley varieties differ in development speed
there is a low probability of achieving malt and a (Figure 1). Most commonly grown varieties fall in the
LENTIL

desire for lower input costs. Among malt and food fast to medium-development range and are best
varieties, differential pricing will be a continuing suited for planting dates after 1 May. In regions of
trend, and growers need to consider market minimal frost risk, varieties can be sown in late April,
premiums and discounts in addition to agronomic
CHICKPEA

particularly in shorter season districts defined by

performance to maximise profitability. Newer food terminal moisture and heat-stress events during
and malt varieties are now offering good yield grain fill. Barley is slightly more frost tolerant than
potential. Varieties accredited and varieties currently wheat; however, there are a limited number of
undergoing malt evaluation now have similar yield varieties with a suitable flowering behaviour for
FIELD PEA

potential as feed varieties, making it worthwhile for sowing before April 25. UrambieA is the only winter
growers to consider including some malting varieties barley and may be better suited for dual purpose
in their cropping program. graze and grain from early April planting but has not
been included for evaluation in NVT in SA.
NOTES

2020 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE 25

BARLEY

TABLE 1 Suitable barley varieties for planting in South Australia.

Listed according to current (2019-20) quality classification grade and alphabetical order, not in order
of preference.
Variety Suitability and significant features
MALTING
CommanderA All areas, except areas prone to net form net blotch, risk of lodging in high yielding environments.
CompassA All areas, at risk with some strains of Leaf rust and lodging in high yielding environments.
GrangerA Medium to high rainfall areas, note limited malting marketing and segregation opportunities in SA.
La TrobeA All areas, note modest early vigour and weed competitiveness especially in light soils.
All areas. Note lower test weights and higher small grain screenings under hot dry finishes and susceptibility to spot form and net form
RGT PlanetA
of net blotch.
All areas except Leaf rust prone areas, now agronomically outclassed, declining industry demand; however, has renewed interest in the
Schooner
craft market.
Scope CLA All areas except where Leaf rust and CCN is a problem. Imidazolinone tolerant.
Spartacus CLA All areas, imidazolinone tolerant. Similar competitive characteristics as HindmarshA.
Westminster A
Higher rainfall and longer season areas, segregations available in South East region.
FOOD
HindmarshA All areas, noting modest early vigour and weed competitiveness especially in light soils.
FEED
BanksA Targeted for medium to high rainfall zones, being evaluated for malt accreditation.
Capstan  Medium to high rainfall areas where very high yields are targeted and test weight is easily achieved.
FathomA All areas, noting susceptibility to net form net blotch.
Fleet AustraliaA All areas, particularly for districts with lower rainfall and light soils noting high net form net blotch risk.
Keel All areas except deep sandy soils of lower fertility and avoid areas prone to Leaf rust. Earliest maturing feed variety.
All areas, similar plant characteristics as CompassA, at risk with some strains of Leaf rust and lodging in high yielding environments.
LeabrookA
Being evaluated for malt accreditation.
LG AlestarA Targeted for medium to high rainfall zones, being evaluated for malt accreditation.
Oxford Medium to high rainfall areas (>400mm). Early sowing.
RosalindA All areas, broadly adapted.

TABLE 2 Released varieties undergoing malt evaluation and expected timeline (Barley Australia).
Variety Year 0 Stage 1 Stage 2 Target decision date
BanksA 2016 (accepted) 2017 (passed) 2019 (held over) November 2019
Leabrook A
2017 (accepted) 2018 (passed) 2019 March 2020
LG AlestarA 2017 (accepted) 2018 (passed) 2019 March 2020

WestminsterA
CommanderA
GrangerA
LG AlestarA
BassA
Scope CLA
Fleet AustraliaA
La TrobeA
FathomA
HindmarshA
LeabrookA
CompassA
Spartacus CLA
RosalindA
Keel

Fast Fast–medium Medium Medium–slow Slow

SOURCE: 2016-2017 SA NVT DATASET

FIGURE 1 Relative speed of development of selected barley varieties sown during

May and June across SA. Varieties are ranked according to time to flower.

26 2020 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE

 BARLEY

TABLE 3 Disease reaction of selected barley varieties.

CCN Net blotch
Powdery
Variety Resistance Tolerance Leaf rust (net form) (spot form) Leaf scald mildew Black point
Banks A
S T MS-S R-MRMS MS-S R-SVS MR-MSS MRMS
BulokeA S T MS-SVS MR MS-S MS-S RMR MS
CommanderA R T MS-S MSS-SVS MSS S-SVS MRMS MSS
CompassA R T SVS MR-MSS MR-MSS MS-SVS MRMS MS
FathomA R T MRMS-S MS-VS RMR R-MS MRMS MSS
Fleet AustraliaA R T MRMS-S S-VS MR MR-SVS MRMS MS
FlindersA S T MRMS-S MRMS S S RMR MRMS
GrangerA S T MR-MS MR-MSS S MS-SVS R MS

INTRO
HindmarshA R T MRMS-S MR-MSS S R-VS MR-S MSS
Keel R T VS MS MR MS-SVS S SVS
La Trobe A
R T MRMS-S MR-MSS MSS R-VS M-S MSS
LeabrookA R T MS-SVS MR-S MS MS-SVS MR-MS MSS

WHEAT
LG AlestarA - T R-MS MR-S MSS MSS-VS RMR MRMS
MaritimeA R T MRMS-S R-VS MRMS MS-S SVS MS
Oxford S T R-MS MR-SVS S MR-SVS R MRMS
RGT PlanetA R T MR-MS MRMS-SVS S R-S R MRMS

BARLEY
RosalindA R T MR MR MS-S MR-SVS RMR-S MSS
Schooner VS T S-VS MR MS MS-S SVS MS
Scope CLA S T MS-SVS MR MS-S MS-S R-MR MS
Spartacus CLA R T MR-S MRMS-S S R-VS MR-S MSS

CANOLA
WestminsterA – T R-MRMS R-S S R-S R MRMS
Disease rating codes: R = resistant; MR = moderately resistant; MS = moderately susceptible; S = susceptible; VS = very susceptible
Ratings provided are primarily from 2017 and have not been updated with new data.
A range of reactions is provided where different strains of the pathogen exist and where the variety may respond differently to them.
Cereal cyst nematode (CCN) tolerance indicates the ability of the variety to grow and yield in the presence of CCN. Resistance refers to the ability of the variety to reduce CCN carryover.
Information on disease reaction was supplied by the Field Crop Pathology Unit (SARDI). Contact Dr Tara Garrard or Dr Hugh Wallwork (08) 8429 2227.

BEANS
DISEASE VARIETY NOTES

LUPIN
Net form net blotch remains a significant disease
LG AlestarA
threat to barley production across South Australia
and growers should refrain from growing barley on LG AlestarA is a variety currently undergoing
barley or planting highly susceptible varieties unless malt accreditation, with a similar maturity to
CommanderA, and is targeted for the medium

OAT
a vigilant fungicide strategy is planned. Newer
releases Spartacus CLA and RGT PlanetA are to high-rainfall regions of SA. LG AlestarA has
susceptible to Spot form net blotch and will need demonstrated a yield improvement compared to
an appropriate fungicide strategy. WestminsterA. More evaluation is required on its
VETCH
adaptation to SA. Seed is available through Elders
Cereal cyst nematode levels should be carefully and through selected seed partners.
monitored where there is a history of growing
susceptible varieties such as Schooner, Scope CLA, BanksA
BulokeA, Oxford and Gairdner . Seed dressings
LENTIL

BanksA is a mid-late maturing barley currently

which have activity on Powdery mildew should undergoing malting accreditation with a decision
be applied to all varieties, susceptible to Powdery delayed until November 2019. BanksA has been
mildew. HindmarshA, La TrobeA, Spartacus CLA and developed by Intergrain and targeted for the
RosalindA are more susceptible to loose smut than
CHICKPEA

medium to high-rainfall environments. BanksA is

other varieties and an appropriate seed smuticide rated R-MRMS for net form net blotch resistance
in addition to foliar control of Powdery mildew and is MS-S to Spot form net blotch. Its long-term
should be considered. yield performance has been four to seven per cent
FIELD PEA

above CommanderA in most SA districts. Seed

is available for planting in 2020 from Intergrain
Seedclub members and resellers.
NOTES

2020 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE 27

BARLEY

CommanderA and is rated MR-MSS for net form net blotch,

CommanderA is a malting quality variety released variable resistance to Leaf rust and Leaf scald, and
by the University of Adelaide in 2008 and susceptibility to Spot form net blotch. Segregation
suitable for domestic, Chinese and South-East and marketing opportunities for malting are
Asian export brewing markets. CommanderA has currently limited in SA. Seed is available from
mid-season maturity and across many seasons Heritage Seeds.
has demonstrated wide adaptation and very
high yield relative to other malting varieties, HindmarshA
particularly in seasons with favourable spring HindmarshA is an early-maturing, semi-dwarf,
finishes. CommanderA has excellent grain food quality variety developed by VicDPI and
plumpness, but generally has lower test weight released in 2006. HindmarshA offers excellent
relative to La TrobeA. CommanderA is resistant to yield potential and grain quality with resistance
CCN but is moderately susceptible to most foliar to CCN, variable resistance to Leaf rust and Leaf
diseases, including net form net blotch. Compared scald and susceptibility to Spot form net blotch.
with La TrobeA, CommanderA has poor straw In 2016 it became MS to net form net blotch in
strength and is prone to lodging in high-yielding some areas. HindmarshA has slow early growth
environments and wet spring conditions. Seed is and a short coleoptile, and attention to seeding
available through Seednet. depth is important in stubble-retained systems.
Where triadimenol seed dressing and pre-
CompassA emergent herbicide is used, research has shown
CompassA has been developed by the University shallow sowing with increased seed rates to be
of Adelaide as an early to mid-season maturing more advantageous than deeper sowing to avoid
accredited malting quality variety. It is closely potential damage. Seed is available from Seednet.
related to CommanderA but is higher yielding. It has
a similar growth habit to CommanderA but is earlier La TrobeA
flowering with typical May sowing and improved net La TrobeA is a malting-accredited variety released
form net blotch resistance. CompassA has similar from Intergrain in 2014 with early maturity and
straw strength to CommanderA and is prone to semi-dwarf growth habit and plant architecture
lodging in high-yielding environments. CompassA very similar to HindmarshA. Its yield and agronomic
is now susceptible (SVS) to a new strain of Leaf rust performance in SA NVT since 2013 has also been
in SA. CompassA has shown good physical grain very similar to HindmarshA with slightly higher yield.
quality with high retention and low screenings and La TrobeA is resistant to CCN but susceptible to
low-moderate test weight. Seed is available from Spot form net blotch and rated moderately resistant
Seednet. to moderately susceptible to net form net blotch
but shows variable resistance to Leaf rust and
FathomA Leaf scald. La TrobeA seed is approved for grower
FathomA is an early-maturing feed quality variety to grower trading and seed is available through
developed using wild barley to improve stress Intergrain Seedclub members.
tolerance and water use efficiency. FathomA has
averaged very high yields similar to HindmarshA, LeabrookA
based on NVT data, since 2010 and shows good LeabrookA is a new variety released in 2019 and
early vigour and weed competitiveness. FathomA has been developed by the University of Adelaide
typically flowers three to four days later than as an early to mid-season developing variety.
HindmarshA with early May sowing and flowers It is currently undergoing evaluation for malt
similar to HindmarshA with later sowings. FathomA accreditation. It is closely related to CompassA
has good levels of resistance to CCN, Powdery but NVT results suggest it is higher yielding. It has
mildew and Spot form net blotch. FathomA has a similar growth habit to CompassA and similar
shown susceptibility to net form net blotch, scald flowering behaviour with typical May sowing.
and Leaf rust. Seed is available from Seednet. LeabrookA has similar straw strength to CompassA
and will be prone to lodging in high-yielding
GrangerA environments. LeabrookA is MS-SVS to Leaf rust
GrangerA is a high-yielding variety accredited for in SA. LeabrookA has shown good physical grain
malting in 2013. It is mid maturing and targeted for quality with high retention and low screenings and
areas with more than 400mm rainfall. GrangerA low-moderate test weight. Seed is available from
has good levels of resistance to Powdery mildew Seednet.

28 2020 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE

 BARLEY

Oxford Spartacus CLA

Oxford is a feed-quality variety which has shown very Spartacus CLA is a malting accredited
high yield potential in seasons with high spring rainfall. imidazolinone-tolerant barley developed by
Oxford can be sown in mid to late-April scenarios. Intergrain and released in 2016 with a similar plant
Oxford has late maturity, good straw strength and type and flowering behaviour to HindmarshA
low shattering. While Oxford is susceptible to CCN, and La TrobeA. Within SA NVT during 2014–17,
Leaf scald and Spot form net blotch, it has good Spartacus CLA has also exhibited similar
resistance to Leaf rust and Powdery mildew. It is also agronomic performance for grain yield and disease
now very susceptible to some strains of net form net resistance profile including resistance to CCN
blotch. Seed is available through Heritage Seeds. and susceptibility to loose smut. It has shown
increased susceptibility to net form net blotch in
RGT PlanetA 2019. Yields have averaged similar to CompassA

INTRO
RGT PlanetA is a direct introduction from Europe across most districts and slightly higher in higher
bred by RAGT seeds. RGT PlanetA is now an yielding districts. Spartacus CLA has consistently
accredited malt variety in Australia. RGT PlanetA averaged more than 15 per cent above the widely
is a mid-season flowering variety, similar to grown imidazolinone-tolerant Scope CLA and has

WHEAT
CommanderA or slightly earlier from May sowing improved grain size. Seed is available for sowing
dates. RGT PlanetA has shown the highest potential from local resellers and Intergrain Seedclub
yield compared to other available barley varieties, members.
particularly in the medium to high-rainfall zones.

BARLEY
RGT PlanetA is susceptible to spot and net form WestminsterA
net blotch. Quality data suggests RGT PlanetA has WestminsterA is a mid to late-maturing variety with
a lower test weight than CommanderA and has a medium-tall, stiff straw. Malting accreditation was
greater tendency for small grain screening under completed in March 2013. WestminsterA now shows

CANOLA
sub-optimal grain fill conditions. Seed is available variable resistance to net form net blotch and Leaf
via Seed Force broadacre commercial partners. scald, has good resistance to black point but is
susceptible to Spot form net blotch. WestminsterA
RosalindA is well suited to the SE of SA and higher rainfall

BEANS
RosalindA is a feed-quality variety released by environments. Contact GrainSearch for details on
Intergrain in 2015. It has been evaluated in SA NVT obtaining seed for 2020.
since 2014 and has demonstrated broad adaptation
to low-yielding environments and very high relative YIELD PERFORMANCE
EXPERIMENTS 2014–18

LUPIN
yields in high-rainfall environments. RosalindA
has a HindmarshA plant type and is slightly faster The yield results presented are multi-environment
to develop than HindmarshA when sown in trial (MET) data shown on a yearly regional group
May. RosalindA has excellent straw strength and mean and a weighted regional mean. All yields are
standability. RosalindA has resistance to CCN, net

OAT
expressed as a percentage of mean yield from
form net blotch, Leaf rust, and variable resistance to NVT data 2014 to 2018 inclusive, along with number
Powdery mildew and Leaf scald but susceptibility to of observations in adjacent columns.
Spot form net blotch. RosalindA seed is approved
for grower to grower trading and seed is available Further results can be found on the NVT website:
www.nvtonline.com.au. VETCH
through Intergrain Seedclub members.

Scope CLA
Scope CLA is a tall, malting-quality, mid-season
LENTIL

maturing, imidazolinone-tolerant barley with

moderate to high-yield potential across a range of
medium-rainfall environments. Its disease resistance
CHICKPEA

profile is very similar to BulokeA with susceptibility

to some strains of Leaf rust but good resistance to
net form net blotch and Powdery mildew. Scope CLA
has registration for use with an appropriate BASF
FIELD PEA

Clearfield® herbicide, and this herbicide tolerance

makes Scope CLA an attractive option for brome and
other grass control, particularly in Mallee-type soils.
Seed is available through Seednet.
NOTES

2020 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE 29

BARLEY

TABLE 4 Lower Eyre Peninsula barley yield performance. NVT data 2014–18.
Long-term yield expressed as a percentage of mean yield.
Year 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Mean yield t/ha 3.74 4.02 4.96 3.29 5.96
Variety No. trials 3 3 3 3 2
MALTING
CommanderA 14 101 97 104 101 99
CompassA 14 110 115 99 109 103
Gairdner 14 89 90 86 90 90
GrangerA 14 97 98 98 97 100
La TrobeA 14 107 111 100 107 103
RGT PlanetA 8 – – 111 107 111
Scope CL A
14 98 98 96 98 97
Spartacus CLA 14 110 114 101 109 104
WestminsterA 12 88 85 94 88 –
FOOD
HindmarshA 14 108 113 99 108 103
FEED
FathomA 14 105 106 102 106 102
Fleet Australia A
14 100 98 101 101 98
Keel 14 103 106 95 103 99
Oxford 14 93 90 102 93 99
RosalindA 14 112 117 107 112 110
PENDING MALT ACCREDITATION
Banks A
11 – 107 105 106 105
BuffA 2 – – – – 102
LeabrookA 11 – 113 107 111 106
LG AlestarA 14 98 98 101 98 101

TABLE 5 Upper Eyre Peninsula barley yield performance. NVT data 2014–18.
Long-term yield expressed as a percentage of mean yield.
Year 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Mean yield t/ha 3.17 2.49 3.98 2.16 2.18
Variety No. trials 4 4 4 2 4
MALTING
CommanderA 18 102 99 101 104 107
CompassA 18 116 119 101 119 120
La TrobeA 18 112 114 102 114 115
RGT PlanetA 10 – – 113 96 98
Scope CLA 18 97 98 97 102 101
Spartacus CLA 18 116 117 99 116 116
FOOD
HindmarshA 18 113 116 100 115 115
FEED
FathomA 18 110 112 110 113 118
Fleet AustraliaA 18 103 103 106 110 115
Keel 18 106 109 101 113 114
RosalindA 18 120 121 108 111 113
PENDING MALT ACCREDITATION
Banks A
14 – 109 104 106 107
BuffA 4 – – – – 115
LeabrookA 14 – 118 105 116 119
LG AlestarA 18 96 95 98 91 89

30 2020 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE

 BARLEY

TABLE 6 Mid North barley yield performance. NVT data 2014–18.

Long-term yield expressed as a percentage of mean yield.
Year 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Mean yield t/ha 4.95 3.34 6.68 4.91 2.53
Variety No. trials 3 3 3 3 2
MALTING
CommanderA 14 98 99 97 100 104
CompassA 14 110 117 94 106 126
FlindersA 14 97 95 96 96 92
Gairdner  14 92 88 90 92 89
14 99 96 102 98 89

INTRO
GrangerA
La TrobeA 14 107 113 97 104 118
RGT PlanetA 8 – – 121 109 101
Scope CLA 14 98 98 94 98 101
Spartacus CLA 14 109 115 95 104 119

WHEAT
WestminsterA 12 90 82 99 92 –
FOOD
HindmarshA 14 108 114 95 104 119
FEED

BARLEY
ExplorerA 14 103 103 108 101 94
FathomA 14 105 110 103 107 123
Fleet AustraliaA 14 99 102 98 103 116
Keel 14 104 108 95 103 120

CANOLA
Oxford 11 93 87 – 95 75
Rosalind A
14 112 119 108 109 118
PENDING MALT ACCREDITATION
BanksA 11 – 108 103 104 108

BEANS
BuffA
2 – – – – 116
LeabrookA 11 – 116 99 107 121
LG AlestarA 14 98 96 103 98 87

LUPIN
Legend: Mean variety yield performance

Lowest Highest

OAT
VETCH
LENTIL
CHICKPEA
FIELD PEA
NOTES

2020 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE 31

BARLEY

TABLE 7 Yorke Peninsula barley yield performance. NVT data 2014–18.

Long-term yield expressed as a percentage of mean yield.
Year 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Mean yield t/ha 4.32 3.25 6.36 4.69 5.05
Variety No. trials 5 5 5 5 3
MALTING
CommanderA 23 102 102 100 100 98
CompassA 23 107 117 96 101 104
Gairdner 23 89 86 91 94 93
Granger A
23 96 94 100 98 98
La TrobeA 23 105 113 98 101 103
RGT PlanetA 13 – – 116 110 111
Scope CLA 23 98 98 96 98 98
Spartacus CLA 23 106 115 96 99 102
Westminster A
20 89 81 97 96 –
FOOD
HindmarshA 23 105 113 97 100 103
FEED
ExplorerA 18 – 99 104 102 103
Fathom A
23 108 113 105 107 108
Fleet AustraliaA 23 104 106 102 104 103
Keel 23 103 109 97 101 103
Oxford 18 94 85 – 99 96
RosalindA 23 111 117 107 106 110
PENDING MALT ACCREDITATION
Banks A
18 – 108 103 103 104
BuffA 3 – – – – 104
LeabrookA 18 – 117 101 103 104
LG AlestarA 23 97 94 101 99 98

TABLE 8 Murray Mallee barley yield performance. NVT data 2014–18.

Long-term yield expressed as a percentage of mean yield.
Year 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Mean yield t/ha 2.44 1.58 5.54 3.66 3.16
Variety No. trials 3 2 2 1 1
MALTING
CommanderA 9 95 95 100 103 106
CompassA 9 120 123 99 97 101
GrangerA 5 97 94 – – –
La Trobe A
9 114 117 100 99 102
RGT PlanetA 4 – – 117 112 109
Schooner 8 96 96 83 86 –
Scope CLA 9 99 99 95 95 97
Spartacus C A 9 116 117 102 101 102
FOOD
HindmarshA 9 117 118 100 99 100
FEED
FathomA 9 111 119 101 99 105
Fleet Australia A 9 101 107 97 97 104
Keel 9 112 117 94 93 98
Oxford 9 84 80 103 104 99
RosalindA 9 120 123 111 107 106
PENDING MALT ACCREDITATION
BanksA 6 – 109 106 104 105
Buff A
1 – – – – 108
Leabrook A
6 – 116 106 106 108

32 2020 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE

 BARLEY

TABLE 9 South East barley yield performance. NVT data 2014–18.

Long-term yield expressed as a percentage of mean yield.
Year 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Mean yield t/ha 3.05 1.62 6.12 5.30 5.32
Variety No. trials 2 2 2 2 2
MALTING
CommanderA 10 101 97 101 99 101
CompassA 10 116 139 93 100 102
Gairdner  8 93 87 88 90 –
Granger A
10 95 92 101 102 100
La TrobeA 10 112 128 96 101 102

INTRO
Navigator 10 88 64 103 95 96
RGT PlanetA 6 – – 117 111 108
Scope CLA 10 100 101 95 96 97
Spartacus CL A
10 113 134 95 102 104

WHEAT
WestminsterA 10 85 67 99 96 94
FOOD
HindmarshA 10 113 132 94 101 102
FEED

BARLEY
Capstan  10 93 78 109 101 100
ExplorerA 10 98 100 105 105 102
FathomA 10 111 118 101 98 101
Fleet AustraliaA 9 106 104 99 95 99

CANOLA
Keel 8 111 122 – 95 98
Oxford 10 85 69 107 103 100
RosalindA 10 113 130 106 108 107
PENDING MALT ACCREDITATION
BanksA 8 – 113 103 104 104

BEANS
BuffA 2 – – – – 102
LeabrookA 8 – 129 101 104 106
LG Alestar A
2 – – – – 101

LUPIN
Legend: Mean variety yield performance

Lowest Highest

OAT
VETCH
LENTIL
CHICKPEA
FIELD PEA
NOTES

2020 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE 33

BARLEY

GRAIN QUALITY PERFORMANCE Retention (% > 2.5mm)

TRENDS 110

Grain quality for individual varieties vary from site 100

to site and from year to year, however, long-term
trends highlight varieties that can consistently 90
achieve either higher test weights, low grain 80
screenings or high grain retention under a wider
range of environments. Figures 2 to 4 aim to 70
demonstrate variety trends in key grain quality 60
traits.

CompassA
BassA
FathomA
Keel
Fleet AustraliaA
CommanderA
RosalindA

HindmarshA
Spartacus CLA
La TrobeA
RGT PlanetA
Scope CLA
BanksA
Test weight (kg/hl)
80

75 FIGURE 3 The median grain retention of varieties

in NVT trials 2016-2017 (see circle on each bar).
70 Varieties are ranked in descending order of grain
retention based on the median value. The bars
65 represent the range in which grain retention have
occurred in 50 per cent of trials. The shorter the bar
60 the more consistent the variety.
Spartacus CLA
La TrobeA
BassA
HindmarshA

RosalindA
CommanderA
Scope CLA
Keel
FathomA
Fleet AustraliaA
CompassA
RGT PlanetA
BanksA

The varieties CompassA and BassA are the

plumpest varieties; however, CompassA is more
consistent. BassA, BanksA and RGT PlanetA were
the most variable in grain plumpness.
FIGURE 2 The median test weight of varieties
in NVT trials 2016-2017 (see circle on each bar).
Varieties are ranked in descending order of grain Grain screenings (% < 2.2mm)
4
test weight based on the median value. The bars
represent the range in which test weights have
3
occurred in 50 per cent of trials. The shorter the
bar the more consistent the variety.
2

The varieties Spartacus CLA, La TrobeA, BassA,

1
HindmarshA and BanksA all maintain relatively high
and consistent test weights. Whereas FathomA,
0
Fleet AustraliaA and CompassA all trend lower
BassA
Fleet AustraliaA
A

RosalindA
Keel
Spartacus CLA
A

La TrobeA
Scope CLA
CommanderA
RGT PlanetA
BanksA
Compass
Fathom

Hindmarsh

and RGT PlanetA has the lowest test weight in this

dataset.

FIGURE 4 The median grain screenings of varieties

in NVT trials 2016-2017 (see circle on each bar).
Varieties are ranked in increasing order of grain
screenings based on the median value. The bars
represent the range in which grain screenings have
occurred in 50 per cent of trials. The shorter the bar
the more consistent the variety.

The varieties BassA, Fleet AustraliaA, CompassA

and FathomA have consistently low grain
screenings. RGT PlanetA has trended higher for
grain screenings and is the most variable. While
not included in these figures, LeabrookA has similar
grain quality trends as CompassA.

34 2020 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE

CANOLA
By Andrew Ware, EPAG Research

INTRO
Since the publication of the 2019 Canola Variety and 50 plants/m2 in mid-maturity trials.
Sowing Guide, several new canola varieties will
All NVT canola trials are treated with flutriafol

WHEAT
be available for production in 2020. Of these, ATR
in-furrow fungicide placed on fertiliser at sowing
Flathead is a new open pollinated triazine-tolerant
for the control of blackleg disease.
(TT) variety and Seed Force advises it will have
several new hybrid TT varieties and one new hybrid Agronomic and disease information for selected

BARLEY
Clearfield® variety released in 2019, but at the time varieties is summarised in Table 1, and Tables 2
of writing these have not been named. Cargill/AWB to 9 summarise relative yield results from NVT in
have released one hybrid Clearfield® variety with different regions.
grain suitable for use as a specialty oil and market

CANOLA
in a closed loop. There may be further variety SPECIALITY TYPES
releases in the months to follow, with seed possibly A number of specialty oil canola varieties are
being available for planting in 2020, but these can’t available for production in South Australia. These
be confirmed at this time. include the Victory® varieties (marketed by AWB/

BEANS
It should be noted that the marketing company Cargill) and Monola® varieties (marketed by
responsible for each of the varieties listed in this Nuseed). These varieties have a different oil profile
document has advised that they are planning to to commodity canola that is more suitable for
have seed available for each of these varieties for use in the food industry. Agronomically, speciality

LUPIN
planting in 2020, but not all varieties that are still canola is the same as commodity canola. Speciality
marketed have been tested in NVT in 2019. Some canola is being offered to growers in closed loop
older varieties have not been evaluated in NVT for marketing systems, attracting a significant premium
several years, but seed remains available. Several price. Production contracts for these varieties are
new varieties are only being evaluated in NVT for available in the South East and Mid North regions.

OAT
the first time in 2019 and no NVT yield data for
these varieties is currently available. WINTER TYPE/GRAIN ‘N’ GRAZE
There are two groups of NVT canola trials CANOLA
VETCH
conducted in South Australia, mid-season and A number of winter type canola varieties are
early-season series. Both sets of trials have similar currently available. These varieties have a high
sowing and harvest times and have a similar vernalisation (or cold) requirement, which means
complement of varieties, although there may be they are capable of producing high quantities of
LENTIL

several early-maturity varieties in the early series biomass before they commence flowering and
that are not tested in the mid series, or vice versa. make use of extended growing seasons. This
The main difference between the series is that the enables them to be grazed over a relatively large
trials are located in areas suited to their maturity, window with often little damage to grain yield.
CHICKPEA

with the majority of the early series in the lower These varieties are not evaluated in NVT; however,
rainfall zone and the mid-season in the medium to they are suited to some environments that have a
high-rainfall zones. long growing season, such as the lower South East
and Kangaroo Island, or in situations where growers
Seeding rates of NVT are adjusted to target
FIELD PEA

are looking to utilise either spring, summer or early

40 plants per square metre in early maturity trials autumn rainfall events. They include Hyola® 970CL,
Edimax CL and Phoenix CL – all Clearfield® tolerant
types.
NOTES

2020 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE 35

CANOLA

TABLE 1 Agronomic and disease information of selected canola: triazine tolerant, imidazolinone tolerant
and conventional varieties.
Blackleg resistance

Variety Licensee Release year Type^ Phenology** Maturity (bare) (+Jockey) Group
TRIAZINE TOLERANT
ATR Bonito A
Nuseed 2013 OP Mid-fast E-EM MS MR A
ATR MakoA Nuseed 2015 OP Mid-fast EM MR-MS R-MR A
ATR-Stingray A
Nuseed 2011 OP Fast E MR-MS R-MR C
ATR WahooA Nuseed 2013 OP Mid-slow ML MS R-MR A
DG 670TT Seednet 2017 Hybrid Mid ML MR R BF
Hyola® 350TT Pacific Seeds 2017 Hybrid Fast E R – ABDF
Hyola® 550TT Pacific Seeds 2018 Hybrid Mid-fast M R-MR – ABDF
Hyola® 559TT Pacific Seeds 2012 Hybrid Mid M MR R ABD
Hyola® 580CT*** Pacific Seeds 2018 Hybrid Fast EM R R BC
Hyola® 650TT Pacific Seeds 2014 Hybrid – ML R – ABD
HyTTec Trident Nuseed 2019 Hybrid Mid-fast E R R ABDF
HyTTec Trophy Nuseed 2017 Hybrid Mid E-EM R-MR R ABD
InVigor® T 3510 BASF 2018 Hybrid Fast E MS MR BF
InVigor® T 4510 BASF 2016 Hybrid Mid-fast EM MR-MS R-MR BF
Monola® 515 TT Nuseed 2015 Spec. Oil – MR R Different
Pioneer® 44T02 TT Pioneer Brand 2016 Hybrid Mid-fast EM R-MR R ABD
Pioneer® 45T03 TT Pioneer Brand 2018 Hybrid Mid-fast M R-MR – ABD
SF Ignite TT Seed Force 2017 Hybrid Mid-slow M-ML MR R-MR BF
SF Spark TT Seed Force 2018 Hybrid Fast E R-MR R ABDF
SF Turbine TT Seed Force 2016 Hybrid Mid EM MR-MS R-MR BF
IMIDAZOLINONE TOLERANT
Banker CL Heritage Seeds 2012 Hybrid Mid-fast M MR R A
Hyola® 575CL Pacific Seeds 2010 Hybrid – M R – BF
Hyola® 970CL Pacific Seeds Hybrid Winter Winter R – H
Phoenix CL AGF Seeds 2018 Hybrid Winter Winter R – B
Pioneer® 43Y92 (CL) Pioneer Brand 2017 Hybrid Mid-fast E R-MR – B
Pioneer® 44Y90 (CL) Pioneer Brand 2016 Hybrid Mid-fast EM R-MR – B
Pioneer® 45Y91 (CL) Pioneer Brand 2016 Hybrid Mid M MR – B
Pioneer® 45Y93 (CL) Pioneer Brand 2018 Hybrid – M R-MR – BC
Saintly CL Heritage Seeds 2017 Hybrid – M MR R B
SF Edimax CL Seed Force Hybrid Winter Winter R-MR – C
Victory® V7001CL Cargill/AWB 2016 Spec. Oil Slow L R-MR R ABF
Victory® V7002CL Cargill/AWB 2018 Spec. Oil – EM MR R ABF
Victory® V75-03CL Cargill/AWB 2019 Spec. Oil – M – R AB*
CONVENTIONAL
AV Garnet Nuseed 2007 OP Mid M MS MR A
Nuseed Diamond Nuseed 2013 Hybrid Fast E MR R ABF
Nuseed Quartz Nuseed 2017 Hybrid Mid M R R ABD
Victory® V3002 Cargill/AWB 2012 Spec. Oil – M R-MR R ABF
^Type: OP = Open Pollinated, Spec. Oil = High Stability Specialty Oil.
** Phenology = time to start of flowering in crops established early (before 20 April). Data source GRDC Optimised Canola Profitability Project.
Maturity: E = early, M = mid, L = late. Data source canola breeding companies.
Blackleg rating key: R = resistant, MR = moderately resistant, MS = moderately susceptible, S= susceptible. Data source GRDC Blackleg Management Guide.
Jockey® seed dressing contains fluquinconazole.
Blackleg resistance group refers to the combinations of blackleg resistance genes carried by each variety. Data source GRDC Blackleg Management Guide.
*** Hyola 580CT is tolerant to both triazine and imidazolinone herbicide chemistries.
* Provisional rating.

36 2020 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE

 CANOLA

ATR MakoA
Early-mid maturity triazine-tolerant open-pollinated
STACKED HERBICIDE TOLERANCE variety. Medium plant height. Suited to medium-high
In 2019 the first variety with stacked herbicide rainfall areas. Blackleg resistance rating of MR-
tolerance (tolerance to at least two modes of action MS (resistance group A). Tested in NVT 2013–18.
herbicides) became available in South Australia, Marketed by Nuseed Pty Ltd. (EPR $5.00/t ex GST).
with the release of Hyola® 580CT (tolerant to both
triazine and imidazolinone herbicides). ATR-StingrayA
Early-maturing open-pollinated variety. Fast to
VARIETAL SELECTION flowering. Short height. Blackleg resistance rating of
The selection of the most suitable canola variety MR-MS (resistance group C). Tested in NVT 2011–18.
Bred by Nuseed Pty Ltd and DPI Victoria. Marketed

INTRO
for a particular situation needs consideration of
maturity, herbicide tolerance, blackleg resistance, by Nuseed Pty Ltd.
relative yield, oil content and early vigour.
ATR WahooA
• The weed species expected may dictate the Mid-maturity open-pollinated variety. Medium plant

WHEAT
need for a herbicide-tolerant production system height. Blackleg rating of MS (resistance group A).
(e.g. triazine tolerant or Clearfield® or Roundup Suited to medium-high rainfall areas. Tested in
Ready®/rulex). It should be noted that a triazine- NVT 2012–17. Marketed by Nuseed.
tolerant variety will incur a yield and oil penalty (EPR $5.00/t ex GST).

BARLEY
when grown in situations where they are not
warranted. DG 670TT
• Blackleg has the potential to be a very A mid-late maturity triazine-tolerant hybrid. Medium
destructive disease in canola and its to tall plant height. Suited to medium-high rainfall

CANOLA
management through varietal selection, areas. Blackleg resistance of MR (resistance
fungicides and cultural practices are important group BF). Tested in NVT in 2016–19. Marketed by
in maximising yield potential. Varietal blackleg Landmark and Seednet.
resistance and/or fungicide use should be

BEANS
considered, particularly when rotations are close. Hyola® 350TT
• Recent research has found that early-seeding Early-maturing hybrid. Medium to medium-short
canola has the potential to maximise water use plant height. Suited to low-medium rainfall zones.
efficiency. If canola is planted earlier than the Blackleg resistance rating of R (resistance groups

LUPIN
traditional window of late April to early May, it ABDF). Tested in NVT in 2016–19. Bred and
is important to consider matching the variety’s marketed by Pacific Seeds.
flowering time with the early seeding date, so
that biomass is maximised, and frost and heat risk Hyola® 550TT

OAT
are minimised. To do this, planting fast-flowering Mid-early maturing triazine-tolerant hybrid. Medium
varieties in the medium and high-rainfall areas in plant height. Suited to medium-high-rainfall areas.
early to mid-April should be avoided. Blackleg resistance rating R-MR, (resistance groups
ABDF). Tested in NVT 2018-19. Bred and marketed
TRIAZINE-TOLERANT VARIETIES by Pacific Seeds. VETCH

ATR BonitoA Hyola® 559TT

Early to mid-season maturing open-pollinated Mid-early maturing hybrid. Medium plant height.
LENTIL

variety. Short-medium height. Suited to low-medium Suited to low-medium through to high rainfall areas.
rainfall areas. Blackleg resistance rating of MS Blackleg resistance rating of MR, (resistance groups
(resistance group A). Tested in NVT 2012–18. ABD). Tested in NVT trials in 2012–19. Bred and
Marketed by Nuseed. (EPR $5.00/t ex GST). marketed by Pacific Seeds.
CHICKPEA

ATR Flathead – new release Hyola® 650TT

Early maturing open pollinated variety. Replacement Mid to mid-late maturing hybrid. Medium-tall plant
for ATR-StingrayA. Short-medium height. Suited height. Suited to medium-high rainfall areas.
FIELD PEA

to low-medium rainfall areas. Blackleg resistance Blackleg resistance rating of R (resistance groups
rating of MR (resistance group unknown). Tested in ABD). Tested in NVT in 2013–18. Bred and marketed
NVT trials 2018-19. Marketed by Nuseed. by Pacific Seeds.
(EPR $5.00/t ex GST)
NOTES

2020 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE 37

CANOLA

TABLE 2 Lower Eyre Peninsula mid-season canola.

TRIAZINE TOLERANT
Year 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Mean yield t/ha 1.87 2.06 2.64
Variety No. trials 2 2 1
ATR Bonito A
3 – 100 100
ATR MakoA 5 98 100 94
ATR-StingrayA 2 95 – –
ATR WahooA 5 95 106 104

Abandoned
Not sown
DG 560TT 1 – – 101
Hyola® 350TT 1 – – 113
Hyola® 559TT 3 – 107 103
Hyola® 650TT 5 106 113 107
Pioneer® 44T02 TT 2 – 102 –
Pioneer® 45T01TT 1 – 102 –
CLEARFIELD®
Mean yield t/ha 2.07 2.64
Variety No. trials 2 1
Banker CL 3 106 121
Hyola® 575CL 3 91 92
Pioneer® 43Y92 (CL) 1 – 116
Abandoned

Abandoned
Not sown
Pioneer® 44Y90 (CL) 3 110 120
Pioneer® 45Y91 (CL) 1 – 115
Saintly CL 3 100 116
Victory® V7002CL 0 – –
CONVENTIONAL
Mean yield t/ha 1.87 91 92
Variety No. trials 2 2 1
AV Garnet 5 88 96 97

Abandoned
Not sown
Nuseed Diamond 5 104 91 102
Nuseed Quartz 1 – – 113
Victory® V3002 5 91 97 83
SOURCE: SARDI/GRDC, NVT 2014–2018 MET DATA ANALYSIS BY STATISTICS FOR THE AUSTRALIAN GRAINS INDUSTRY (SAGI)

NVT are not designed to allow comparison of varieties between herbicide-tolerance groups.
Unseasonal conditions in 2017 resulted in no NVT canola trials being planted on LEP.

HyTTec® Trident InVigor® T 3510

An early-maturity hybrid canola. Medium-tall plant Early-maturing hybrid. Blackleg resistance rating of
height. Blackleg rating of R (resistance group ABDF). MS (resistance group BF). Tested in NVT 2018-19.
Tested in NVT 2017–19. Release for 2020 season. Marketed by BASF.
HyTTec® Trident is marketed with an EPR of
$10/tonne, but at a reduced seed price compared InVigor® T 4510
to other hybrid varieties. Bred and marketed by Mid-season hybrid variety. Medium plant height.
Nuseed. Suited to medium-rainfall areas. Blackleg resistance
rating of MR-MS (resistance group BF). Tested in
HyTTec® Trophy NVT in 2016–19. Marketed by BASF.
An early to mid-maturity hybrid canola. Medium-tall
plant height. Blackleg rating of R-MR (resistance Monola® 314TT
group ABD). Testing in NVT 2017–19. Released for Early-maturing specialty oil open-pollinated variety.
2018 season. HyTTec® Trophy is marketed with Medium planted height. No current blackleg rating
an EPR of $10/tonne, but a reduced seed price (resistance group different). Tested in NVT in
compared to other hybrid varieties. Bred and 2013–15. Bred and marketed by Nuseed Pty Ltd.
marketed by Nuseed. A premium payment will apply to Monola 314TT.
Must be delivered to Glencore Grain at Tarlee and
Coomandook.

38 2020 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE

 CANOLA

TABLE 3 Mid North mid-season canola.

TRIAZINE TOLERANT
Year 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Mean yield t/ha 2.35 1.76 2.80 2.34 1.34
Variety No. trials 3 3 3 3 1
ATR Bonito A
12 98 96 99 98 96
ATR MakoA 12 98 96 95 99 100
ATR-StingrayA 9 99 98 106 93 86
ATR WahooA 7 95 90 98 98 –
DG 670TT 6 – – 114 109 105
Hyola® 350TT 3 – – 113 108 112

INTRO
Hyola® 550TT 1 – – – – 114
Hyola® 559TT 13 106 110 104 108 115
Hyola® 580CT 2 – – – 103 103
Hyola® 650TT 11 103 103 103 108 109

WHEAT
HyTTec Trident 2 – – – 123 131
HyTTec Trophy 4 – – – 116 119
InVigor® T 4510 7 – – 118 112 113
Monola® 314TT 6 90 84 – – –

BARLEY
Monola® 515TT 10 88 80 85 86 –
Pioneer® 44T02 TT 7 – 114 108 107 113
Pioneer® 45T03 TT 1 – – – – 97
SF Ignite TT 6 – – 118 108 102

CANOLA
SF Turbine TT 10 – 114 115 106 107
CLEARFIELD®
Mean yield t/ha 2.35 1.76 2.8 2.34 1.34
Variety No. trials 3 3 3 3 1
Banker CL 12 107 111 118 104 101

BEANS
Hyola® 575CL 13 95 93 94 93 90
Pioneer® 43Y92 (CL) 6 – – 117 107 110
Pioneer® 44Y90 (CL) 10 – 114 117 108 109
Pioneer® 45Y91 (CL) 8 105 – 112 103 –

LUPIN
Pioneer® 45Y93 (CL) 3 – – – 109 –
Saintly CL 9 – 119 118 106 –
Victory® V7002CL 2 – – – 98 –
CONVENTIONAL

OAT
Mean yield t/ha 2.35 1.80 2.92 1.97
Variety No. trials 1 1 1 1
AV Garnet 4 82 82 87 79
Nuseed Diamond 4 109 107 110 102

VETCH
Nuseed Quartz 2 – – 115 115
Victory® V3002 3 91 88 82 –
SOURCE: SARDI/GRDC, NVT 2014–2018 MET DATA ANALYSIS BY STATISTICS FOR THE AUSTRALIAN GRAINS INDUSTRY (SAGI)

NVT are not designed to allow comparison of varieties between herbicide-tolerance groups.
LENTIL
CHICKPEA
FIELD PEA
NOTES

2020 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE 39

CANOLA

Monola® 515TT Pioneer 45T03 (TT)

A mid to late-maturing specialty oil open-pollinated A mid-maturing triazine-tolerant hybrid. Medium
variety. Blackleg rating of MR (resistance group plant height. Suited to medium-high rainfall areas.
different). Tested in NVT in 2014–17. Bred and Blackleg resistance rating of R-MR (resistance group
marketed by Nuseed Pty Ltd. A premium payment ABD). Tested in NVT 2018-19. Marketed by Pioneer
will apply to Monola 515TT. Must be delivered to Brand Seeds.
Glencore Grain at Tarlee and Coomandook.
SF Ignite TT
Pioneer 44T02 (TT) Mid-maturing hybrid. Suited to medium to high-
An early to mid-maturing hybrid variety. Medium rainfall zones. Medium plant height Blackleg
plant height. Suited to low-medium rainfall areas. resistance rating MR (resistance group BF). Tested
Blackleg resistance rating of R-MR (resistance in NVT 2016–19. Marketed by Seed Force.
group ABD). Tested in NVT in 2015–18. Marketed by
Pioneer Brand Seeds.

TABLE 4 Yorke Peninsula mid-season canola.

TRIAZINE TOLERANT
Year 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Mean yield t/ha 2.49 2.42 2.75 3.10
Variety No. trials 1 1 1 1
ATR BonitoA 3 97 98 97 –
ATR MakoA 4 100 99 96 100
ATR-StingrayA 4 89 96 96 94
DG 560TT 3 – 103 105 101
DG 670TT 2 – – 111 109
Hyola® 350TT 1 – – – 105

Abandoned
Hyola® 450TT 2 104 102 – –
Hyola® 559TT 4 112 107 111 106
Hyola® 580CT 1 – – – 103
Hyola® 650TT 4 109 104 106 107
HyTTec Trophy 1 – – – 113
InVigor T 4510 2 – – 119 110
Monola® 515TT 3 81 88 78 –
Pioneer® 44T02 TT 3 – 107 113 104
SF Ignite TT 2 – – 112 108
SF Turbine TT 3 – 106 114 104
CLEARFIELD®
Mean yield t/ha 2.49 2.42 2.75 3.10
Variety No. trials 1 1 1 1
Banker CL 4 103 105 112 103
Hyola® 575CL 4 91 95 91 94
Pioneer® 43Y92 (CL) 1 – – 117 –
Abandoned

Pioneer® 44Y90 (CL) 2 – 108 – 106

Pioneer® 45Y88 (CL) 3 99 99 99 –
Pioneer® 45Y91 (CL) 3 102 – 108 102
Pioneer® 45Y93 (CL) 1 – – – 108
Saintly CL 3 – 108 117 103
Victory® V7002CL 1 – – – 99
CONVENTIONAL
Mean yield t/ha 2.49 2.42 2.75 3.10
Variety No. trials 1 1 1 1
Abandoned

AV Garnet 4 84 91 83 94
Nuseed Diamond 4 102 103 108 98
Nuseed Quartz 2 – – 116 107
Victory® V3002 3 94 93 85 –
SOURCE: SARDI/GRDC, NVT 2014–2018 MET DATA ANALYSIS BY STATISTICS FOR THE AUSTRALIAN GRAINS INDUSTRY (SAGI)
NVT are not designed to allow comparison of varieties between herbicide-tolerance groups.

40 2020 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE

 CANOLA

TABLE 5 South East mid-season canola.

TRIAZINE TOLERANT
Year 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Mean yield t/ha 1.23 0.98 2.70 3.23 2.56
Variety No. trials 3 3 1 2 1
ATR Bonito A
9 96 95 98 100 98
ATR MakoA 9 96 97 95 100 100
ATR WahooA 9 85 85 96 103 97
DG 670TT 4 – – 112 111 104
Hyola® 350TT 3 – – 114 104 106
Hyola® 550TT 1 – – – – 107

INTRO
Hyola® 559TT 10 111 116 104 105 107
Hyola® 580CT 2 – – – 103 102
Hyola® 650TT 9 101 105 102 108 106
HyTTec® Trident 1 – – – – 116

WHEAT
HyTTec® Trophy 3 – – – 113 110
InVigor® T 3510 1 – – – – 103
InVigor® T 4510 4 – – 118 110 108
Monola® 515TT 8 79 73 85 91 –

BARLEY
Pioneer® 44T02 TT 6 – 119 109 102 106
Pioneer® 45T03 TT 1 – – – – 99
SF Ignite TT 4 – – 117 110 102
SF Turbine TT 4 – 115 115 104 104

CANOLA
CLEARFIELD®
Mean yield t/ha 1.23 0.97 2.70 3.21 2.56
Variety No. trials 3 3 1 2 1
Banker CL 8 110 108 117 104 101
Hyola® 575CL 10 93 90 94 94 95

BEANS
Pioneer® 43Y92 (CL) 3 – – 118 102 105
Pioneer® 44Y90 (CL) 7 – 115 116 107 105
Pioneer® 45Y91 (CL) 4 108 – – 103 101
Pioneer® 45Y93 (CL) 2 – – – 109 –

LUPIN
Saintly CL 7 – 122 119 101 104
Victory® V7002CL 3 – – – 100 99
CONVENTIONAL
Mean yield t/ha 1.23 0.97 2.70 3.21 2.56

OAT
Variety No. trials 3 3 1 2 1
AV Garnet 10 79 74 92 96 90
Nuseed Diamond 10 116 114 109 95 101
Nuseed Quartz 4 – – 112 107 107

VETCH
Victory® V3002 8 82 83 83 – 97
SOURCE: SARDI/GRDC, NVT 2014–2018 MET DATA ANALYSIS BY STATISTICS FOR THE AUSTRALIAN GRAINS INDUSTRY (SAGI)

NVT are not designed to allow comparison of varieties between herbicide-tolerance groups.
LENTIL
CHICKPEA
FIELD PEA
NOTES

2020 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE 41

CANOLA

TABLE 6 Upper Eyre Peninsula early-season canola.

TRIAZINE TOLERANT
Year 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Mean yield t/ha 1.31 1.55 1.36 1.16
Variety No. trials 2 2 2 2
ATR Bonito A
8 101 100 98 97
ATR-StingrayA 8 113 103 99 87
Hyola® 350TT 2 – – – 114
Hyola® 559TT 8 112 108 105 111

Not sown
HyTTec® Trident 2 – – – 123
HyTTec® Trophy 2 – – – 109
InVigor® T 3510 2 – – – 107
InVigor® T 4510 4 – – 107 117
Pioneer® 44T02 TT 6 – 106 107 112
CLEARFIELD®
Mean yield t/ha 1.31 1.55 1.35 1.16
Variety No. trials 2 2 2 2
Banker CL 4 – 91 115 –
Hyola® 575CL 8 107 102 95 95

Not sown
Pioneer® 43Y92 (CL) 4 – – 109 112
Pioneer® 44Y90 (CL) 6 – 109 111 111
Saintly CL 2 – 107 – –
Victory® V7002CL 2 – – – 105
CONVENTIONAL
Mean yield t/ha 0.89 1.49 1.68 1.37
Variety No. trials 1 1 1 1
AV Garnet 4 86 88 95 82

Not sown
Nuseed Diamond 4 147 120 105 109
Nuseed Quartz 2 – – 110 112
Victory® V3002 3 – 103 88 91
SOURCE: SARDI/GRDC, NVT 2014–2018 MET DATA ANALYSIS BY STATISTICS FOR THE AUSTRALIAN GRAINS INDUSTRY (SAGI)

NVT are not designed to allow comparison of varieties between herbicide-tolerance groups.
Unseasonal conditions in 2017 resulted in no NVT canola trials being planted on UEP.

42 2020 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE

 CANOLA

TABLE 7 Yorke Peninsula early-season canola.

TRIAZINE TOLERANT
Year 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Mean yield t/ha 2.15 1.68 2.69 2.75 1.34
Variety No. trials 1 1 1 1 1
ATR BonitoA 5 99 98 97 99 97
ATR MakoA 2 99 101 – – –
ATR-Stingray A
5 96 100 89 100 78
DG 670TT 1 – – – – 103
Hyola® 350TT 2 – – – 106 111
Hyola® 559TT 4 111 113 107 – 117
HyTTec® Trident 1 – – – 118

INTRO
HyTTec® Trophy 2 – – – 110 106
InVigor® T 3510 1 – – – – 114
InVigor® T 4510 3 – – 113 106 124
Monola® 515TT 2 81 76 – – –

WHEAT
Pioneer® 44T02 TT 4 – 113 109 106 114
Pioneer® 45T03 TT 1 – – – – 90
SF Turbine TT 4 – 105 109 101 124
CLEARFIELD®

BARLEY
Mean yield t/ha 2.15 1.68 2.69 2.75 1.34
Variety No. trials 1 1 1 1 1
Banker CL 3 – 104 107 107 –
Hyola® 575CL 5 101 97 94 97 99

CANOLA
Pioneer® 43Y92 (CL) 3 – – 109 107 111
Pioneer® 44Y90 (CL) 4 – 118 108 109 108
Saintly CL 2 – 116 – 108 –
Victory® V7002CL 2 – – – 102 123

BEANS
SOURCE: SARDI/GRDC, NVT 2014–2018 MET DATA ANALYSIS BY STATISTICS FOR THE AUSTRALIAN GRAINS INDUSTRY (SAGI)
NVT are not designed to allow comparison of varieties between herbicide-tolerance groups.

TABLE 8 Mallee early-season canola.

TRIAZINE TOLERANT

LUPIN
Year 2015 2016 2017 2018
Mean yield t/ha 0.48 1.44 1.31 0.52
Variety No. trials 1 1 1 1
HyTTec® Trident 1 – – – 177

OAT
HyTTec® Trophy 2 – – 113 147
Hyola® 350TT 2 – – 108 100
Pioneer® 44T02 TT 4 119 107 107 114
InVigor® T 4510 3 – 108 106 106

VETCH
Hyola® 559TT 3 119 101 – 118
InVigor® T 3510 1 – – – 125
ATR-StingrayA 3 107 96 – 124
SF Turbine TT 2 – – 100 94
LENTIL

ATR BonitoA 4 98 97 99 101

Monola® 515TT 1 62 – – –
CLEARFIELD®
Mean yield t/ha 0.48 1.44 1.31 0.52
CHICKPEA

Variety No. trials 1 1 1 1

Banker CL 3 107 139 112 –
Pioneer® 44Y90 (CL) 4 131 112 112 130
Saintly CL 3 127 – 111 124
FIELD PEA

Pioneer® 43Y92 (CL) 3 – 110 109 121

Victory® V7002CL 1 – – – 141
Hyola® 575CL 4 97 89 97 106
SOURCE: SARDI/GRDC, NVT 2014–2018 MET DATA ANALYSIS BY STATISTICS FOR THE AUSTRALIAN GRAINS INDUSTRY (SAGI)
NVT are not designed to allow comparison of varieties between herbicide-tolerance groups.
NOTES

NVT canola trials were not conducted in the SA Mallee Region prior to 2015

2020 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE 43

CANOLA

TABLE 9 South East early-season canola.

TRIAZINE TOLERANT
Year 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Mean yield t/ha 0.36 0.66 2.38 1.73 1.50
Variety No. trials 1 1 1 1 1
ATR Bonito A
5 106 91 99 99 98
ATR MakoA 2 85 102 – – –
ATR-StingrayA 5 143 63 102 102 96
DG 670TT 1 – – – – 104
Hyola® 350TT 2 – – – 107 111
Hyola® 559TT 4 131 141 106 – 112
HyTTec® Trident 1 – – – – 136
HyTTec® Trophy 2 – – – 112 117
InVigor® T 3510 1 – – – – 111
InVigor® T 4510 3 – – 107 105 114
Monola® 515TT 2 48 27 – – –
Pioneer® 44T02 TT 4 – 142 108 106 112
Pioneer® 45T03 TT 1 – – – – 105
SF Turbine TT 4 – 142 99 100 107
CLEARFIELD®
Mean yield t/ha 0.36 0.66 2.38 1.73 1.50
Variety No. trials 1 1 1 1 1
Banker CL 3 – 92 116 111 –
Hyola® 575CL 5 130 87 96 97 97
Pioneer® 43Y92 (CL) 3 – – 111 108 114
Pioneer® 44Y90 (CL) 4 – 140 114 111 116
Saintly CL 2 – 133 – 110 –
Victory® V7002CL 2 – – – 101 111
CONVENTIONAL
Mean yield t/ha 0.36 0.66 2.38 1.73 1.50
Variety No. trials 1 1 1 1 1
AV Garnet 5 73 36 93 94 83
Nuseed Diamond 5 215 152 109 108 120
Nuseed Quartz 3 – – 113 110 115
Victory® V3002 3 – 80 87 – 92
SOURCE: SARDI/GRDC, NVT 2014–2018 MET DATA ANALYSIS BY STATISTICS FOR THE AUSTRALIAN GRAINS INDUSTRY (SAGI)
NVT are not designed to allow comparison of varieties between herbicide-tolerance groups.

44 2020 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE

FABA BEAN
By Amanda Pearce, Rohan Kimber and Sara Blake, SARDI, and Jeff Paull, University of Adelaide

INTRO
Two faba bean varieties were released in the spring available from the commercial partner Seednet.
of 2018, PBA BendocA and PBA MarneA, and an
Faba beans are cross-pollinated by bees. Seed

WHEAT
additional variety, PBA AmberleyA, is to be available
crops should be isolated from other varieties by at
in 2020.
least 200m to minimise the risk of cross-pollination
PBA AmberleyA is a later flowering variety that and maintain genetic purity of the variety. This is
has yielded well in districts with a longer growing particularly important for specific traits such as

BARLEY
season. It has a very good overall level of disease resistance and seed quality.
disease resistance and is resistant (MR-R) to both
pathotypes of Ascochyta blight and has a higher VARIETIES AND MARKET
level of resistance (MR) to Chocolate spot than all PREFERENCES

CANOLA
other varieties. Plants have very good standing
Australian faba beans are preferred by the Middle
ability with a low incidence of ‘necking’. Seed is
East human consumption market, although
medium in size and suitable for co-mingling with
competition for market share from France, the
other medium-sized varieties. Seed is available from
United Kingdom and, more recently, the Baltic

BEANS
the commercial partner Seednet.
states occurs. To access the export human food
PBA BendocA is the first faba bean variety with a markets, Australian beans must be of a high quality
high level of tolerance to some Group B herbicides. and free from mechanical damage, weathering
The Group B herbicide tolerance will not only and disease staining and storage problems. Faba

LUPIN
increase the options for control of broad leaf beans darken over time while in storage and seed
weeds within crop, but also enable the variety to can become unsuitable for the export market after
be grown where residues persist from application about nine months.
to a previous crop. Note that permits, product label
FarahA, NuraA and Fiesta VF varieties are well

OAT
rates, plant-back periods and all label directions for
accepted in the Middle East. Seed of PBA SamiraA,
use must be adhered too.
PBA BendocA, PBA MarneA and PBA AmberleyA
PBA BendocA has similar yield compared to the are of similar size and acceptance is expected by
other major faba bean varieties grown in southern the same markets.
Australia and is resistant (MR-R) to both pathotypes VETCH
Market signals indicate that small-seeded faba bean
of Ascochyta blight. Seed is small-medium in size
varieties, such as the old Fiord and Ascot varieties,
and suited to the Middle East markets. Seed is
are no long desired in the Middle East. Mixing
available from the commercial partner Seednet.
LENTIL

smaller seeded varieties into the accepted larger

PBA MarneA is an early-flowering, high-yielding faba ‘Fiesta grade’ will downgrade the overall quality of
bean that has shown adaptation to the lower rainfall the product.
and short season areas in southern Australia where
The medium seed size ‘Fiesta grade‘ is expected
CHICKPEA

yield is generally greater than current cultivars.

to remain the dominant quality type as it is currently
PBA MarneA offers potential to expand faba bean
well accepted in the Middle East market and is
production into areas currently considered marginal
easier to manage for on-farm operations.
and to improve reliability in established areas during
FIELD PEA

below-average rainfall seasons. Seed is light brown PBA Rana A seed is larger than other varieties
and medium in size and suitable for co-mingling and considered to be of high quality by the major
with the current faba bean varieties for export to Egyptian market, representing a different grain
the major food markets in the Middle East. Seed is category for faba bean production and marketing
NOTES

2020 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE 45

BEANS

in Australia. PBA ZahraA should be suitable to Rust can be an occasional problem in faba beans
co-mingle with PBA RanaA for a medium-large in seasons favouring disease outbreaks and can
bean category for export market to the major food cause significant yield loss. The disease can survive
markets in the Middle East. over summer on volunteer bean plants, and crops
need to be monitored to reduce the impact of rust
Product that does not meet export standards or
on production. FarahA, Fiesta VF and PBA BendocA
is surplus to demand is consumed domestically
are susceptible to rust, often displaying more
in stockfeed rations, often at lower prices. Sound
pronounced symptoms than NuraA, PBA RanaA,
beans are also finding a place in many integrated
PBA SamiraA and PBA ZahraA which are moderately
cropping and grazing enterprises as a means of
susceptible. PBA MarneA is MR to rust. Early sown
finishing lambs on farm. Strong demand by graziers
crops are at greater risk, or where beans are sown
for feed beans can occur in dry conditions.
adjacent to the previous year’s bean stubble.
Disease control using suitable fungicides may
VARIETIES AND DISEASE be required before flowering, coinciding with the
MANAGEMENT time Chocolate spot management is also being
In growing regions or seasonal conditions that implemented.
favour Chocolate spot development, all varieties
Cercospora leaf spot continues to be widely
require a protective fungicide spray before
reported in faba beans. The disease is soil borne
canopy closure, and often when the crop is at the
and typically occurs in paddocks with a history
early flowering stage. Additional applications will
of faba beans in the rotation, particularly where
be required if wet conditions favour epidemics,
they have been grown in close rotation (less than
particularly when early disease symptoms are
four to six years) or within close proximity of these
evident, soil moisture is high and dense canopy
paddocks. Early control (five to eight weeks post
growth retains moisture levels within the canopy.
sowing) with carbendazim or tebuconazole is most
Chocolate spot typically develops during early
effective in preventing disease establishment and
spring as temperatures increase; however, it can
consequent yield loss from Cercospora leaf spot.
establish in crops earlier, so faba beans should
All current faba bean varieties are susceptible,
be monitored from later winter. PBA AmberleyA
thus early preventative control measures are best
is moderately resistant to Chocolate spot and will
practice.
require less fungicide applications to control the
disease compared to all other varieties. The Australian Pulse Bulletin – Faba Bean
Integrated Disease Management, published by
A shift in virulence for Ascochyta blight has seen
Pulse Australia, contains the latest information on
the disease rating for Ascochyta blight separated
disease management in faba beans, and can be
into two pathotypes. The older form, pathotype 1,
found at: http://www.pulseaus.com.au/growing-
is widely distributed in the southern region, whilst
pulses/bmp/faba-and-broad-bean/idm-strategies.
the newer form, pathotype 2, was initially identified
in the mid-north of SA but is now widespread
throughout south eastern Australia. Resistant HARVEST
varieties allow growers to be more reactive to In high biomass production situations, lodging can
Ascochyta blight than with susceptible varieties, and become an issue. Conversely, crops with short
disease management strategies can be based on canopies can cause problems with low harvest
monitoring levels in high-risk situations. height, particularly in varieties that produce bottom
pods close to the ground.
PBA AmberleyA, NuraA, PBA BendocA and PBA
SamiraA are resistant (MR-R) to both pathotypes. Physical damage of bean seed has resulted in
The old varieties, Farah A and Fiesta VF are marketing downgrades in recent years, and needs
susceptible to AB while PBA MarneA, PBA RanaA to be managed. Bud worm needs early monitoring
and PBA ZahraA are MR-MS to this disease. and control, even in seasons with below-average
Prophylactic fungicides are recommended in rainfall. Growers should harvest beans when they
S, MS and MR-MS varieties during early and have a high moisture content (12 to 14 per cent) to
vegetative growth to prevent or minimise disease avoid breakage and handle the beans carefully
establishment. Additional fungicides will most likely when shifting them.
be required, especially in seasons favourable to
disease epidemics, particularly during podding to
prevent seed staining.

46 2020 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE

 BEANS

Crop-topping of faba beans can make them more small-medium sized, light brown seeds that are
vulnerable to seed staining, particularly if rain falls comparable in size to NuraA. PBA BendocA seed
soon after application. Crop-topping too early or can be co-mingled with these other varieties for the
using products or rates that cause crops to dry Middle East market. PBA BendocA is licensed to
down quickly can exacerbate the issue. Maturity of Seednet and an end point royalty applies.
current faba bean varieties are not as well suited to
crop-topping as the industry would like, particularly PBA MarneA
in better seasons, hence all grain may not be PBA MarneA (evaluated as AF09169) was
mature when the ryegrass is ready to top. developed by the PBA Faba bean breeding
program led by University of Adelaide. It is the
NOTES ON FABA BEAN VARIETIES result of a complex cross between four parents of
diverse origins. PBA MarneA is an early-flowering

INTRO
PBA AmberleyA faba bean variety that is well suited to lower
PBA AmberleyA is a faba bean breeding line that rainfall or short-season environments of southern
is to be released for commercial production in Australia. It is the earliest flowering variety, with
2020. It is a later flowering type and has shown maturity similar to PBA SamiraA. It is medium-short

WHEAT
good adaptation in higher rainfall and longer in height. The overall disease-resistance profile of
growing season environments in the south-east PBA MarneA is improved compared to Fiesta VF
and mid-north of SA and in the western districts and FarahA, being rated MR-R to Ascochyta blight
of Victoria. PBA AmberleyA has an improved level pathotype 1, MS-MR to pathotype 2 and MR to rust.

BARLEY
of disease resistance compared to all other faba It is rated S to Chocolate spot and Cercospora leaf
bean varieties. It is MR-R to both Ascochyta blight spot. PBA MarneA produces medium-sized seeds
pathotypes 1 and 2, but the major improvement in that are comparable in size to PBA Samira A. The
disease resistance compared to other varieties is overall colour of seed is similar to other major bean

CANOLA
in its response to Chocolate spot, where it is rated varieties. PBA MarneA seed can be co-mingled with
MR. The improvement in disease resistance should these other varieties for the Middle East market.
assist in reliability of production in high-yielding PBA MarneA is licensed to Seednet and an end
situations where foliar diseases are a significant point royalty applies.
risk. Seed of PBA AmberleyA is similar in size to

BEANS
PBA SamiraA and PBA MarneA and should be PBA ZahraA
suitable to co-mingle with these other varieties. PBA ZahraA (evaluated as AF05095 and the
Plants of PBA AmberleyA have very good standing re-selection AF05095-1) is the result of a cross
ability and a low incidence of ‘necking’. PBA between FarahA and an accession 920/3, which

LUPIN
AmberleyA is commercialised by Seednet and an originated from Morocco. It has shown wide
end point royalty applies. adaptation throughout southern Australia and
is very responsive to high-yielding situations.
PBA BendocA PBA ZahraA seed is uniform large size and colour

OAT
PBA BendocA was developed by the University of and should be suitable to co-mingle with
Adelaide, in collaboration with SARDI. Tolerance PBA RanaA for a medium-large faba bean category
to imidazolinone herbicides was developed by for the Egyptian market. PBA ZahraA is mid
conventional mutation breeding techniques in flowering, similar to NuraA, PBA RanaA and PBA
NuraA. A herbicide-tolerant selection was crossed SamiraA and mid maturity similar to PBA RanaA. It is VETCH
with PBA SamiraA and PBA BendocA was derived a medium-tall plant similar to PBA RanaA and taller
from the progeny of this cross. It has been selected than other varieties. It is rated MR-R to pathotype
for tolerance to imidazolinone herbicides applied 1 of Ascochyta blight and MS-MR to pathotype 2.
LENTIL

post-emergence when plants are at up to the five- PBA ZahraA is rated as MS to Chocolate spot and
node growth stage. Note that permits, product label rust, and S to Cercospora leaf spot. PBA ZahraA
rates, plant-back periods and all label directions for is licensed to Seednet and an end point royalty
use must be adhered to. Generally, PBA BendocA applies.
CHICKPEA

yields comparably to conventional varieties with

no obvious yield penalty associated with herbicide PBA SamiraA
tolerance. PBA BendocA is similar in flowering time PBA SamiraA (tested as AF05069 and the re-
and maturity, and has a similar resistance (MR/R) to selection AF05069-2) is a high-yielding faba bean
FIELD PEA

both pathotypes of Ascochyta blight as NuraA and variety for southern Australia. It is widely adapted
PBA SamiraA. It is rated S to Chocolate spot and and is responsive to high-yielding situations. It has
this will need to be managed in higher rainfall and mid flowering, five to 10 days later than Fiesta VF
high biomass situations. PBA BendocA produces and FarahA, but matures at the same time as these
NOTES

2020 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE 47

BEANS

varieties. PBA SamiraA is rated MR-R to Ascochyta achieving market standards for freedom from seed
blight pathotype 1 and pathotype 2. It is rated MS to staining. Farah A is licensed to Heritage Seeds and
Chocolate spot and rust, and S to Cercospora leaf an end point royalty applies.
spot. Seed of PBA SamiraA is slightly larger than
Fiesta VF, FarahA and NuraA, but the overall seed Fiesta VF
colour is similar for all varieties. PBA SamiraA can be Fiesta VF seed is buff coloured and larger than
co-mingled with these other varieties for the Middle Fiord. Fiesta VF has good seedling vigour, is of
East market. PBA SamiraA is licensed to Seednet medium height and is early to mid flowering. It is
and an end point royalty applies. classed as S to Chocolate spot, although it is less
susceptible than Fiord. Fiesta VF is rated S to both
PBA RanaA pathotypes of Ascochyta blight, so a proactive
PBA RanaA (tested as AF01006-1 or 974*(611*974)/ disease management strategy is recommended to
15-1) has good vigour and stem strength. It has mid achieve clean seed and ensure market standards
flowering (similar to NuraA) and mid maturity (later are met. Fiesta VF is no longer protected by PBR,
than NuraA and FarahA). PBA RanaA is well adapted and no end point royalty applies.
to high-rainfall areas with longer growing seasons.
PBA RanaA is MR-R to Ascochyta blight pathotype 1 BROAD BEAN VARIETIES
and is rated MS-MR to pathotype 2. It is rated MS to
Chocolate spot and rust, and S to Cercospora leaf PBA Kareema
spot. PBA RanaA produces large, plump, light brown PBA Kareema was selected from Aquadulce
seeds and is suited to meeting Egyptian market and has similar plant type and adaptation to this
requirements for that grade. PBA RanaA represents variety, but larger and more uniform seed and no
a unique category for faba bean marketing. As ‘evergreens’. It is well adapted to the very high
PBA RanaA is three-quarters Manafest in its rainfall broad bean districts in the lower south-east
breeding, it should establish itself into areas where of SA. It has significantly improved resistance to
Manafest was grown before Ascochyta blight saw Ascochyta blight (MR) and better rust resistance
its demise. PBA RanaA is licensed to Seednet and (MR) than Aquadulce, and is MS to Chocolate spot.
an end point royalty applies. Like Aquadulce, PBA Kareema a is more tolerant
of waterlogging than most varieties of faba bean,
NuraA and is more tolerant of iron and manganese
NuraA is a medium-sized faba bean rated MR/R deficiencies. PBA Kareema is licensed to PGG
to both pathotypes of Ascochyta blight. NuraA is Wrightson and an end point royalty applies.
rated MS to Chocolate spot, S to Cercospora leaf
spot and MS to rust. It is generally shorter than Aquadulce
Fiesta VF and FarahA meaning it is less likely to Aquadulce is a tall broad bean variety, with late
lodge. However, since its bottom pods are closer to flowering and maturity, suited to areas with at least
the ground, harvest can be more difficult in lower 500mm average annual rainfall, such as the lower
rainfall districts or when sown late. In most areas south-east of SA. It is rated MS for Chocolate spot,
long-term yields of NuraA tend to be slightly lower but can succumb under high disease pressure
than FarahA and more recent varieties. It has good and rainfall situations. Aquadulce is more tolerant
seed appearance, light buff in colour, with minimal of waterlogging than most faba bean varieties
seed staining and discolouration. Flowering time and tolerates soils with iron and manganese
of NuraA is generally around seven days later deficiencies. The large seed size of Aquadulce
than FarahA, although it has similar maturity. NuraA means it must be considered a specialty bean as it
is licensed to Seednet and an end point royalty has different marketing opportunities to faba beans.
applies. It commands a price premium over faba beans,
dependent on grading and seed size.
FarahA
FarahA was selected directly from Fiesta VF and FURTHER INFORMATION
is identical in many respects, except it is rated Variety Management Packages (VMP) for all named
MR-R to Ascochyta blight pathotype 1 and tends to varieties (except Aquadulce) are available on the
have more uniform seed size and colour. FarahA Pulse Australia website: http://www.pulseaus.com.
is rated S to pathotype 2 of Ascochyta blight. au/growing-pulses/bmp/faba-and-broad-bean.
FarahA’s yields are similar to Fiesta VF but generally
lower than more recent varieties in most regions
of southern Australia. The major advantage of
FarahA over Fiesta VF is the increased likelihood of

48 2020 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE

 BEANS

TABLE 1 Most adapted faba bean varieties for each rainfall zone.
Rainfall zone (average annual rainfall)
Low Medium High
<375mm 375–500mm >500mm
PBA MarneA PBA ZahraA PBA ZahraA
PBA Bendoc A
PBA Amberley A
PBA AmberleyA
FarahA PBA SamiraA PBA SamiraA
Fiesta VF PBA Marne A
PBA RanaA
NuraA PBA BendocA NuraA
PBA Samira A
Nura A
PBA BendocA

INTRO
PBA ZahraA FarahA PBA MarneA
Fiesta VF Fiesta VF

WHEAT
TABLE 2 Agronomic and disease characteristics of faba and broad bean varieties.
Ascochyta blight* PSbMV

BARLEY
Lodging Chocolate Cercospora seed
Variety Plant height Flower time Maturity resistance Pathotype 1 Pathotype 2 spot leaf spot Rust staining
FABA BEAN
Farah A
Medium Early-Mid Early-Mid MS MR-R S S S S S

CANOLA
Fiesta VF Medium Early-Mid Early-Mid MS S S S S S S
NuraA Short Mid Early-Mid MR MR-R MR-R MS S MS VS
PBA AmberleyA Medium Mid Mid MR MR-R MR-R MR S S –
PBA Bendoc A
Medium Mid Early-Mid MS MR-R MR-R S S S S

BEANS
PBA MarneA Medium-Short Early Early-Mid MR MR-R MS-MR S S MR MR
PBA RanaA Medium-Tall Mid Mid MR MR-R MS-MR MS S MS MR
PBA SamiraA Medium Mid Early-Mid MR MR-R MR-R MS S MS S
PBA Zahra A
Medium-Tall Mid Mid MR MR-R MS-MR MS S MS S

LUPIN
BROAD BEAN
Aquadulce Tall Mid Late MS MS MS MS S MS S
PBA Kareema Tall Mid Late MS MR MR MS S MR S
SOURCE: PULSE BREEDING AUSTRALIA TRIALS PROGRAM 2012–2017

OAT
Key: R = resistant, MR = moderately resistant, MS = moderately susceptible, S = susceptible, VS = very susceptible
* Ascochyta blight ratings: Pathotype 1 is widely distributed throughout the southern region, and pathotype 2, which was identified in the mid-north of South Australia in 2013, is now widespread
throughout the south-east of southern Australia

VETCH
LENTIL
CHICKPEA
FIELD PEA
NOTES

2020 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE 49

BEANS

TABLE 3 Mid North faba bean yield performance. NVT data 2014–18.
Long-term yield expressed as a percentage of mean yield.
Year 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Mean yield t/ha 2.57 2.02 5.09 3.2 1.69
Variety No. trials 5 5 3 2 4
PBA AmberleyA 17 91 97 105 105 108
PBA ZahraA 19 105 101 102 107 102
PBA SamiraA 19 100 99 102 106 102
PBA RanaA 19 83 83 94 92 95
PBA MarneA 19 101 104 103 93 99
PBA BendocA 9 – – 94 101 104
NuraA 19 98 94 92 85 97
Fiesta VF 19 96 98 94 102 100
FarahA 19 99 98 94 99 98

TABLE 4 Yorke Peninsula faba bean yield performance. NVT data 2014–18.
Long-term yield expressed as a percentage of mean yield.
Year 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Mean yield t/ha 3.03 2.39 4.54 3.87 3.05
Variety No. trials 2 2 2 2 2
PBA AmberleyA 8 – 92 96 103 104
PBA ZahraA 10 101 100 101 106 103
PBA SamiraA 10 96 98 99 103 102
PBA RanaA 10 81 85 90 95 96
PBA MarneA 10 107 106 103 96 97
PBA BendocA 6 – – 105 103 102
NuraA 10 99 97 101 100 96
Fiesta VF 10 94 95 96 99 100
FarahA 10 98 98 99 100 99

TABLE 5 Lower Eyre Peninsula faba bean yield performance. NVT data 2015–18.
Long-term yield expressed as a percentage of mean yield.
Data for 2017 not available due to poor seasonal conditions.
Year 2015 2016 2018
Mean yield t/ha 1.82 4.57 3.68
Variety No. trials 1 1 1
PBA AmberleyA 3 83 100 97
PBA ZahraA 3 100 102 102
PBA SamiraA 3 97 100 100
PBA RanaA 3 90 90 92
PBA MarneA 3 96 104 101
PBA BendocA 2 – 99 102
NuraA 3 103 95 98
Fiesta VF 3 112 94 98
FarahA
3 111 95 99

50 2020 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE

 BEANS

TABLE 6 South-east faba bean yield performance. NVT data 2014–18.

Long-term yield expressed as a percentage of mean yield.
Year 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Mean yield t/ha 2.22 1.55 4.89 3.37 3.03
Variety No. trials 5 4 5 5 4
PBA AmberleyA 21 102 102 104 100 95
PBA ZahraA 23 106 107 105 104 102
PBA SamiraA 23 104 105 103 102 100
PBA RanaA 23 93 85 96 91 91
PBA MarneA 23 92 94 97 98 99
PBA BendocA 14 – – 98 105 106

INTRO
NuraA 23 94 87 96 96 96
Fiesta VF 20 104 102 97 100 101
FarahA 23 102 99 97 100 101

WHEAT
TABLE 7 Murray Mallee faba bean yield performance. NVT data 2014–17.
Long-term yield expressed as a percentage of mean yield.
Data for 2018 not available due to poor seasonal conditions.

BARLEY
Year 2014 2015 2016 2017
Mean yield t/ha 0.93 0.86 3.68 2.03
Variety No. trials 1 1 1 1

CANOLA
PBA AmberleyA 3 – 99 104 100
PBA ZahraA 4 87 84 104 99
PBA SamiraA 4 91 95 102 101
PBA RanaA 4 69 93 88 88
PBA Marne A
4 122 118 101 100

BEANS
PBA BendocA 2 – – 105 108
NuraA 4 87 81 96 88
Fiesta VF 4 95 97 97 105
FarahA 4 95 92 97 101

LUPIN
Legend: Mean variety yield performance

Lowest Highest

OAT
VETCH
LENTIL
CHICKPEA
FIELD PEA
NOTES

2020 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE 51

PREDICTA® B
KNOW BEFORE YOU SOW

Cereal root diseases cost grain growers in excess of $200 million

annually in lost production. Much of this loss can be prevented.
Using PREDICTA® B soil tests and advice from your local accredited agronomist,
these diseases can be detected and managed before losses occur. PREDICTA® B
is a DNA-based soil-testing service to assist growers in identifying soil borne
diseases that pose a significant risk, before sowing the crop.
Enquire with your local agronomist or visit
http://pir.sa.gov.au/research/services/molecular_diagnostics/predicta_b

Potential high-risk paddocks: There are PREDICTA® B tests for

■ Durum crops (crown rot) most of the soil-borne diseases of
■ Newly purchased or leased land cereals and some pulse crops:
■ Bare patches, uneven growth, ■ Crown rot (cereals)
white heads in previous crop ■ Rhizoctonia root rot
■ Paddocks with unexplained poor yield ■ Take-all (including oat strain)
from the previous year ■ Root lesion nematodes
■ Cereals on cereals ■ Cereal cyst nematode
■ Cereal following grassy pastures ■ Stem nematode
■ High frequency of root lesion ■ Blackspot (field peas)
nematode-susceptible crops, ■ Yellow leaf spot
such as chickpeas
■ Common root rot
■ Intolerant cereal varieties grown
■ Pythium clade f
on stored moisture
■ Charcoal rot
■ Ascochyta blight of chickpea
■ White grain disorder
■ Sclerotinia stem rot

CONTACT:
Russell Burns
russell.burns@sa.gov.au
52 2020 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE 0401 122 115
LUPIN
By Amanda Pearce, SARDI, and Geoff Thomas, DPIRD

INTRO
Lupin variety choice for South Australian growers Care must be taken in grazing lupin stubbles and it
will be the same in 2020, with no new varieties may be advisable not to graze some paddocks at

WHEAT
released for the Southern region in 2019. all should wet conditions prevail at or after harvest.
AGT are managing the lupin breeding program Lupin paddocks should be grazed at the first
for Australian growers. In September 2019 AGT opportunity after harvest and stock should have
released Coyote A, a new variety mainly targeted access to a good-quality water supply. Older

BARLEY
for Western Australia. In the future their breeding animals are less affected by lupinosis than young
program will be developing varieties for South animals. Producers should note that bulky crops,
Australia and the eastern states. crop-topping and tight lupin crop rotations aid the
development of the fungus and can increase the

CANOLA
Narrow-leafed lupins (Lupinus angustifolius) are well
risk of lupinosis.
suited to acidic and sandy soils. They continue to
be grown in suitable areas as a key component of
the farming system. LUPIN AGRONOMY
A common problem reported by SA growers is

BEANS
Recent improvements in grain pricing for lupins
the poor emergence and establishment of lupin
and a possible shift away from a heavy reliance on
crops. This obviously affects crop establishment
wheat/canola rotations is expected to see the area
and early vigour, but it also enhances any effects of
grown to lupins increase in coming seasons. There
pre-emergent herbicides. Growers are encouraged

LUPIN
is also growing interest in developing the lupin crop
to seek germination tests on sowing seed so that
for human consumption.
seeding rates can be increased to compensate for
poor germination rates or alternative seed sourced.
DOMESTIC MARKETING
Manganese deficiency has been a problem for

OAT
For producers wanting to sell lupin grain into
a number of growers in recent seasons. Lupin
Victorian and New South Wales markets, they
plants have a high demand for manganese during
must satisfy Anthracnose freedom, market access
seed development and maturity. Manganese
and transporting protocols. Anthracnose grain
deficiency can have a negative influence on seed
VETCH
tests are the most common means of identifying
development and cause seed to split or shrivel
Anthracnose freedom for marketing.
in pods. Deficient plants can be slow to ripen,
remaining green for longer and causing difficulty
GRAZING OF LUPIN STUBBLES at harvest. Manganese deficiency can be overcome
LENTILS

Lupin stubbles can be a high-value feed source by applying manganese. Timing is important and
for livestock; however, growers have lost stock manganese should be applied at mid-flowering
to lupinosis. This livestock health problem occurs of the first lateral, by which time growth of the first
when toxins are produced by the Phomopsis fungus pods on the main stem should be 2-2.5cm long.
CHICKPEA

that may develop in the lupin stem as the plant

matures. Current varieties have levels of resistance
that slow the development of the Phomopsis
fungus. However, when significant rains occur
FIELD PEA

before and after crop maturity, fungal development

can occur regardless of the resistance level of the
plant.
NOTES

2020 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE 53

LUPIN

NOTES ON CURRENT NARROW- JenabillupA

LEAFED LUPIN VARIETIES JenabillupA has been extensively trialled in SA
trials, where it typically has an advantage over
PBA BarlockA Mandelup A in regions with a longer growing
PBA BarlockA (tested as WALAN2325) was released season. In these regions its extended flowering
in WA in spring 2013. It is a high-yielding variety, window can assist with increased yield. JenabillupA
which can provide a yield improvement in regions flowers slightly later and for a longer period than
of SA. PBA BarlockA has improved metribuzin MandelupA, making it less suitable to crop-topping.
tolerance over the varieties TanjilA and Wonga, JenabillupA does not have tolerance to metribuzin
allowing growers to use metribuzin for weed herbicide and has an S Anthracnose rating.
control. PBA BarlockA is MR to lodging in high
rainfall regions, and shows improved pod shatter PBA JurienA
resistance compared to MandelupA, MR-MS. It is PBA JurienA (tested as WALAN2385) was
R to Anthracnose and MR to Phomopsis on stem. released in WA in spring 2015. It can provide
PBA BarlockA has its greatest long-term yield a yield improvement in regions of SA. It is R to
advantage over MandelupA on the Eyre Peninsula. anthracnose, Phomopsis on stem and grey spot.
PBA BarlockA seed is available through Seednet. Although rated R to anthracnose, seed dressings
are still recommended to reduce the risk of soil-
PBA BatemanA borne disease. It is tolerant to metribuzin, superior
PBA BatemanA (tested as WALAN2533) was to PBA BarlockA. PBA JurienA has similar agronomic
released in the eastern states in the spring characteristics to PBA GunyidiA, flowering slightly
of 2017. It is a high-yielding variety, which can earlier than PBA BarlockA. It is similar to MandelupA
provide a yield improvement in regions of SA. It is in height and is MS to lodging in high-rainfall
MR to anthracnose, similar to PBA GunyidiA and regions. PBA JurienA has medium to large seed,
MandelupA. It is MR-MS to Cucumber mosaic virus similar to MandelupA, and the alkaloid content is
(CMV) seed transmission, increased from PBA similar to PBA GunyidiA. Growers should contact
JurienA, PBA GunyidiA, JenabillupA and MandelupA. Seednet Partners for supply of seed.
PBA Bateman A has similar agronomic features
when compared to PBA JurienA. PBA BatemanA MandelupA
shows similar tolerance to metribuzin as PBA MandelupA is widely adapted to SA conditions
JurienA, PBA BarlockA and PBA GunyidiA. Seed and as such is established as a leading variety.
is medium in size similar to MandelupA. Growers MandelupA is a tall variety, with good early vigour
should contact Seednet partners for supply of seed. and very early flowering and maturity, making it
well suited to low-medium rainfall districts in SA
PBA GunyidiA while still yielding well in higher rainfall areas. Its
PBA GunyidiA (tested as WALAN2289) was early maturity makes it suitable for crop-topping,
released in WA in September 2011 as a potential with careful attention to correct timing. MandelupA
MandelupA replacement with improved resistance is MR to anthracnose. It is R to Phomopsis on stem.
to pod shattering. This feature may enable growers It can suffer pod loss/partial pod shattering with
to harvest later without incurring significant losses. delayed harvest, and seed quality can suffer if wet
PBA GunyidiA is MR to Anthracnose and R to conditions occur during harvest. MandelupA seed is
Phomopsis on stem. It flowers and matures slightly available in SA through Heritage Seeds Pty Ltd.
later than MandelupA. It is R to metribuzin herbicide,
but is less tolerant to Eclipse® and this herbicide
should be used with care.

54 2020 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE

 LUPIN

TABLE 1 Most adapted narrow-leafed lupin varieties for each rainfall zone.
Rainfall zone (average annual rainfall)
Low Medium High
< 375mm 375–500mm > 500mm
MandelupA MandelupA JenabillupA
PBA Bateman A
PBA Bateman A
PBA BatemanA
PBA BarlockA PBA BarlockA PBA BarlockA
PBA Gunyidi A
PBA GunyidiA
PBA GunyidiA
PBA JurienA PBA JurienA PBA JurienA

INTRO
TABLE 2 Agronomic features of narrow-leafed lupin varieties.
Spot Phomopsis
CMV

WHEAT
Variety Plant height Flowering Lodging Pod shatter Anthracnose Brown Grey Leaf (seed) Stem Pod BYMV
Jenabillup A
Tall Mid MSMR MS MS MRMS R MS S MR MR
MandelupA Tall Very early MS MS MR MS R MS R MRMS S
PBA Barlock A
Med Mid MR MRMS R MS R MR MR MR MS

BARLEY
PBA BatemanA Tall Early MRMS MRMS MRMS MS R MR MR MRMS MR
PBA GunyidiA Med Early MR MR MR MS S MS R MR MS
PBA JurienA Tall Early MS MRMS R MS R MS R MRMS MR
SOURCE: AGRICULTURE AND FOOD, DPIRD WESTERN AUSTRALIA AND PBA LUPIN BREEDING PROGRAM, SOUTH PERTH, WA, 2013–2016

CANOLA
Key: R = resistant, MR = moderately resistant, MS = moderately susceptible, S = susceptible

BEANS
TABLE 3 Mid North lupin yield performance. NVT data 2014–18.
Long-term yield expressed as a percentage of mean yield.

LUPIN
Year 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Mean yield t/ha 1.58 1.22 2.83 1.98 1.49
Variety No. trials 1 1 1 1 1
Coyote A
4 – 115 120 122 105
JenabillupA 5 103 96 84 107 88

OAT
Jindalee 4 88 92 75 99 –
MandelupA 4 90 107 102 113 –
PBA BarlockA 4 103 93 101 104 –

VETCH
PBA Bateman A
3 – 113 115 – 110
PBA GunyidiA 4 105 105 111 107 –
PBA JurienA 4 101 97 112 107 –
Wonga 5 91 90 89 108 101
LENTILS

Legend: Mean variety yield performance

Lowest Highest
CHICKPEA
FIELD PEA
NOTES

2020 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE 55

LUPIN

TABLE 4 Lower Eyre Peninsula lupin yield performance. NVT data 2014–18.
Long-term yield expressed as a percentage of mean yield.
Year 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Mean yield t/ha 1.82 1.53 2.32 1.11 2.90
Variety No. trials 2 2 1 1 1
CoyoteA 6 106 115 115 116 129
JenabillupA 7 97 100 104 109 119
Jindalee 6 84 89 84 98 –
Mandelup A
6 101 98 96 109 –
PBA BarlockA 6 103 97 108 103 –
PBA BatemanA 5 104 115 118 – 125
PBA GunyidiA 6 103 106 107 104 –
PBA JurienA 6 105 97 108 103 –
Wonga  7 95 88 96 104 103

TABLE 5 South East lupin yield performance. NVT data 2014–18.

Long-term yield expressed as a percentage of mean yield.
Year 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Mean yield t/ha 1.05 0.65 3.12 1.94 1.42
Variety No. trials 2 1 3 2 1
CoyoteA 7 – 114 109 121 134
JenabillupA 9 103 104 99 104 111
Jindalee  8 96 66 82 93 –
MandelupA 8 98 106 97 109 –
PBA BarlockA 8 99 103 105 101 –
PBA BatemanA 5 – 111 109 – 140
PBA Gunyidi A
8 103 103 105 107 –
PBA JurienA 8 98 104 107 103 –
Wonga  9 94 86 94 99 115

TABLE 6 Murray Mallee lupin yield performance. NVT data 2014–16.

Long-term yield expressed as a percentage of mean yield.
Year 2014 2015 2016
Mean yield t/ha 1.29 0.91 2.82
Variety No. trials 1 1 1
Coyote A
2 – 112 115
JenabillupA 3 95 100 93
Jindalee  3 71 86 73
MandelupA 3 109 106 111
PBA BarlockA 3 100 95 98
PBA Bateman A 2 – 110 109
PBA GunyidiA 3 103 103 105
PBA JurienA 3 106 96 105
Wonga  3 88 88 87

Legend: Mean variety yield performance

Lowest Highest

56 2020 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE

OAT
By Pamela Zwer, Sue Hoppo, Peter McCormack, Mark Hill, Peter Wheeler, KerryLee McMurray,
and Michelle Williams, SARDI

INTRO
The oat variety descriptions in this publication if it is a problem. Varieties grown where CCN or
serve as a guide to select oat varieties for specific SN is present should be resistant to the particular

WHEAT
end-uses with disease resistance, agronomic traits, nematode which is a problem so that multiplication
and yield potential suited to diverse south-eastern of the nematode is limited. The variety should also
Australian farming systems. be tolerant so that it yields well in the presence
of the nematode. Yield penalties of up to 80 per

BARLEY
HOW TO USE THE OAT VARIETY cent can occur if an intolerant variety is sown in
SOWING GUIDE a paddock where CCN or SN is a problem.
Varieties adapted to low, medium, and high-rainfall There are eight varieties resistant or moderately
regions and categorised by grain and hay end-use resistant to CCN listed in Table 5 and four of these

CANOLA
are shown in Table 1. Select the group of varieties are also tolerant. TammarA, MulgaraA, TungooA
suited to your rainfall region and end-use. Consult and WintarooA are all varieties with both CCN
Tables 2 to 7 to refine the list to one or two varieties. resistance and tolerance. The remaining four
Consult Tables 2 and 3 for hay and grain production resistant varieties, YallaraA, BrusherA, DurackA and

BEANS
comparisons, Table 4 for agronomic features, Table BannisterA, are intolerant of CCN. There are four
5 for disease resistance, Table 6 for grain quality varieties tolerant to Stem nematode. These are
and Table 7 for hay quality. Certain varieties are TammarA, MulgaraA, TungooA and WintarooA. All of
preferred for particular end-uses, so check with hay these are rated as resistant or moderately resistant

LUPIN
processors and millers prior to variety selection. to SN. Bannister is intermediate in its tolerance
to SN and in cold wet seasonal conditions may
IS CEREAL CYST OR STEM suffer more yield loss than in warmer, drier winter
NEMATODE A PRODUCTION conditions.
CONSTRAINT?

OAT
Cereal cyst nematode (CCN) and Stem nematode IS LEAF DISEASE A PRODUCTION
(SN) are major soil-borne diseases limiting the CONSTRAINT?
yield of oats in certain areas of southern Australia. Resistance to leaf diseases is important in most
Due to the significant effect of CCN and SN on environments. However, even though varieties are VETCH
varietal performance, soil testing is recommended listed as resistant to stem and Leaf rust, changes
to assess if either of these nematodes will be a in rust pathotypes can occur. Recently a Stem rust
significant problem. The PREDICTA® B Root Disease pathotype was found in the southern region of
LENTIL

Testing Service (RDTS) provides a diagnostic South Australia causing all Stem rust resistance to
service to assess the levels of both nematodes be ineffective in the presence of this pathotype.
prior to sowing. This is available through your local Table 5 indicates a range of resistance reactions
accredited agronomist or contact Alan Mackay for Stem rust depending on whether the new
CHICKPEA

(SARDI Plant and Soil Health ph. 08 8429 2216) for pathotype of Stem rust is present or not. Monitoring
your local accredited agronomist. of disease levels is essential and application of
fungicide may still be required depending on
Varieties contained in Table 1 provide options for
seasonal conditions. Table 1 should be used
FIELD PEA

different end-uses. Table 5 should then be used in

to determine the variety options available for a
conjunction with this table to determine if the variety
particular end-use. Next, Table 5 should be used to
of choice has both resistance and tolerance to CCN
further refine your choice. For example, if a variety
if it is a problem or resistance and tolerance to SN
for oat hay is required in a high-rainfall environment,
NOTES

2020 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE 57

OAT

ForesterA, TammarA, TungooA, KoorabupA, OATS FOR GRAZING

BrusherA, Mulgara and WintarooA are suitable (Table
This guide contains no guidelines for oats suited to
1). Table 3 indicates that WintarooA is the highest
grazing plus feed grain production and repeated
yielding for hay in this environment. However, using
grazing from early sowing. A more comprehensive
Table 5 all other varieties have better resistance
guide for grazing varieties is contained in the Winter
to both stem and Leaf rust. These varieties also
Crop Variety Sowing Guide produced annually by
vary in their level of resistance to Septoria, Barley
NSW DPI. Please contact the National Oat Breeding
yellow dwarf virus (BYDV), Bacterial blight and red
Program for information on how to obtain a copy of
leather leaf, which may be also be important. Table
this publication.
4 should then be used to determine if the variety
selected matures at the time required.
NOTES ON RECENTLY RELEASED
IS MILLING QUALITY REQUIRED? VARIETIES
Fact sheets or pamphlets describing all varieties
The probability of a variety meeting the
released by the South Australian based National
classification criteria for milling grade is an important
Oat Breeding Program are available from Primary
consideration when selecting a variety for milling
Industries and Resources (PIRSA), the South
end-use. This is greatly influenced by seasonal
Australian Research and Development Institute
conditions. Premium milling varieties such as
(SARDI) website (www.pir.sa.gov.au/research) or
YallaraA, MitikaA, BilbyA, KowariA, BannisterA and
from the relevant commercial partner for the variety.
DurackA will reach the classification criteria for
The herbicide tolerance of different oat varieties
milling grade more often than other varieties
as well as yield and quality information for grain
(Table 6). Although some other varieties are not
varieties is available on the NVT website
considered milling class, they may reach milling
www.nvtonline.com.au.
grade criteria, but would not be accepted for
milling. It is imperative that you check with your
miller about the quality standards and varieties that Milling varieties
are accepted for milling before you sow a grain BilbyA
crop for this end-use.
BilbyA, released in September 2019 by SARDI, is
To select a variety for milling grain in medium to a dwarf, early to mid-season potential milling oat.
high rainfall zones you have the choice of Bilby A, Its height is similar to MitikaA and it is three days
Kowari A, MitikaA, YallaraA, BannisterA, WilliamsA or later to head. BilbyA has excellent grain yield and
DurackA (Table 1). Table 2 shows the relative yield is similar to WilliamsA and BannisterA in SA, but
and Table 6 the relative grain quality for each of with improved grain quality compared to these two
these varieties. Using this information, choose a varieties.
variety that suits your end-use based on whether
yield or quality is a priority. Table 4 should also be BilbyA has lower screenings, higher groat percent
used to determine if the variety selected matures and higher protein content compared to Williams A
at the time required, and Table 5 should be used and BannisterA. It has lower hectolitre weight and
to determine if the variety selected has the desired slightly higher screenings compared to MitikaA and
disease resistance. KowariA. Protein is similar to MitikaA and KowariA
and grain size is similar to MitikaA and bigger than
KowariA, BannisterA or WilliamsA. BilbyA has high
IF EXPORT HAY QUALITY β-glucan and lower oil than other dwarf varieties
IS REQUIRED with bright grain. Bilby A has improved Barley
Hay quality is essential to meet export hay yellow dwarf virus resistance compared to other
standards and is greatly influenced by seasonal dwarf varieties. It is a cross between two breeders’
and nutritional conditions. However, some varieties lines and was tested as 06204-16. Heritage is the
are more likely to produce higher quality hay than commercial partner.
others. It is imperative that you check with your hay
processor about the quality standards required to KowariA
make export-grade quality hay before you sow a KowariA, is a dwarf, early-maturing milling oat variety
hay crop. Use Table 7 to refine your choice after first released by SARDI and measuring slightly taller
ensuring that the criteria in Tables 1, 4 and 5 are met than MitikaA in height. It has a maturity similar to
for your situation. MitikaA. KowariA is a cross between MitikaA and
WAOAT2099 and has similar grain yield to MitikaA,
but lower than BannisterA and WilliamsA.

58 2020 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE

 OAT

The grain quality is excellent. KowariA has slightly BannisterA

lower hectolitre weight and grain weight when BannisterA is a dwarf milling variety commercialised by
compared to MitikaA. It combines high β-glucan Seednet and released in Western Australia but also
with low screenings. KowariA has high protein and suited to eastern Australia because of its improved
slightly higher groat percent compared to MitikaA. disease resistance profile. Bannister A is high yielding
The trait of interest for this variety is improved and 13 cm taller than Mitika A, heading about three to
β-glucan content. Heritage is the commercial four days later than this variety. Bannister A has slightly
partner. lower hectolitre weight, slightly higher screenings and
slightly lower groat percent compared to Mitika A.
DurackA
DurackA is an extremely early, moderately tall MitikaA
variety released in Western Australia and similar in MitikaA is an early-maturing dwarf milling oat

INTRO
height to Carrolup and YallaraA. This new variety is developed by SARDI and commercialised by
sown a minimum of one week earlier than any other Heritage Seeds. MitikaA is a milling-quality oat with
variety released from the program. high hectolitre and grain weight, low screenings
DurackA has good lodging and shattering percent and moderately high groat percent. It is

WHEAT
resistance and good early vigour. It is susceptible to also a high feed value oat with low hull lignin and
very susceptible to Stem rust in South Australia and high grain digestibility and is recommended for all
Victoria so a fungicide application will be mandatory rainfall zones where CCN or Stem nematode are
if grown in areas where Stem rust is a problem. not a problem.

BARLEY
DurackA is rated resistant to susceptible for Leaf
rust depending on which pathotype of the rust is YallaraA
present. Again, a fungicide may be required in Leaf YallaraA is a medium-tall milling oat variety developed
rust prone areas. by SARDI and commercialised by Seednet. YallaraA

CANOLA
is a backcross line using EURO as the recurrent
Grain yield for this variety is similar to the tall
parent and a North Dakota line as the source of rust
varieties, Carrolup and YallaraA, and an improvement
resistance. It is moderately resistant to Stem rust and
compared to tall varieties bred for hay. Grain quality
resistant to Leaf rust. YallaraA is a premium-quality oat
is excellent with high protein levels.

BEANS
with the flexibility to cut for hay with fine stems and
Hay yield averaged over low, medium, and high- good hay quality. In addition, YallaraA has bright grain
rainfall sites is lower than other longer season and high grain digestibility, making it suitable for the
varieties, and care will need to be taken to cut this horse racing industry. Based on herbicide tolerance

LUPIN
very early maturing variety at the correct growth trials conducted by the SARDI Agronomy Group,
stage. Monitoring the crop will be the key to YallaraA is particularly sensitive to applications of
achieving the highest hay quality. Banvel-M®. For more information about the herbicide
tolerance of YallaraA go to www.nvtonline.com.au.
WilliamsA

OAT
WilliamsA is a tall milling variety commercialised Hay varieties
by Heritage and released in Western Australia. It
is also suited to eastern Australia because of its KoorabupA
improved disease resistance profile. WilliamsA is a
VETCH
KoorabupA is a mid-tall hay variety with early mid to
high-yielding early to mid-season variety with similar mid-season maturity developed for the WA market.
maturity compared to YallaraA and 15cm shorter. It is It is similar in height, two to four days later in maturity
three to seven days later maturing than MitikaA and and has similar grain yield and stem diameter
15cm taller. compared to YallaraA. Hay yield is slightly higher than
LENTIL

WilliamsA has the highest level of Septoria Carrolup, but lower than YallaraA and BrusherA. It has
resistance compared to all other current milling oat improved disease and grain quality compared to
varieties. It has similar grain yield to BannisterA with other current hay varieties and combines improved
CHICKPEA

slightly inferior grain quality. Screenings can be Septoria resistance with good rust and Bacterial
high, especially in low rainfall regions. WilliamsA has blight resistances. It has excellent hay colour and
high β-glucan levels. hay quality and is similar to WintarooA across all traits
except water-soluble carbohydrates, which average
WilliamsA averages slightly lower hay yield
FIELD PEA

slightly lower in Victoria and WA. Grain quality is

compared to other hay varieties. Hay quality is similar to Yallara but with a lower groat percent.
similar to WintarooA with slightly lower water-soluble It has low oil and bright grain. This line is a cross
carbohydrates and slightly higher crude protein. between two WA advanced breeding lines and is
commercialised by AEXCO.
NOTES

2020 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE 59

OAT

MulgaraA TungooA
MulgaraA is a tall mid-season hay oat similar in TungooA is a medium-tall, mid to late-season hay
heading time and height to WintarooA. It is available variety similar in heading date to Kangaroo. Seed
to growers through AEXCO Pty Ltd. MulgaraA of this line is available to growers through
is an improvement compared to WintarooA for AEXCO Pty Ltd.
resistance to Stem rust and Bacterial blight. It is
TungooA has an excellent disease-resistance profile
also an improvement compared to WintarooA for
and resists leaf browning from hot dry winds. It
lodging and shattering resistance and early vigour.
combines resistance and moderate tolerance to
Hay yield is an improvement compared to BrusherA
CCN and Stem nematode.
but is slightly lower than WintarooA. Hay quality is
similar to WintarooA. MulgaraA has excellent hay Hay yield is similar to Kangaroo with lower grain
colour and resists brown leaf at hay cutting. Grain yield and quality. Hay digestibility is similar to
yield and quality are similar to WintarooA with lower WintarooA (better than Kangaroo), although it tends
screenings and higher protein and groat percent. to be higher in neutral detergent fibre and lower
MulgaraA has high grain hull lignin. MulgaraA is in water-soluable carbohydrates than WintarooA
recommended to replace WintarooA in areas with but an improvement compared to Kangaroo.
Stem nematode due to its higher level of resistance. Early vigour is not as good as Kangaroo. It has
It is also recommended to replace WintarooA moderately low hull lignin.
where improved lodging resistance and Stem rust
or Bacterial blight resistance is required. The seed BrusherA
size of MulgaraA is larger than other hay varieties BrusherA is an early to mid-season tall oat
described in this Sowing Guide. Care should be developed by SARDI and commercialised by
taken to sow this variety at the correct seed density. AEXCO Pty Ltd. It is two to four days earlier to head
than WintarooA and this suits it well to low rainfall
ForesterA areas. Although BrusherA has inferior hay yield
ForesterA is a very late hay variety adapted to when compared to WintarooA, it is recommended
high rainfall and irrigated cropping regions. It is to replace this variety where improved resistance
three weeks later to head compared to WintarooA. to stem and Leaf rust or improved hay quality is
ForesterA has excellent early vigour and lodging desired.
and shattering resistance. ForesterA has an Grain yield and grain quality is similar to Wintaroo A,
excellent foliar disease–resistance spectrum with WallarooA and Kangaroo with higher grain protein.
good hay colour, but like all late hay varieties may BrusherA is moderately low in grain lignin.
not resist hot dry winds as well as earlier varieties.
ForesterA has excellent hay quality and seed is KingBale
available from AGF Seeds.
KingBale is a mid-flowering IMI tolerant oaten hay
variety with improved tolerance to soil residual
Tammar A
imidazolinone herbicides. It is an ideal variety for
TammarA is a late tall hay oat variety later in cutting use where there are IMI residue concerns from
time than Kangaroo and TungooA but not as late previous crops. KingBale is a tall variety with good
as ForesterA. It is available to growers through early vigour and is suitable for planting in the major
AEXCO Pty Ltd. TammarA has excellent hay colour hay growing regions of Australia. Preliminary data
and resists brown leaf at hay cutting. Hay yields are shows that KingBale has a similar disease and
slightly lower than WintarooA and similar to TungooA  agronomic profile to WintarooA and indicates that it
and Kangaroo. Grain yield is better than Kangaroo, is resistant to CCN although rust (likely susceptible)
and TungooA. Hay quality is better than Kangaroo will require proactive management. Yield
and similar to TungooA and WintarooA. TammarA information is currently limited. KingBale is a single
has an excellent foliar disease–resistance profile gene IMI tolerant variety. The original breeding work
and is an improvement compared to TungooA for was undertaken by Grains Innovation Australia (GIA)
Stem rust resistance. TammarA is similar in height to and the line is being commercialised by InterGrain.
Kangaroo, TungooA and WintarooA and has better Commercial seed of KingBale will be available in
lodging resistance than TungooA and WintarooA 2021 subject to 2019 field testing results and an
and better early vigour than TungooA. TammarA APVMA herbicide registration.
has grain quality similar to TungooA and Kangaroo
with slightly smaller grain weight and slightly more
screenings. TammarA is recommended for medium
and high-rainfall zones and gives a slightly later
option for cutting time than Tungoo A and Kangaroo.

60 2020 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE

 OAT

TABLE 1 Oat varieties listed according to annual rainfall.

Use Tables 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 to further refine your choice within each category.
Rainfall zone (average annual rainfall)
Low Medium High
< 375mm 375–500mm > 500mm
END USE – MILLING GRAIN
BannisterA BannisterA BannisterA
Bilby A
BilbyA
BilbyA
DurackA DurackA KowariA
KowariA KowariA MitikaA
Mitika A
Mitika A
WilliamsA

INTRO
Yallara A
Williams A
YallaraA
Yallara A

END USE – FEED GRAIN – SHEEP, CATTLE

EchidnaA EchidnaA EchidnaA

WHEAT
Kowari A
Kowari A
KowariA
Mitika A
Mitika A
MitikaA
MulgaraA MulgaraA MulgaraA
Wallaroo A
Wintaroo A
WintarooA

BARLEY
Wintaroo A
Yallara A
YallaraA
Yallara A

END USE – FEED GRAIN – PIGS, POULTRY

– Numbat  Numbat 

CANOLA
END USE – OAT HAY
BrusherA BrusherA BrusherA
Durack A
Durack A
ForesterA
Koorabup A
Koorabup A
KoorabupA

BEANS
Mulgara A
Mulgara A
MulgaraA
Wintaroo A
Tammar A
TammarA
YallaraA TungooA TungooA
Wintaroo A
WintarooA

LUPIN
END USE – HAY AND LEGUME MIXES
BrusherA BrusherA ForesterA
DurackA KoorabupA TammarA
Koorabup A
Mulgara A
TungooA
Mulgara A
Tungoo A
WilliamsA

OAT
Yallara A
Wintaroo A

TABLE 2 Five year (2014–18) average grain yield (t/ha) of oat varieties tested in grain trials.

VETCH
Variety Yorke Peninsula Mid North South East Murray Mallee Average for all states
SEMI-DWARF (HUSKED)
BannisterA 3.9 4.0 4.0 2.0 3.8
BilbyA 4.0 4.1 4.0 2.0 3.8
LENTIL

KowariA 3.7 3.8 3.7 1.9 3.6

MitikaA 3.6 3.7 3.6 1.8 3.5
SEMI-DWARF (NAKED)
Numbat 2.7 3.0 2.9 1.5 2.8
CHICKPEA

TALL (HUSKED)
DurackA 3.0 3.4 3.3 1.7 3.2
KoorabupA 2.6 3.2 3.2 1.7 3.2
Williams A
3.5 3.9 3.8 2.0 3.6
FIELD PEA

YallaraA 2.7 3.2 3.2 1.6 3.0

No. trials 17 4 15 5 41
NOTES

2020 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE 61

OAT

TABLE 3 Five-year (2014–18) average hay and grain production of oat varieties tested in hay trials.
Hay yield (t/ha) Grain yield (t/ha)

Rainfall zone Rainfall zone

Low Medium High Low Medium High
Variety < 375mm 375–500mm > 500mm < 375mm 375–500mm > 500mm
SEMI-DWARF (HUSKED)
Bannister A
7.6 9.0 11.1 3.2 4.2 4.4
TALL (HUSKED) - EARLY TO MID-SEASON MATURITY
BrusherA 8.0 9.1 11.2 2.1 2.9 3.0
DurackA 7.5 8.4 10.8 2.6 3.5 3.7
Koorabup A
7.4 8.7 10.6 2.6 3.4 3.7
MulgaraA 7.7 8.9 11.0 2.5 3.3 3.4
WilliamsA 7.3 8.9 10.8 3.1 4.1 4.4
WintarooA 8.2 9.5 11.5 2.5 3.3 3.4
YallaraA 7.9 9.3 11.4 2.6 3.5 3.6
TALL (HUSKED) - MID LATE TO VERY LATE MATURITY
ForesterA NA 9.5 10.8 1.8 2.5 2.6
TammarA NA 8.7 10.6 2.3 3.1 3.3
Tungoo A
NA 9.3 11.1 2.2 2.9 3.1
No. trials 9 19 8 32 113 40

TABLE 4 Agronomic features of varieties.

Variety Early vigour Plant height Heading Maturity Shattering resistance Standing ability
SEMI-DWARF (HUSKED)
Bannister A
G D EM EM R R
BilbyA G D EM EM R R
KowariA G D E E R R
MitikaA G D E E R R
SEMI-DWARF (NAKED)
Numbat MG D EM EM MR R
TALL (HUSKED)
BrusherA G T E EM MS MS
DurackA G MT VE VE MS MR
ForesterA VG MT VL VL R R
Kangaroo  MG MT ML ML MS R
KoorabupA M MT E-EM EM MS MR
MulgaraA G T EM EM MS MR
Tammar A
M MT LM LM MS R
TungooA MP MT ML ML MS MS
WilliamsA G ST EM EM R R
WintarooA MG T M EM MS MS
YallaraA VG MT EM EM MR R
Value for trait: Early vigour: VG = very good, G = good, MG = moderately good, M = moderate, P = poor, MP = moderately poor
Plant height: D = dwarf, TD = tall dwarf, T = tall, ST = short tall, MT = moderate tall
Heading and maturity: VE = very early, E = early, EM = early mid, M= mid-season, ML = mid late season, LM = late mid-season, L= late, VL = very late
Shattering and standing ability: R = resistant, MR = moderately resistant, MS = moderately susceptible, S = susceptible

62 2020 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE

 OAT

TABLE 5 Disease resistance of oat varieties – field reactions.

Barley
Rust yellow CCN Stem nematode
dwarf Bacterial Red leather
Variety Stem1 Leaf virus2 Resistance Tolerance Resistance Tolerance Septoria blight leaf
SEMI-DWARF (HUSKED)
BannisterA MR-S R MS R MI – MI S MR-S MS-VS
BilbyA S R MR-MS S – – – S MS R-MR
Kowari A
MR-S R MS S – – I S MR MR-VS
MitikaA MR-S MS S VS I S I S MR R-MS
SEMI-DWARF (NAKED)
Numbat  MR-S R S S I S I MR S R

INTRO
TALL (HUSKED)
Brusher A MS-S MR-MS MS R MI MS I MS MR-MS R-MSS
Durack A
S-VS R-S MS R MI-MT – I MS MR-S MS
Forester A
R-S MR-MS MR-S MS MI S I MR MS-S R-MS

WHEAT
KoorabupA R-S MS-S MS-S S – – MI MR MR MS-VS
MulgaraA MS-S MR MS R MT R MT MS MR MS-SVS
TammarA MR-S MR MS MR MT R MT MR MR MR-SVS
TungooA MS-S MR MR-MS R MT R MT MR MR R-MS

BARLEY
Williams A
MR-S R MR-MS S I – I MR-MS R MR-SVS
WintarooA S MS MS-S R MT MR MT MR-MS MR MR-SVS
YallaraA MR-S R MS R I S I MS MR-MS MS-VS
1 Disease reactions to Stem rust will vary with pathotype

CANOLA
2 Disease reactions to BYDV may vary with the strain of the virus
Key to symbols used: VS = very susceptible, S = susceptible, MS = moderately susceptible, MR = moderately resistant, R = resistant, VI = very intolerant, I = intolerant, MI = moderately intolerant,
MT = moderately tolerant, T = tolerant, VT = very tolerant.

TABLE 6 Grain quality comparisons.

BEANS
Hectolitre Probability
weight Screenings 1000 grain of reaching Hull lignin
Variety (kg/hl) <2mm weight (g) Kernel (%) milling grade Protein (%) Oil (fat) (%) content
SEMI-DWARF (HUSKED)

LUPIN
BannisterA MH ML MH MH H M MH H
BilbyA MH ML H H H MH ML H
EchidnaA M H M ML L M M MH
KowariA MH L H H H MH M L

OAT
Mitika A
H L H MH H MH M L
SEMI-DWARF (NAKED)
Numbat  VH H L – – H VH –
TALL (HUSKED)
BrusherA M M MH M – MH M L VETCH
DurackA H L H MH H MH MH H
ForesterA L M L L – M M H
Koorabup A
H L H ML – MH L H
LENTIL

MulgaraA M M MH MH – MH M H
TammarA L H L ML – MH M SEG
TungooA L H L ML – MH M L
WilliamsA MH M M M MH M M MH
CHICKPEA

WintarooA M M MH MH – M M L
YallaraA H L H H VH MH L H
Value for trait: L = low, ML = moderately low, M = medium, MH = moderately high, H = high, VH = very high, - = not applicable
FIELD PEA
NOTES

2020 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE 63

OAT

TABLE 7 Hay quality comparisons.

Water-soluble
Digestible dry matter Crude protein Neutral detergent fibre carbohydrate
Variety (%dm) (%dm basis) (%dm basis) (%dm basis) Stem diameter
SEMI-DWARF (HUSKED)
BannisterA H H ML MH M
TALL (HUSKED)
BrusherA MH M M MH M
DurackA M M M M M
ForesterA MH M L MH MH
Koorabup A
MH M M M M
MulgaraA M M M M M
TammarA M MH M M ML
TungooA M MH M-MH M M
WilliamsA M H M M MH
WintarooA M M M M M
YallaraA
MH M ML H ML
Value for trait: L = low, ML = moderately low, M = medium, MH = moderately high, H = high

NOTES ON INTERSTATE VARIETIES

Many of the varieties released interstate are
evaluated in a limited number of trials in southern
Australia. More information is available from
the SARDI National Oat Breeding Program and
should be sought before attempting to grow these
varieties.

64 2020 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE

VETCH
By Stuart Nagel and Gregg Kirby, SARDI

INTRO
Vetch is a multi-purpose crop grown mostly as a rust susceptible varieties as grazing or feeding
disease-break crop in rotation with cereals in a hay/silage from rust infected plants may induce

WHEAT
wide range of soil types from light sands to heavier abortions in pregnant livestock.
clay soils. Common vetch varieties’ (Languedoc,
While it is usually not economically viable to use
Blanchefleur, MoravaA, RasinaA, VolgaA, TimokA and
fungicides for rust on vetch, it may be necessary
Cummins) versatility allows cropping for grain or hay
where rust susceptible varieties are to be used

BARLEY
production, early grazing as green pasture or for
as feed.
dry grazing, hay production or green manure.
Ascochyta blight occurs in earlier stages of the
Grain vetches have been grown in lower to mid-
vetch crop and can reduce grain and dry matter
rainfall cereal areas of southern Australia, and their

CANOLA
production. This disease is generally less severe
grain yields have been similar to pea yields in these
than Botrytis grey mould (BGM) which can develop
areas. Note that vetch grain is not used for human
high levels of infestation in cool/wet growing
consumption and can be used up to 20 per cent in
seasons.
pig rations.

BEANS
There is little difference between vetch varieties
Grain from MoravaA, RasinaA, VolgaA and TimokA
in their resistance to BGM; varieties like MoravaA,
can be used without limit to feed all ruminants and
which produce greater levels of vegetative growth
up to 20 per cent in the diet of pigs. These four
and denser canopies, will be more prone to this
varieties possess less toxin in grain (<0.65 per cent)

LUPIN
disease in higher rainfall areas.
compared with Blanchefleur (0.95 per cent) and
Languedoc (1.65 per cent). Vetch variety characteristics are summarised in the
following tables:
Forage vetches are used for hay, green manure
or mid to late-winter feed for grazing. They are Table 1 contains adaptation information for vetch

OAT
purple vetch (Vicia benghalensis) variety Popany varieties grown for grain and hay in different rainfall
or woolly pod vetch (V. villosa ssp.) varieties Namoi, zones.
CapelloA, HaymakerA and RM4A. Forage vetches Table 2 contains information for selection of
can grow successfully in areas of 400 to 650mm of
VETCH
common and woolly pod vetch varieties for hay/
annual rainfall. Grain from woolly pod vetch varieties silage, grazing and green manuring.
CANNOT be used to feed any livestock.
Table 3 provides varietal information on the most
Vetch is valued for its benefits to subsequent cereal important criteria to consider for vetch grain and
LENTIL

and oilseed crops in the rotation; these benefits are hay crops: yield potential, disease resistance,
usually greater than from other pulses, particularly in maturity, shattering resistance and hard seed
lower rainfall areas. On sandy soils vetches provide percentage.
better soil protection than peas and provide better
CHICKPEA

stubble retention in the soil. Table 4 displays yield results for grain and dry
matter production of common vetches varieties
MoravaA, RasinaA, VolgaA and TimokA are tested between 2010 and 2014 in SA by the
resistant to rust and are the preferred varieties Australian National Vetch Breeding Program
for grain in areas prone to rust infections. Disease
FIELD PEA

(ANVBP).
management is critical when growing a vetch
crop, regardless of the end-use, where possible Table 5 provides dry matter yield results for woolly
disease-resistant varieties should be planted as pod and purple vetch varieties tested from 2010 to
a preference. Care must be taken when growing 2014 in SA by ANVBP.
NOTES

2020 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE 65

VETCH

TABLE 1 Vetch grain variety rainfall zones.

Rainfall zone (average annual rainfall)

<350mm 350–400mm 400–450mm 450–600mm >600mm

Cummins Blanchefleur Blanchefleur Morava A
MoravaA
RasinaA Cummins Cummins RasinaA TimokA
TimokA MoravaA MoravaA TimokA
VolgaA RasinaA RasinaA
Timok A
TimokA
Volga A
VolgaA

TABLE 2 Vetch hay/silage/grazing and green manuring variety selection.

Rainfall zone (average annual rainfall)

<350mm 350–400mm 400–450mm 450–600mm >600mm

Blanchefleur Blanchefleur CapelloA CapelloA CapelloA
Cummins Cummins Haymaker A
Haymaker A
HaymakerA
Morava A
Morava A
Popany Morava A
MoravaA
Rasina A
Popany A
Morava A
Popany Popany
RM4A RasinaA RasinaA RM4A TimokA
TimokA RM4A RM4A TimokA RM4A
Volga A
Timok A
Timok A

VolgaA VolgaA

TABLE 3 Characteristics of selected vetch varieties.

Yield potential % of Disease reaction

Variety Maturity Grain Dry matter Flower colour Pod shattering Hard seeds Rust Ascochyta Botrytis
COMMON VETCH VARIETIES (VICIA SATIVA)
Blanchefleur Mid High Mod White 5–10 5–10 VS MS S
Cummins Mid-early High Mod White 5–10 5–15 VS MS S
MoravaA Late High High Purple 0 0 R S VS
Rasina A
Early-mid High Mod Purple 0–2 0 R MS S
TimokA Mid High V. high Purple 0–2 0–2 R MS S
VolgaA Early V. high High Purple 0–2 2–5 R MS S
PURPLE VETCH (VICIA BENGHALENSIS)
Popany Very late Low High Purple 20–30 5–10 R S VS
WOOLLY POD VETCHES (VICIA VILLOSA SUBSP.)
HaymakerA Late Low Very high Purple 5–10 20–30 R S VS
Capello A
Late Low Very high Purple 5–10 15–20 R S VS
RM4A Mid Moderate Very high Purple 2–5 2–5 R MR VS

TABLE 4 Grain and dry matter yield for common vetch varieties (2010–14).
(Five sites over five years)

Variety Grain yield (t/ha) % of Blanchefleur Dry matter yield (t/ha) % of Morava
Blanchefleur 2.15 100 4.03* 80
RasinaA 2.37 110 4.70* 93
Morava A
2.16 100 5.06 100
TimokA 2.48 115 5.26 104
Mean yield 2.38 4.91
* 2009 to 2013

66 2020 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE

 VETCH

TABLE 5 Woolly pod vetch varieties (2010–14).

Variety Dry matter (t/ha) % of CapelloA
CapelloA 6.23 100.0
HaymakerA 6.26* 100.4
RM4A 6.71 107.7
Mean yield 6.4
PURPLE VETCH VARIETY
Popany 5.28* 84.75
* 2009 to 2012

INTRO
TABLE 6 Plant density and recommended seeding rates for vetch.
Common vetch varieties Woolly pod vetch varieties Purple vetch variety*
Plants density Sowing rate Plants density Sowing rate Plants density Sowing rate
End-use (plants per sq.m.) (kg/ha) (plants per sq.m.) (kg/ha) (plants per sq.m.) (kg/ha)

WHEAT
Grain 40–60 40–50 40–50 25–40 40–50 25–40
Hay/silage 50–70 50–60 50–60 30–45 50–60 30–45
Grazing 50–70 50–60 50–60 30–45 50–60 30–45
Green manure 60–70 55–65 60–70 45–50 50–60 30–45

BARLEY
* in Australia Popany is the only purple vetch variety

Table 6 provides seeding rate recommendations lentils are on the prescribed grain list of AQIS due
for production of vetch grain, hay/silage, grazing to the vetch-lentil substitution issue. This has meant

CANOLA
and green manuring. export markets of orange cotyledon varieties like
Blanchefleur are limited to small bird seed markets
When selecting a vetch variety, growers also need
in Europe and seed for grazing and green manure
to consider their individual farm and paddock
crops. Blanchefleur grains possess 0.9–1.6 per cent
situations and, most importantly, the intended end-

BEANS
anti-nutritional BCN.
use for the crop. Selections should be made using
all of the available information.
Cummins
A mid to early-maturing, white-flowering variety
NOTES ON VARIETIES

LUPIN
selected from Languedoc. It is well adapted to
medium to low-rainfall areas where it generally
Common Vetch (Vicia sativa) yields higher than Blanchefleur. Cummins is
Languedoc susceptible to rust and moderately susceptible
to Ascochyta blight. Cummins possess a similar

OAT
Languedoc is an early-flowering and maturing
variety recommended for low-rainfall areas, percentage of BCN to Blanchefleur.
although it can lodge severely, making harvest
difficult under certain conditions. Languedoc
MoravaA
VETCH
generally exceeds Blanchefleur’s grain yield in MoravaA is a rust-resistant late-flowering vetch
areas with less than 350mm rainfall. Its hard seed variety with 100 per cent soft seeds, developed
content is generally around five to 10 per cent and in 1998 by the Australian National Vetch Breeding
it is highly susceptible to rust. Languedoc grains Program (ANVBP) at SARDI. Grain yield is superior
LENTIL

possess 1.0–1.6 per cent anti-nutritional compound to other vetches in the high-rainfall areas and to
(BCN). Blanchefleur, Languedoc and Cummins in all other
areas in the presence of rust. It is larger seeded
Blanchefleur and more resistant to shattering than other vetch
CHICKPEA

Prior to the release of MoravaA, Blanchefleur was varieties.

the preferred grain variety in areas above 350mm The BCN levels of Morava A are 0.65 per cent,
rainfall in SA. Blanchefleur has mid maturity, white which is 50 per cent lower than Blanchefleur and
flowers and reddish brown/mottled seed with Languedoc. MoravaA produces higher herbage
FIELD PEA

orange cotyledons. Blanchefleur is very susceptible yields than all other common vetch varieties.
to rust.
MoravaA is later flowering and maturing than
It is well suited to medium to high-rainfall areas Blanchefleur and grain yield will be reduced
where rust is not a regular problem. Both vetch and in environments with dry finishes. MoravaA
NOTES

2020 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE 67

VETCH

is susceptible to Ascochyta blight and very VolgaA

susceptible to botrytis, because it produces very VolgaA was developed in 2012 by the ANVBP at
high biomass in wet/cool zones. SARDI. It is a high-yielding grain/seed variety for
MoravaA is a PBR variety and can be sourced from low and mid rainfall areas. It is particularly suited to
Heritage Seeds. shorter season areas where the growing season
finishes sharply: dry periods in September and
RasinaA October is a common issue in many low to mid-
rainfall areas.
RasinaA is soft-seeded vetch from the ANVBP,
developed in 2006. RasinaA replaces Languedoc, VolgaA has good initial establishment, is rust-
Blanchefleur and Cummins in low to medium-rainfall resistant, and earlier flowering and maturing than
areas for grain production. Blanchefleur and RasinaA. It will improve the
reliability of vetch and economic production in crop
RasinaA is five to 10 days earlier than Blanchefleur
rotations especially in low and mid rainfall areas,
and 10 to 15 days earlier than MoravaA. A significant
330 to 380mm per year.
advantage over Languedoc, Blanchefleur and
Cummins is Rasin A’s resistance to rust, and it is VolgaA has high grain and herbage yields and is
slightly more tolerant to Ascochyta blight and botrytis. well adapted to all areas where vetch is currently
grown. VolgaA is well suited to situations where
RasinaA is not expected to replace MoravaA in
the season finishes sharply because of its early
higher rainfall districts or for hay production. The
flowering and maturity characteristics.
level of anti-nutritional factors in RasinaA is between
0.6 per cent and 0.8 per cent compared to 0.9 per It can be successfully grown in many Australian
cent to 1.6 per cent in Blanchefleur and Languedoc, soil types, from non-wetting sand to heavy clay
respectively. RasinaA possesses a distinctive loam with pH 5.8 to 9.4, like other common vetch
uniform dark-brown speckled seed coat with dark varieties. VolgaA is moderately susceptible to
beige cotyledons. RasinaA is a PBR variety and can Ascochyta blight, whereas MoravaA is susceptible.
be sourced from Heritage Seeds. The early maturity of VolgaA may limit yield potential
relative to longer growing season varieties like
MoravaA in high-rainfall areas.
Toxin levels in the grain are around 0.54 per
cent, lower than MoravaA at 0.65 per cent and
Blanchefleur 0.95 per cent. VolgaA seed size is very
similar to MoravaA seeds (100 seed weight, 7.82g).
VolgaA is a PBR variety and can be sourced from
Heritage Seeds.

68 2020 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE

 VETCH

TimokA Herbicide tolerance

Timok was bred to complement Morava in mid-
A A
There are no differences between common vetch
high rainfall areas for grain/seed and especially for varieties to registered herbicides for control of
hay/silage production. TimokA yielded more grain broad leaf weeds and no differences between
than RasinaA, MoravaA and Blanchefleur by 9 per varieties to registered herbicides for grass weed
cent, 18 per cent and 21 per cent, respectively, over control.
five years at five sites in SA (Table 4).
TimokA has better initial establishment than Purple Vetch
MoravaA and will improve the reliability and (Vicia benghalensis)
economics of vetch production in crop rotations,
Popany
especially in mid and high-rainfall areas,
Popany (Vicia benghalensis) is a purple vetch

INTRO
350 to 450mm per year. MoravaA will remain the
preferred variety for hay/silage in rainfall areas with variety. Grain yield is significantly lower than for
greater than 450mm per year. common vetch varieties. Seeds are smaller than
common vetch varieties, therefore the seeding
TimokA is high-yielding, highly rust-resistant, rates are lower at approximately 30 to 35kg/ha.

WHEAT
moderately susceptible to Ascochyta blight,
susceptible to botrytis. It has good early Grain from this variety can be used as a bird feed in
establishment and is a soft-seeded variety. mixtures with other recommended grains. Popany
is a late-maturing variety, requiring more than
TimokA matures between RasinaA and MoravaA

BARLEY
125 days from seeding to podding. It is a good
(100 to 105 days from seeding to full flowering). variety in mid to high-rainfall areas for hay/ silage.
TimokA is very well adapted for grain production Popany possesses five to 10 per cent hard seeds.
in rainfall areas greater than 380mm/year, and dry This variety is resistant to rust but susceptible to

CANOLA
matter production is similar to MoravaA in high ascochyta and Chocolate spot. It has a black seed
rainfall regions (greater than 400mm/year). In low coat with distinctive white hilum.
to medium rainfall regions (330 to 380mm/year) dry
matter production from RasinaA is 19 per cent higher
than MoravaA. TimokA is a multi-purpose variety –

BEANS
it can be used for grain, hay/silage, grazing or
green/brown manure.
Toxin levels in TimokA grain are around 0.57 per

LUPIN
cent. Seed weight is 6.88g per 100 seeds, similar
size to RasinaA at 6.92g per 100 seeds.
TimokA was developed in 2012 by the ANVBP at
SARDI. TimokA is a PBR variety and can be sourced

OAT
from Pasture Genetics.

VETCH
LENTIL
CHICKPEA
FIELD PEA
NOTES

2020 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE 69

Woolly Pod Vetches RM4A is significantly higher in dry matter production
in mid to low-rainfall areas (less than 380mm/year)
Capello A and Haymaker A than HaymakerA or CapelloA. RM4A is also suitable
(Vicia villosa subsp. dasycarpa). These woolly pod for higher rainfall areas (400 to 650mm/year).
vetches are lower in grain yield compared with RM4A is multipurpose variety that can be used for
common vetches, but are much higher in dry matter hay/silage, grazing, green/brown manure or for
production than common vetch varieties in rainfall seed. RM4A can be successfully grown, like other
areas greater than 450mm/year. Grain from these woolly pod varieties, in many Australian soil types.
varieties cannot be used to feed any livestock. Like other vetches, it is excellent for soil fertility/
Also, these varieties can only be grazed from structure and nitrogen fixation. It can be grazed
the 10-node stage to podding stage. It is not from 10 nodes up to the end of flowering and can
recommended that grazing occur earlier or once be used for hay/silage production where cutting
plants begin to develop seeds in pods. These two in full flowering provides the best balance of feed
varieties are very good for hay/silage production in value. RM4A performs better in grain production
areas with higher than 400mm of annual rainfall. than other woolly pod varieties when the season
finishes sharply.
Haymaker A and Capello A are selected soft-seed
varieties from Namoi. In past few years these Herbicide tolerance: RM4A was not sensitive to any
two varieties have become prone to setting hard herbicides registered for use in woolly pod vetch
(dormant) seeds. Both varieties are owned by varieties.
Heritage Seeds. Insect pests: RM4A is susceptible in early growth
stages to red-legged earth mite and lucerne flea
RM4A like other woolly pod vetch varieties. RM4A is also
RM4A (Vicia villosa subsp. eriocarpa) was selected susceptible to Blue-green and Cowpea aphids from
by ANVBP at SARDI. early growth through to pod maturity, as well as to
RM4A is high producer of dry matter, has very good Native budworm during pod formation and filling.
early establishment, is moderately resistant to Grain from this variety, like other woolly pod
Ascochyta blight, and is susceptible to botrytis. It is vetches, cannot be used to feed any livestock.
a soft-seeded variety (greater than 94 per cent),
emerges in 15 to 20 days and is earlier in maturity
by 10 to 15 days than HaymakerA or CapelloA.

70 2020 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE

LENTIL
By Sarah Day, Penny Roberts, Jenny Davidson, Sara Blake, SARDI, and Arun Shunmugam, Agriculture Victoria

INTRO
There are new lentil releases in 2019 and 2020. Botrytis grey mould (BGM) continues to be a major
The first release in spring 2019 from the PBA disease limitation to SA lentil production and a foliar

WHEAT
breeding program. PBA Highland XTA, tested as fungicide spray at the canopy closure stage in all
CIPAL1621, is a medium seed sized, herbicide varieties is recommended in conducive seasons
tolerant red lentil variety. It is early flowering, early and disease-prone areas. This is particularly
to mid-maturing and has performed well in the important in varieties with low levels of resistance

BARLEY
lower yielding environments of the Victorian Mallee such as PBA Hurricane XTA but also in varieties with
and South Australia. PBA Highland XTA has good improved resistance to Botrytis grey mould (BGM)
resistance (provisionally rated MR) to Ascochyta such as PBA Jumbo2A, although follow-up sprays
blight, maintaining this level of resistance against may not be needed in the latter. Early sowing is not

CANOLA
the increasingly prevalent pathogen isolates recommended for varieties rated susceptible or
virulent on either PBA Hurricane XTA or NipperA. In moderately susceptible to BGM in disease-prone
2020 there will be more variety options available areas.
to growers wanting to utilise a herbicide-tolerant
Price differences can occur between varieties

BEANS
red lentil. In addition to the small red lentil PBA
across seasons; however, growers need to
Hurricane XTA, there will be two medium red lentil
produce high-quality seed in all varieties to secure
variety options, PBA Hallmark XTA (released in
markets and achieve the highest prices. On-farm
2018) and PBA Highland XTA. For conventional
storage can assist in attaining the highest price for
options the high-yielding large red lentil, PBA

LUPIN
grain in some seasons and allow lentils with poor
Jumbo2A is broadly adapted across all lentil
quality issues or contaminants to be stored until
production zones.
appropriate cleaning and marketing can occur.
PBA Hurricane XTA is rated as moderately resistant/ Timely harvesting is recommended in lentils to
moderately susceptible (MR-MS) to foliar Ascochyta minimise seed discolouration and weather damage

OAT
blight (AB) in South Australia. It does not require and also to reduce the risk of yield loss from
fungicide sprays if no disease is visible. Early in shattering.
the 2018 and 2019 growing seasons, aggressive
lesions were observed on seedling crops and self- SELECTION CRITERIA VETCH
sown plants of PBA Hurricane XTA, but drier than Information on the most important selection
average conditions limited the disease spread. criteria, grain yield, disease resistance, maturity,
Growers are urged to monitor crops regularly for lodging resistance, shattering and seed type for
disease, and podding sprays may be required if
LENTIL

each variety can be found in Tables 1 and 2. When

disease is present during the growing season in selecting a variety, growers also need to consider
this variety. The rapid and dominant uptake of their individual farm and paddock situation and
PBA Hurricane XTA, particularly on the Yorke the access and availability of the likely target
CHICKPEA

Peninsula, threatens the longevity of the AB- markets and make their selection on all available
resistance in this cultivar. It is important to diversify information. National Variety Trials yield data is
variety selections within a year and across rotations, summarised in Tables 3 to 7.
alongside agronomic and disease-management
FIELD PEA

practices to maintain the sustainability of the system

and reduce the risk of crop failures.
NOTES

2020 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE 71

LENTIL

TABLE 1 Lentil variety sowing guide 2020.

Rainfall zone (average annual rainfall)

<400mm 400–450mm 450–500mm >500mm

SMALL RED
Nipper  
A♦
Nipper A
NipperA NipperA
Northfield  
Northfield  
Northfield Northfield
PBA Bounty PBA Bounty  PBA Bounty  PBA Bounty 
PBA Herald XTA + ♦ PBA Herald XTA + PBA Herald XTA + PBA Herald XTA +
PBA Hurricane XTA + PBA Hurricane XTA + PBA Hurricane XTA + PBA Hurricane XTA +
MEDIUM RED
Nugget  Nugget Nugget Nugget
PBA AceA PBA AceA PBA AceA PBA AceA
PBA BlitzA ∞ PBA BlitzA ∞ PBA BlitzA ∞ PBA BlitzA ∞
PBA Bolt A
PBA Bolt A
PBA Bolt A
PBA BoltA
PBA Flash A
PBA Flash A
PBA Flash A
PBA FlashA
PBA Highland XT     A+
PBA Highland XT   A+
PBA Highland XT   A+
PBA Highland XTA +
LARGE RED
Aldinga Aldinga Aldinga Aldinga
PBA JumboA PBA JumboA PBA JumboA PBA JumboA
PBA Jumbo2A PBA Jumbo2A PBA Jumbo2A PBA Jumbo2A
MEDIUM & LARGE GREEN
PBA Greenfield A
PBA Greenfield A
PBA GreenfieldA PBA GreenfieldA
PBA Giant A
PBA Giant A
PBA Giant A
PBA GiantA
Boomer Boomer Boomer Boomer
♦ = not well suited to low rainfall areas or dry seasonal conditions due to low biomass type, must be sown early in these situations
∞ = variety best suited to crop-topping + = herbicide-tolerant variety

TABLE 2 Characteristics of selected lentil varieties.

Ascochyta
Seed size relative
Cotyledon colour
Seed coat colour

Market category

blight
Flowering time

Maturity time

Botrytis grey
Plant height

Shattering
resistance
to Nugget

Pod drop
Lodging

Foliage
Vigour

mould

Seed
Variety
SMALL RED
NipperA Grey Red 75–80 SRP Poor/Mod Short Mid/Late Mid MR MR MR R-MR MR-MS MR
PBA Herald XTA Grey Red 75 SR Poor/Mod Short Mid/Late Mid/Late MR MR R R-MR R** R
PBA Hurricane XTA Grey Red 85 SRP Moderate Medium Mid Mid MR MR R MR-MS MR-MS* MR
MEDIUM RED
Nugget Grey Red 100 MRS Moderate Medium Mid Mid/Late MS MR R MR-MS MR-MS MR-MS
PBA AceA Grey Red 100 MRS Good Medium Mid Mid MR-MS R MR-MS MR-MS R R
PBA Blitz A
Grey Red 115–120 MRS Mod/Good Med/Tall Early Early MR MR MR MR MR MR-MS
PBA BoltA Grey Red 100 MRS Mod/Good Medium Early/Mid Early/Mid R R R S MR R-MR
PBA FlashA Green Red 100–110 MRS Moderate Medium Early/Mid Early/Mid MR MR MR MR-MS MS MS
PBA Hallmark XTA Grey Red 105 MRS Mod/Good Medium Mid Mid MR MR R R-MR MR-MS* MR
PBA Highland XTA Grey Red 85–90 MRS Mod/Good Medium Early Early/Mid MR MR MR MR-MS MR MR
LARGE RED
PBA JumboA Grey Red 120 LRS Moderate Medium Mid Mid S MR MR MS MR-MS S
PBA Jumbo2A Grey Red 120 LRS Mod/Good Med/Tall Mid Mid MR-MS MR R R-MR R R
MEDIUM AND LARGE GREEN
Boomer  Green Yellow 150 LG Good Tall Mid Mid/Late S R S MR-MS MR MR-MS
PBA GiantA Green Yellow 170 LG Good Tall Mid Mid/Late S R MR-MS MS MR MS
PBA GreenfieldA Green Yellow 130 LG Good Tall Mid Mid/Late MS R MR MR MR-MS MR-MS
R = resistant, MR = moderately resistant, MS = moderately susceptible, S = susceptible, I = intolerant, MI = moderately intolerant
Market category: MRS = medium red split, SRP = small red premium round (football), SR = small red round (football), LRS = large red split, LG = large green.
* Ascochyta foliage rating for PBA Hurricane XT is under observation: Isolated crops have developed moderately susceptible leaf lesions during 2016 and 2017
** PBA Herald XT has not been tested against new virulent isolates of Ascochyta blight. Growers should monitor the crop for disease and take appropriate disease-management strategies if required.

72 2020 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE

 LENTIL

TABLE 3 Lower Eyre Peninsula lentil yield performance. NVT data 2014–18.
Long-term yield expressed as a percentage of mean yield.
Year 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Mean yield t/ha 1.22 1.09 2.29 2.14 3.23
Variety No. trials 1 1 1 1 1
PBA Jumbo2A 5 106 103 103 103 108
PBA JumboA 2 86 98 – – –
PBA Hurricane XTA 5 103 93 102 105 98
PBA Highland XTA 3 – – 88 94 95
PBA Herald XTA 2 80 79 – – –
PBA Hallmark XTA 5 102 87 90 106 95

INTRO
PBA FlashA 5 103 106 104 103 103
PBA BoltA 5 102 100 96 101 96
PBA Blitz A
5 86 107 90 84 98
PBA Ace A
3 103 91 89 – –

WHEAT
Nugget 5 92 95 94 107 99
NipperA 5 83 91 99 93 97

BARLEY
TABLE 4 Mid North lentil yield performance. NVT data 2014–18.
Long-term yield expressed as a percentage of mean yield.
Year 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

CANOLA
Mean yield t/ha 1.74 1.75 2.47 1.81 1.51
Variety No. trials 3 4 4 4 4
PBA Jumbo2A 19 106 108 125 105 109
PBA JumboA 12 106 97 92 101 101

BEANS
PBA Hurricane XT A
19 95 97 103 98 99
PBA Highland XTA 14 – 109 100 100 106
PBA Herald XTA 11 78 78 97 87 –
PBA Hallmark XTA 19 99 100 114 97 105

LUPIN
PBA GreenfieldA 12 102 99 123 103 109
PBA Giant A
7 103 95 93 – –
PBA Flash A
19 105 103 92 104 102
PBA BoltA 19 105 103 85 100 101
PBA BlitzA 19 104 100 95 99 96

OAT
PBA AceA 15 108 102 102 103 110
Nugget 19 97 92 88 99 96
NipperA
19 79 81 105 91 85

Legend: Mean variety yield performance VETCH

Lowest Highest
LENTIL
CHICKPEA
FIELD PEA
NOTES

2020 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE 73

LENTIL

TABLE 5 Yorke Peninsula lentil yield performance. NVT data 2014–18.

Long-term yield expressed as a percentage of mean yield.
Year 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Mean yield t/ha 2.12 1.54 3.45 2.43 1.63
Variety No. trials 5 5 5 5 5
PBA Jumbo2A 25 109 109 122 108 108
PBA JumboA 16 102 102 95 103 99
PBA Hurricane XTA 25 95 94 96 97 97
PBA Highland XT A
17 – 109 103 101 105
PBA Herald XTA 14 77 78 91 82 –
PBA Hallmark XTA 25 97 97 103 98 98
PBA GreenfieldA 14 102 99 111 107 102
PBA GiantA 10 98 96 87 – –
PBA Flash A
25 104 103 94 104 104
PBA Bounty 2 101 – – – –
PBA BoltA 25 102 102 86 100 101
PBA BlitzA 25 105 107 108 99 100
PBA AceA 19 103 100 91 106 103
Nugget 25 94 93 86 99 95
Northfield 4 87 88 – – –
NipperA 25 82 83 104 88 84

TABLE 6 Murray Mallee lentil yield performance. NVT data 2014–18.

Long-term yield expressed as a percentage of mean yield.
Data for 2016 and 2017 not available due to poor seasonal conditions.
Year 2014 2015 2018
Mean yield t/ha 0.99 0.70 0.73
Variety No. trials 1 1 1
PBA Jumbo2A 3 115 99 98
PBA JumboA 2 92 69 –
PBA Hurricane XTA 3 102 95 118
PBA Highland XTA – – 123
PBA Herald XT A
2 76 48 –
PBA Hallmark XTA 3 111 98 133
PBA FlashA 3 100 101 87
PBA BoltA 3 102 121 113
PBA BlitzA 3 89 108 71
PBA Ace A
2 112 78 –
Nugget 3 90 66 79
NipperA 3 75 47 76

Legend: Mean variety yield performance

Lowest Highest

74 2020 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE

 LENTIL

TABLE 7 South East lentil yield performance. NVT data 2014–18.

Long-term yield expressed as a percentage of mean yield.
Data for 2016 not available due to poor seasonal conditions.
Year 2014 2015 2017 2018
Mean yield t/ha 0.64 0.93 2.58 2.13
Variety No. trials 1 1 1 1
PBA Jumbo2A 4 108 109 104 110
PBA JumboA 2 66 89 – –
PBA Hurricane XTA 4 115 99 102 99
PBA Highland XTA – – 109 113
PBA Herald XT A
2 89 77 – –

INTRO
PBA Hallmark XTA 4 142 98 102 102
PBA GreenfieldA 2 88 94 – –
PBA GiantA 2 83 87 – –
PBA FlashA 4 85 102 98 103

WHEAT
PBA Bolt A
4 114 100 103 106
PBA BlitzA 4 76 96 95 94
PBA AceA 2 111 96 – –
Nugget 4 72 89 85 84

BARLEY
NipperA 4 62 85 85 69

Legend: Mean variety yield performance

Lowest Highest

CANOLA
NOTES ON SELECTED VARIETIES variable soil types, especially if weather conditions
conducive to crop damage are forecast. PBA
Small red lentils Hurricane XTA is the highest yielding small red lentil

BEANS
and is commercialised by PB Seeds.
PBA Hurricane XTA
PBA Hurricane XTA was the second lentil variety PBA Herald XTA
to be released with improved tolerance to the PBA Herald XTA was the first lentil variety with

LUPIN
herbicides imazethapyr and flumetsulam, plus improved tolerance to the herbicides imazethapyr
reduced sensitivity to some sulfonylurea and and flumetsulam, plus reduced sensitivity to some
imidazolinone herbicide residues. However, it is sulfonylurea and imidazolinone herbicide residues.
important to note that product label rates, plant- However, it is important to note that product label
back periods and directions for use must still be rates, plant-back periods and directions for use

OAT
adhered to. It is a mid-flowering, mid-maturing must still be adhered to. It is a mid to late-flowering
variety with small red seed and a grey seed coat, and maturing variety with yields lower than PBA
although the seed size is slightly larger than Hurricane XTA. It is recorded as having high levels
NipperA and PBA Herald XTA. PBA Hurricane XTA of disease resistance to AB (R) but has not been
has a MR-MS rating for foliar AB in South Australia, tested against the new virulent isolates. Growers VETCH

and severe lesions have occurred in seedling crops need to monitor the crop for disease and take
in 2018, so may require a podding spray to prevent appropriate disease-management strategies if
seed and pod infection. PBA Hurricane XTA has a required. PBA Herald XTA is R-MR to BGM, but
LENTIL

MR-MS rating for BGM and in disease-prone areas disease monitoring and a fungicide application for
a strategic fungicide programme for BGM will be BGM prior to canopy closure is still recommended.
required and early sowing should be avoided. PBA Herald XTA is more sensitive than most
CHICKPEA

Plant height and early vigour are improved over other varieties to group C herbicides such as
NipperA and PBA Herald XTA, improving weed metribuzin and simazine, and caution is urged with
competition and harvestability. Like PBA Herald XTA the application of these products, particularly on
and NipperA, PBA Hurricane XTA has been found variable soil types. As a natural part of its genetic
to be more sensitive to Group C herbicides such as make-up PBA Herald XTA has very low levels
FIELD PEA

metribuzin and simazine than other lentil varieties; (0.1 per cent or less) of seed with a black seed coat,
however, label rates of these herbicides have been which is classified at receival point with seeds
used on most evaluation trials. It is important to of a contrasting colour limited at one per cent.
be cautious when applying these herbicides on PBA Herald XTA is commercialised by PB Seeds.
NOTES

2020 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE 75

LENTIL

NipperA environments, particularly when sown early, a small

NipperA is rated R/MR to BGM and MR-MS to foliar reduction in seeding rate may be beneficial in this
AB infection similar to Nugget. However, in areas variety to reduce biomass and lodging. A small
with reduced plantings of NipperA, the virulent level of shattering has been observed under some
ascochyta strain has recently become infrequent, conditions in PBA AceA at maturity but it is unlikely
and isolates capable of causing disease on PBA to cause significant yield loss. PBA AceA has a grey
Hurricane XTA have not caused similar disease seed coat colour and is licensed to PB Seeds.
levels on NipperA in controlled-environment testing.
Crops should be monitored for presence of AB and PBA BoltA
strategic vegetative and podding sprays for AB PBA BoltA is a mid-flowering but early to mid-
are recommended in this variety in disease-prone maturing lentil with excellent lodging resistance at
areas if infection continues to spread. NipperA has a maturity and high yield in drought years and dry
small seed size similar to PBA Herald XTA. Nipper A, areas. It provides an alternative to PBA FlashA in all
like PBA Herald XTA, flowers later than Nugget but areas, particularly in areas where AB, harvestability
often matures earlier. NipperA is more sensitive to and drought tolerance are major issues. Like PBA
metribuzin than most other varieties and caution FlashA it has improved tolerance to boron and salt
is required to avoid application when conditions over most other varieties. PBA BoltA has moderate
are conducive to damage. NipperA is licensed to resistance (MR) to AB but is susceptible (S) to BGM,
Seednet. and this disease will need to be carefully managed
in disease prone areas. It has a grey seed coat
Medium red lentils colour and is licensed to PB Seeds.

PBA Highland XT PBA BlitzA

PBA Highland XTA will be the fourth lentil variety PBA BlitzA is suited to all current lentil-growing
to be released with improved tolerance to the areas, with particular adaptation to shorter
herbicides imazethapyr and flumetsulam, plus season areas, where its combination of early to
reduced sensitivity to some sulfonylurea and mid-flowering, early maturity, moderate disease-
imidazolinone herbicide residues. However, it is resistance to both AB and BGM, and medium seed
important to note that product label rates, plant- size will improve lentil reliability and economics of
back periods and directions for use must still be production. PBA BlitzA is the earliest maturing lentil
adhered to. PBA Highland XTA offers an improved variety and the best option where crop-topping
herbicide-tolerant lentil that is showing adaptation and/or delayed sowing are practised. It has a
to drier lentil growing regions of the Victorian good level of early vigour and an erect plant type.
Mallee and South Australia. It has medium seed PBA BlitzA is a medium-sized red lentil (larger than
size, high early vigour with early flowering and early PBA FlashA and Nugget) with a grey-coloured
to mid-maturity features. PBA Highland XTA has seed coat. PBA BlitzA has a low level of ‘pale coat
a provisional disease rating for AB of moderately Blitz’ seeds that still have red cotyledons and
resistant (MR) and moderately resistant/moderately are a natural part of the genetic make-up of the
susceptible (MR-MS) to BGM. These disease ratings variety. These do not affect the splitting or cooking
are subjected to changes when more data become characteristics of the variety. These ‘pale coat Blitz’
available. seeds are classified at receival point as seeds
of contrasting colour with a limit of one per cent
PBA AceA allowed. PBA BlitzA is commercialised by PB Seeds.
PBA AceA is a vigorous-growing, mid-flowering
and mid-maturing variety with high yield potential PBA FlashA
and broad adaptation. It provides an alternative to PBA FlashA is a red lentil with a green seed coat
Nugget in all regions. PBA AceA has high resistance and medium seed size. It has been well suited to
to AB and is rated MR-MS to BGM. PBA AceA is one shorter seasons and lower yielding lentil-growing
of the highest yielding medium red lentils in long areas where its earlier maturity improves reliability
term trials in all regions of SA and Victoria, but due of yield. It is rated moderately susceptible (MS) to
to its later maturity than PBA BoltA, PBA BlitzA and AB and requires strategic foliar fungicide sprays
PBA FlashA, it is likely to be better suited to areas prior to flowering and at podding in disease-prone
where mid-maturing varieties are favoured. PBA areas. Earlier maturity makes PBA FlashA better
AceA can be prone to lodging under conditions suited to crop-topping than Nugget and PBA
of high biomass production, often making BGM AceA, although caution is still required with this
difficult to control. When grown in favourable practice due to seasonal variation in weed and
crop maturity. PBA FlashA is rated MR-MS to BGM

76 2020 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE

 LENTIL

but has improved tolerance to both boron and salt Large red lentils
over all varieties except for PBA BoltA. PBA FlashA is
commercialised by PB Seeds. PBA Jumbo2A
PBA Jumbo2A is the highest yielding red lentil
PBA Hallmark XTA available for SA. PBA Jumbo2A was released as a
PBA Hallmark XTA was the third lentil variety to be direct replacement for PBA JumboA although grain
released with improved tolerance to the herbicides size is almost the only similarity. It has improved
imazethapyr and flumetsulam, plus reduced agronomic characteristics over PBA JumboA,
sensitivity to some sulfonylurea and imidazolinone including greater early vigour, improved lodging,
herbicide residues. However, it is important to shattering and disease resistance. It is rated R for
note that product label rates, plant-back periods AB and R-MR for BGM, but disease monitoring and
and directions for use must still be adhered to. a fungicide application prior to canopy closure are

INTRO
PBA Hallmark XTA builds on PBA Herald XTA and still recommended for the latter. It has a seed size
PBA Hurricane XTA, with higher grain yields and a and shape similar to PBA JumboA and Aldinga
different size market class. It is a mid-flowering, mid- (20 per cent larger than Nugget) but with a grey
maturing variety with medium red seed and a grey seed. As with other large-seeded varieties PBA

WHEAT
seed coat. The seed size is slightly larger than Jumbo2A is well suited to the post-harvest removal
PBA AceA and PBA BoltA but less than PBA FlashA of small broadleaf weed seeds. PBA JumboA is
and PBA BlitzA. PBA Hallmark XTA has a high licensed to PB Seeds.
resistance rating for BGM, and is rated MR-MS

BARLEY
for AB in South Australia where it may require a PBA JumboA
podding spray to prevent seed and pod infection. PBA JumboA is a high-yielding large-seeded red
Like PBA Herald XTA, NipperA and PBA Hurricane lentil. PBA JumboA is moderately susceptible (MS)
XTA, PBA Hallmark XTA has been found to be more to BGM and this disease will need to be managed

CANOLA
sensitive to Group C herbicides such as metribuzin in disease-prone areas. It is rated MR-MS to AB
and simazine than other lentil varieties; however, and this will also need to be managed in conditions
label rates of these herbicides have been used on conducive to disease. PBA JumboA has moderate
most evaluation trials. It is important to be cautious early vigour and is moderately susceptible to
when applying these herbicides on variable soil

BEANS
lodging. It has a seed size and shape similar to
types, especially if weather conditions conducive Aldinga (20 per cent larger than Nugget) but with
to crop damage are forecast. Vigour and plant a grey seed coat, and like Aldinga is well suited to
height are slightly better than PBA Hurricane XTA the post-harvest removal of small broadleaf weed
and equivalent to PBA BoltA. Similar lodging to seeds. PBA JumboA is commercialised by

LUPIN
PBA Hurricane XTA, and can still lodge under some PB Seeds.
conditions. PBA Hallmark XTA is a high-yielding
medium red lentil and is commercialised by
PB Seeds.

OAT
VETCH
LENTIL
CHICKPEA
FIELD PEA
NOTES

2020 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE 77

LENTIL

Medium and large green lentils Boomer

Boomer was the first large-seeded green lentil,
PBA GiantA released as an Australian-adapted variety for all
PBA GiantA is the largest seeded Australian green lentil-growing areas. Boomer has good early vigour
lentil available. It is a broadly adapted variety with and can produce large amounts of biomass, making
similar yield to Boomer but improved shattering it prone to lodging under favourable growing
resistance and produces a slightly larger and conditions. It is rated moderately resistant (MR) to
more consistent seed size. Although shattering foliar AB and MR-MS to BGM. Boomer is susceptible
resistance is improved over that of Boomer, it to pod infection from AB, and therefore this must be
is rated MR-MS for this trait and timely harvest managed with strategic fungicides during podding
is important to prevent seed loss. PBA GiantA to avoid disease staining on the seed coat. Boomer
has moderate resistance (MR) to AB but is rated is rated susceptible to shattering at maturity, and
moderately susceptible (MS) to BGM, and therefore therefore delayed harvest can result in grain loss
monitoring and timely application of fungicides will and also a reduction of its green seed colour
be important to ensure the control of disease. As resulting in downgrading in this variety. Boomer is
pods are susceptible to AB infection, a strategic licensed to Seednet.
fungicide application at podding may also be
required to minimise seed staining and maximise
seed quality. The large seed size may provide
opportunity for removal of small broadleaf weed
seeds from the harvested sample. PBA GiantA is
commercialised by PB Seeds.

PBA GreenfieldA
PBA GreenfieldA is the highest yielding Australian
green lentil variety. It is a medium-sized green lentil
with broad adaptation and good early vigour. It is
rated MR-MS for AB, and is moderately resistant
(MR) to BGM. PBA GreenfieldA is mid-flowering
and like the other green lentils has a mid to late-
maturity rating. PBA GreenfieldA has improved
shattering resistance over both Boomer and PBA
GiantA with an MR rating, but timely harvest is
still important to produce good-coloured seed
for ease of marketing. This may also be aided by
strategic fungicide applications during podding to
minimise seed staining from AB. PBA GreenfieldA is
commercialised by PB Seeds.

78 2020 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE

CHICKPEA
By Sarah Day, Penny Roberts, Jenny Davidson, SARDI, and Kristy Hobson, NSW DPI

INTRO
All varieties are rated as either susceptible or flowering type and has mid maturity. The seed is a
moderately susceptible to Ascochyta blight (AB) medium-sized kabuli, with a seed size larger than

WHEAT
infection. This follows observations of severe AB Genesis 090 but smaller than PBA MonarchA. PBA
on previously resistant chickpea varieties in 2015 to RoyalA is particularly well adapted to the medium-
2019 across South Australia and Victoria. Chickpea rainfall chickpea-growing regions (greater than 1.5 t/
growers now need to carefully consider their risk ha) of south-eastern Australia.

BARLEY
to AB infection along with the ability to effectively
The other two releases are expected in 2020, one
control the disease prior to choosing to grow this
is a large-seeded kabuli, the other a desi that may
crop in southern Australia. This will be the case in
have a fit for the lower rainfall environments, with
both high and low-rainfall regions as severe disease
more information to come closer to release.

CANOLA
outbreaks can still occur in the latter in all current
variety options during wet seasons such as 2016. Kabuli and desi chickpea variety options for
southern region growers remain similar in 2020
It is imperative that all chickpea seed is treated
with only one new variety release expected in
with a thiram-based fungicide to prevent seed
2019 suitable for southern chickpea-growing

BEANS
transmission of AB on to the emerging seedlings.
regions. With a combination of high yields,
The disease will also survive on stubble and
medium seed size and broad adaptation, PBA
organic matter for a number of years, so growers
MonarchA continues to be good alternative to
must observe a minimum of a three-year rotation
small-seeded kabuli varieties Genesis™ 090 and

LUPIN
between chickpeas in the same paddock, and
Genesis™ 079, and the large-seeded kabuli variety
avoid planting adjacent to last year’s chickpea
Genesis™ Kalkee. However, PBA MonarchA is now
stubble.
rated susceptible to AB, compared to a rating of
All chickpea crops will need to be regularly moderately susceptible in the other three varieties,

OAT
monitored for AB infection. Moderately susceptible making it a higher AB risk.
varieties will require three to four strategic fungicide
sprays ahead of rain events, offering two to three SELECTION CRITERIA
weeks protection, starting at six to eight weeks The list of suggested varieties for 2020 is shown in
post sowing. Susceptible varieties will require Table 1. A range of chickpea types is now available, VETCH
regular fungicide sprays every two to three weeks offering growers the opportunity to exploit particular
throughout the growing season in front of rainfall management and or market opportunities, providing
events. As the pods of all commercial varieties are AB can be managed effectively. Information on
LENTIL

susceptible to AB they will also require fungicide key selection criteria and yield for each variety can
sprays during pod setting ahead of rain fronts to be found in Tables 2, 3 and 4. When selecting a
protect the pods from seed staining and seed chickpea type and variety to grow, growers need to
abortion. make their decision on the basis of AB resistance,
CHICKPEA

There are planned new chickpea releases from the yield, price and marketability. Other agronomic
PBA breeding program in 2019 and 2020, these traits such as maturity, cold tolerance, root lesion
releases include both kabuli and desi types. The nematode susceptibility and lodging resistance also
first release is a medium kabuli, tested as CICA1156 need to be considered.
FIELD PEA

and named PBA RoyalA. It is an early to mid-

NOTES

2020 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE 79

CHICKPEA

TABLE 1 Chickpea variety sowing guide 2020.

Rainfall zone (average annual rainfall)

<400mm 400–450mm 450–500mm >500mm

DESI
PBA Slasher A
PBA Slasher A
PBA SlasherA PBA SlasherA
PBA Striker A
PBA Striker A
PBA Maiden * A
PBA MaidenA*
PBA Maiden * A
PBA Maiden * A
PBA Striker A
NeelamA
Neelam A
Neelam A
Neelam A
AmbarA
AmbarA AmbarA AmbarA
SMALL KABULI
Genesis™ 090 Genesis™ 090 Genesis™ 090 Genesis™ 090
Genesis™ 079 Genesis™ 079 Genesis™ 079
MEDIUM/LARGE KABULI
PBA MonarchA Genesis™ Kalkee Genesis™ Kalkee Genesis™ Kalkee
PBA RoyalA PBA MonarchA PBA MonarchA PBA MonarchA
PBA RoyalA PBA RoyalA PBA RoyalA
Genesis™ 114 Genesis™ 114 Genesis™ 114
AlmazA AlmazA AlmazA
* high-quality seed type

TABLE 2 Agronomic features of chickpea varieties.

Seed size (g/100 seeds)

Ascochyta Pratylenchus Pratylenchus

Kabuli main seed size

blight neglectus thornei

Lodging resistance
Market type

Resistance

Resistance
Flowering
suitability

Tolerance

Tolerance
maturity
Maturity

Foliage
height
vigour
colour

Plant
(mm)

Seed

Seed
Early

Variety
DESI TYPE
AmbarA 16 – light brown split & whole – early early short-medium S S MR – – – –
Neelam A
17 – brown split & whole – mid mid medium-tall MS S MR MRMS – MS –
premium
PBA MaidenA 21–24 – yellow-tan moderate early-mid mid short-medium S S MS MRMS – MRMS –
whole
PBA SlasherA 17–19 – light brown split & whole poor/mod mid mid short-medium S S MS MRMS – MRMS –
PBA Striker A
20–22 – light brown split & whole good early early short-medium S S MS MRMS – – –
KABULI TYPE
AlmazA 36–42 8–9 cream 8–9mm poor mid mid-late medium-tall MS S MR MRMS – VS T
Genesis™ 079 24–28 6–7 cream 6–7mm moderate early early short S S MR MRMS – MS –
Genesis™ 090 26–35 7–8 cream 6–8mm good mid mid medium MS S MR MRMS – MS T
Genesis™ Kalkee 40–46 8–9 cream 8–10mm good mid-late late tall MS S R MRMS – MS –
PBA MonarchA 37–43 8–9 cream 8–9mm poor/mod early early medium S S MS MRMS – MS –
PBA RoyalA 35–40 8–9 cream 8–9mm moderate early-mid mid medium MS S MR MRMS – MS –
Key: R = resistant, MR = moderately resistant, MS = moderately susceptible, S = susceptible, VS = very susceptible, T = tolerant, MI = moderately intolerant, I = intolerant,
NA = not available due to no data.
** AB disease ratings for southern region only

CHICKPEA TYPES a small premium has been available for types

fitting this use. Newer desi varieties have
Desi types improved seed size and colour over older
Larger seeds are preferred for desi types, varieties, such as Genesis™ 509 and Tyson,
regardless of whether they are used for splitting and are suited to whole and splitting markets.
or whole seed use. There has been an increasing They are therefore more likely to achieve the
use of large whole-seeded desi types in a range higher prices of the benchmark northern region
of food preparations in the sub-continent, and varieties (such as Jimbour).

80 2020 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE

 CHICKPEA

TABLE 3 Mid North desi and kabuli chickpea yield performance. NVT data 2014–18.
Long-term yield expressed as a percentage of mean yield.
Year 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Mean yield t/ha 1.84 1.57 2.31 0.55
Variety No. trials 2 2 1 1
DESI
AmbarA 6 97 97 105 – 80
Genesis™ 509 4 90 86 117 – 90
NeelamA 6 102 102 115 – 97
PBA MaidenA 6 104 106 96 – 97
6 104 105 108 – 102

INTRO
PBA SlasherA
PBA StrikerA 6 108 106 99 – 95
KABULI
Mean yield t/ha 2.07 2.39 1.38 2.96 2.74

WHEAT
Variety No. trials 2 2 1 1 1
Almaz A
7 96 97 122 100 100
Genesis 079 7 109 96 82 105 98
Genesis 090 7 104 99 104 108 100
Genesis Kalkee 7 95 97 89 98 96

BARLEY
PBA MonarchA 7 106 100 84 97 101
PBA RoyalA 7 104 104 123 104 105
NVT are not designed to allow comparisons of varieties between desi and kabuli chickpeas where they are not evaluated in the same trial.
Data for desi in 2017 not available due to poor seasonal conditions.

CANOLA
TABLE 4 Yorke Peninsula desi and kabuli chickpea yield performance. NVT data 2014–18.
Long-term yield expressed as a percentage of mean yield.

BEANS
Year 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Mean yield t/ha 2.17 1.45 2.32 2.28 1.21
Variety No. trials 2 2 2 2 2
DESI

LUPIN
AmbarA 10 100 100 109 104 99
Genesis™ 509 5 91 91 116 104 89
NeelamA 10 102 106 119 108 102
PBA MaidenA 10 105 106 100 101 106
PBA SlasherA 10 103 106 112 105 104

OAT
PBA StrikerA 10 108 109 96 103 107
KABULI
Mean yield t/ha 2.07 2.39 1.38 2.96 2.74

VETCH
Variety No. trials 2 2 2 2 2
Almaz A
10 95 96 114 102 95
Genesis™ 079 10 109 111 98 108 106
Genesis™ 090 10 102 106 113 106 102
LENTIL

Genesis™ Kalkee 10 96 94 91 96 96
PBA MonarchA 10 107 105 88 100 105
PBA RoyalA 10 102 106 118 106 103
NVT are not designed to allow comparisons of varieties between desi and kabuli chickpeas where they are not evaluated in the same trial.
CHICKPEA

Legend: Mean variety yield performance

Lowest Highest
FIELD PEA
NOTES

2020 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE 81

CHICKPEA

Small kabuli types prior to growing this variety, due to its unique and
favourable seed characteristics. Larger uniform seed
Bulk markets for the small kabuli Genesis™ 090 size is more likely in medium rainfall regions. Seed is
have been developed in recent years and generally licensed to Seednet.
have attracted a higher price than the desi types.
However, growers need to be aware that these PBA StrikerA
bulk markets have been oversupplied in the past PBA StrikerA is susceptible to AB and will require
by a number of overseas countries and that they regular vegetative and reproductive foliar fungicide
may have to hold seed from time to time as the sprays every two to three weeks. All chickpea seed
marketing opportunities are not always available or should be treated with a thiram-based fungicide
they may be limited in terms of size and price. Seed to prevent seed transmission of AB on to the
size is small, 6 to 8mm, so will not attract the higher emerging seedlings. PBA StrikerA is a high-yielding
prices of the larger seeded kabuli types (such as desi chickpea with very good early vigour. It is
PBA Monarch A, Genesis™ Kalkee). Further premiums an early-flowering and maturing variety and will
may be obtained by grading and selling the seed provide a high-yielding alternative to all chickpea
on size. Genesis™ 079 produces predominantly 6 varieties in the medium to low-rainfall environments
to 7mm seed for the bulk small-kabuli markets and of western and southern Australia, providing AB
generally attracts a price at the bottom end of the can be managed. PBA StrikerA has a similar plant
Genesis™ 090 range. type to PBA SlasherA but with larger seed size
than all other southern desi varieties. Seed of
Medium-large kabuli types PBA StrikerA is also light in colour and has good
PBA MonarchA, AlmazA and Genesis™ Kalkee milling characteristics. Due to its early maturity and
produce predominantly 8 to 10mm seed for AB susceptibility, PBA StrikerA is not recommended
traditional larger seeded kabuli markets where for high-rainfall and long-growing season districts.
larger seed size is imperative to attract premium Seed is licensed to Seednet.
prices. Uniformity of seed size is also important
in these markets and may be difficult to achieve AmbarA
in the large types like Genesis™ Kalkee due to its AmbarA is an early-flowering and maturing desi type
relative poor adaptation to dry finishing conditions. chickpea. It is rated as moderately susceptible to
The medium-sized type PBA MonarchA is likely AB and will require three to four strategic fungicide
to produce more uniform-sized seed under these sprays during the season ahead of rain fronts, the
conditions. sprays offering two to three weeks protection against
infection. All chickpea seed should be treated with a
NOTES ON SELECTED DESI thiram-based fungicide to prevent seed transmission
CHICKPEA VARIETIES of AB on to the emerging seedlings. Ambar has had
similar but generally lower yields than PBA SlasherA
PBA MaidenA in southern Australia. It produces a short to medium
PBA MaidenA is rated as susceptible to foliar canopy that can be difficult to harvest in some
infection by AB and will require regular vegetative seasons and it has a seed size smaller than PBA
and reproductive foliar fungicide sprays every two SlasherA and PBA StrikerA but light in colour. Seed is
to three weeks. All chickpea seed should be treated licensed to Heritage Seeds.
with a thiram-based fungicide to prevent seed
transmission of AB on to the emerging seedlings. NeelamA
PBA MaidenA is a large-seeded high-quality desi NeelamA is a mid-flowering and maturing desi type
chickpea for the medium to low-rainfall environments chickpea. It is rated as moderately susceptible to
of southern Australia. It is broadly adapted to AB and will require three to four strategic fungicide
these regions and has shown similar yields to PBA sprays during the season ahead of rain fronts,
SlasherA. PBA MaidenA has a semi-spreading the sprays offering two to three weeks protection
plant type and height similar to PBA SlasherA. It against infection. All chickpea seed should be
has a seed size greater than current southern desi treated with a thiram-based fungicide to prevent
varieties (approximately 30 per cent larger than PBA seed transmission of AB on to the emerging
SlasherA) with a yellow-tan seed coat. This variety seedlings. NeelamA has similar yields to PBA
is targeted for whole-seed markets where its large, SlasherA but lower yields than PBA StrikerA in South
angular shaped and bright yellow-tan coloured seed Australia and produces seed smaller than both
coat are well suited to the specific requirements of these varieties. NeelamA has a medium-tall plant
these markets. Growers are advised to investigate height, taller than AmberA and PBA SlasherA. Seed
delivery and marketing options for PBA MaidenA is licensed to Heritage Seeds.

82 2020 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE

 CHICKPEA

PBA SlasherA PBA MonarchA

PBA SlasherA is rated as moderately susceptible to PBA MonarchA is a high-yielding medium-sized
AB and will require three to four strategic fungicide kabuli chickpea with adaptation to all kabuli growing
sprays during the season ahead of rain fronts, areas of Australia. The AB rating for PBA MonarchA is
the sprays offering two to three weeks protection susceptible and crops will require regular vegetative
against infection. All chickpea seed should be and reproductive foliar fungicide sprays every two to
treated with a thiram-based fungicide to prevent three weeks. All chickpea seed should be treated with
seed transmission of AB on to the emerging a thiram-based fungicide to prevent seed transmission
seedlings. PBA SlasherA is high yielding in all of AB on to the emerging seedlings. It is particularly
chickpea-growing areas of SA, providing AB can be well suited to the shorter seasoned medium rainfall
managed. It has a semi-spreading plant type with environments of south-eastern Australia due to
mid flowering and mid maturity similar to Howzat. improved adaptation through earlier flowering and

INTRO
PBA SlasherA is suitable for both the split and whole maturity compared to Genesis™ 090, AlmazA and
seed markets as it has improved seed size and Genesis™ Kalkee. It is adapted to the traditional
colour over varieties like Genesis™ 509 which are kabuli chickpea-growing regions and has shown a
only suited to split seed markets. Seed is licensed to consistent and significant yield advantage over all

WHEAT
Seednet. current medium and large-seeded kabuli varieties,
providing AB can be managed. It has similar yields
PBA SeamerA, PBA HatTrickA, PBA PistolA, and larger seed size than Genesis™ 090 although is
PBA BoundaryA and PBA DrummondA higher yielding than this variety in low-yielding (<1 t/ha)

BARLEY
These varieties have been released for northern situations. In shorter growing seasons, PBA MonarchA
NSW/southern Queensland (PBA SeamerA, may have larger and more consistent seed size than
PBA HatTrickA & PBA BoundaryA) and Central other medium-sized varieties due to its earlier pod
Queensland (PBA PistolA and PBA DrummondA) filling timing. Seed is licensed to Seednet.

CANOLA
where they offer specific production advantages. All
four have limited suitability to SA and Victoria due to AlmazA
late maturity and low relative yields. AlmazA is a medium to large-seeded kabuli type. It is
moderately susceptibility to AB and will require three

BEANS
NOTES ON SELECTED KABULI to four strategic fungicide sprays during the season
CHICKPEA VARIETIES ahead of rain fronts, the sprays offering two to three
weeks protection against infection. All chickpea
PBA RoyalA seed should be treated with a thiram-based

LUPIN
PBA RoyalA is a high-yielding medium-sized kabuli fungicide to prevent seed transmission of AB on to
chickpea. It is particularly well adapted to the medium- the emerging seedlings. Almaz is a mid-flowering
rainfall chickpea-growing regions of south-eastern and mid to late-maturing variety and is lower yielding
Australia. In these regions, it has improved grain yields than Genesis™ 090 in southern Australia. Seed is
in mid to high-yielding environments (greater than licensed to Seednet.

OAT
1.5t/ha) compared to Genesis™ 090, PBA MonarchA
and Genesis™ Kalkee. The provisional AB rating for Genesis™ 079
PBA RoyalA is moderately susceptible, similar to Genesis™ 079 is a high-yielding small-seeded kabuli
type. It is rated as susceptible to AB and will require
VETCH
Genesis™ 090, and crops will now require three to
four strategic fungicide sprays during the season regular vegetative and reproductive foliar fungicide
ahead of rain fronts, the sprays offering two to three sprays every two to three weeks. All chickpea seed
weeks protection against infection. All chickpea seed should be treated with a thiram-based fungicide
should be treated with a thiram-based fungicide to to prevent seed transmission of AB on to the
LENTIL

prevent seed transmission of AB on to the emerging emerging seedlings. Genesis™ 079 has a short plant
seedlings. PBA RoyalA has medium plant height type and is an early-flowering and maturing variety
with early to mid flowering and mid maturity. Seed is that produces small seed (6 to 7mm), smaller than
CHICKPEA

licensed to Seednet. Genesis™ 090. It has produced high and consistent

yields in medium and low-rainfall districts of SA. For
seed distribution contact PB Seeds.
FIELD PEA
NOTES

2020 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE 83

Genesis™ 090
Genesis™ 090 is a small to medium seeded kabuli
(7 to 8mm). The AB rating for Genesis™ 090 is
moderately susceptible and crops will now require
three to four strategic fungicide sprays during the
season ahead of rain fronts, the sprays offering
two to three weeks protection against infection.
All chickpea seed should be treated with a thiram-
based fungicide to prevent seed transmission
of AB on to the emerging seedlings. Genesis™
090 has medium height with erect branches and
yields similar to PBA MonarchA but lower than PBA
SlasherA and PBA StrikerA. For seed distribution
contact PB Seeds.

Genesis™ Kalkee
Genesis™ Kalkee is a medium to large-seeded
kabuli type, late in flowering and large in seed size.
It is rated as moderately susceptible to AB and will
require three to four strategic fungicide sprays during
the season ahead of rain fronts, the sprays offering
two to three weeks protection against infection.
All chickpea seed should be treated with a thiram-
based fungicide to prevent seed transmission of
AB on to the emerging seedlings. It has the largest
seed size of all commercial kabuli types, hence is
more able to meet the size requirements of premium
high-valued markets. However, yield is inferior to the
small kabuli types and PBA MonarchA but generally
similar to AlmazA in SA. For seed distribution contact
PB Seeds.

84 2020 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE

FIELD PEA
By Sarah Day, Penny Roberts, Jenny Davidson, SARDI, and Gary Rosewarne and Babu Pandey, DEDJTR Victoria

INTRO
The field pea variety options for the southern ‘Blackspot Manager’ via the internet (www.agric.
region growers remain the same in 2020 with wa.gov.au/cropdiseases) or a free SMS service (to

WHEAT
no new variety releases expected in 2019. In the subscribe email Jenny Davidson: jenny.davidson@
dun pea types, PBA ButlerA, released in 2017, sa.gov.au).
provides a high-yielding ‘KaspaA type’ field pea
with improved resistance to Bacterial blight over SELECTION CRITERIA

BARLEY
KaspaA. PBA ButlerA is broadly adapted across all The list of suggested varieties is shown in Table 1
field pea production zones. In the lower yielding and is based on performance within different
environments PBA PercyA, a dimpled dun type, can rainfall zones. Information on the most important
still be the highest yielding dun type in the field pea agronomic characteristics is shown in Table 2 and

CANOLA
variety trials. White and blue peas are not being grain yield for each variety can be found in Tables 3
accepted in the bulk dun segregation, and growers to 8. When selecting a variety, growers need to
are advised to secure markets before deciding to make their selection on all the available information,
grow these pea types. PBA PearlA, a white pea, is including their individual farm and paddock

BEANS
broadly adapted and yields well in all areas of SA. situation, the access and availability of the target
The disease-forecasting model ‘Blackspot markets, and storage and handling facilities.
Manager’ predicted high Black spot risk levels Due to white and blue peas not being accepted
in many regions of SA for the 2019 season since in the bulk dun segregation, growers need to also

LUPIN
the extremely dry summer delayed fungal spore consider the different quality types within peas
release until early winter. However, the dry growing (Table 1) and where they can be delivered before
conditions kept this disease at a minimum since deciding whether to grow these types.
it relies on rain splash to spread. In some regions
delayed sowing until a reduced risk prediction

OAT
occurs is possible; however, if the risk does not
NOTES ON SELECTED VARIETIES
reduce and delayed sowing is not a viable option DUN TYPES
growers are advised to select another paddock Dun peas are segregated from white and blue peas
due to the different quality market specifications.
VETCH
or break crop to sow. If peas are still the preferred
crop of choice, growers should select paddocks not Some pea markets in India and Sri Lanka prefer
previously sown to field peas, or paddocks with at Australian dun peas due to their distinct ‘nutty’ taste.
least four years break from field peas and with a low ‘KaspaA seed type’ grain is also preferred over
history of Black spot disease infection. They should dimpled grain (such as Parafield and PBA OuraA)
LENTIL

also not sow field peas in close vicinity to last year’s in these markets due to its round shape and lack
field pea stubble, and in areas where a yield of at of dimples, allowing easier seed coat removal
least 1.5t/ha is achievable they can consider using and greater split returns. It is important to check
CHICKPEA

a fungicide strategy of P-Pickel T seed dressing segregation plans for local delivery points as some
combined with two foliar fungicide sprays (six to will segregate the ‘KaspaA seed type’ from the
10 weeks post sowing and again at early flowering). dimpled dun type.
Predictions of Black spot spore release times in
FIELD PEA

each pea growing district can be obtained through

NOTES

2020 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE 85

FIELD PEA

TABLE 1 Pea variety sowing guide 2020.

Rainfall zone (average annual rainfall)

<350mm 350–425mm 425–500mm >500mm

DUN – ‘KASPAA TYPE’
Kaspa A
Kaspa A
KaspaA KaspaA
PBA Gunyah A
PBA Butler ^ A 
PBA Butler ^ A 
PBA ButlerA ^
PBA Twilight A
PBA Gunyah A
PBA Gunyah A
PBA GunyahA
PBA Wharton A
PBA Twilight A
PBA Twilight A
PBA TwilightA
PBA WhartonA PBA WhartonA PBA WhartonA
DUN – OTHER
PBA Coogee* PBA Coogee* PBA Coogee* PBA Coogee*
PBA OuraA ^ PBA OuraA ^ PBA OuraA ^ PBA OuraA ^
PBA PercyA ^ PBA PercyA ^ PBA PercyA ^ PBA PercyA ^
Parafield Parafield Parafield Parafield
WHITE
PBA Hayman** PBA Hayman** PBA Hayman** PBA Hayman**
PBA Pearl A
PBA Pearl A
PBA Pearl A
PBA PearlA
BLUE
Excell Excell Excell Excell
Maki Maki Maki Maki
* Green manure/forage option
** Green manure/forage ONLY
^ Preferred varieties where Bacterial blight is a production constraint

TABLE 2 Variety characteristics of selected pea varieties.

Downy

Pea seedborne mosaic

Lodging resistance at

mildew

Bean leaf roll virus

Powdery mildew
Pod shattering,

Bacterial blight
Flowering time

virus (PSbMV)
Flower colour

KaspaA strain
Maturity time

(pv syringae)
Plant height

Early vigour

at maturity
Plant habit

Black spot
Seed type

Seed size

Parafield
maturity

(BLRV)
strain

Variety
KaspaA Dun (K) Me SL Me-T High Pi L M R: SP Fair-Good MR S MS S S S S
Parafield Dun Me-Lg C T High P M M MR: NSP Poor S S MS S MS – –
PBA ButlerA Dun (K) Me SL Me-T High Pi M-L E-M R: SP Fair-Good S MS MS S MR-MS S S
PBA Coogee Dun Lg C T High P M M MR: NSP Poor – – MS R MS – –
PBA GunyahA Dun (K) Me SL Me-T High Pi E-M E R: SP Fair-Good R S MS S S S S
PBA OuraA Dun Me SL Me-T High P E E MR: NSP Fair-Good MR MR-MS MS S MR-MS S R
PBA PearlA White Me-Lg SL Me-T High W E-M E MR: NSP Good MS S MR-MS S MS S R
PBA Percy A
Dun Me-Lg C T High P E E MR: NSP Poor S S MS S MR S S
PBA TwilightA Dun (K) Me SL Me-T High Pi E E R: SP Fair-Good R S MS S S S –
PBA WhartonA Dun (K) Me SL Me-T High Pi E-M E R: SP Fair-Good R S MS R S R R
Key: K = KaspaA type, Sm = small, Me = medium, Lg = large, C = conventional, SL = semi-leafless, P = purple, W = white, Pi = pink, T = tall, Sh = short, E = early, M = mid, L= late
H = high, M = moderate, L = low, S = susceptible, MS = moderately susceptible, MR = moderately resistant, R = resistant, SP = sugar pod, NSP = non-sugar pod

86 2020 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE

 FIELD PEA

TABLE 3 Lower Eyre Peninsula field pea yield performance. NVT data 2014–18.
Long-term yield expressed as a percentage of mean yield.
Year 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Mean yield t/ha 2.03 1.45 2.52 1.71 2.27
Variety No. trials 2 2 2 2 2
PBA ButlerA 10 108 106 103 103 107
PBA GunyahA 10 97 97 93 102 98
PBA OuraA 10 101 104 112 99 99
PBA PearlA 10 115 116 108 107 105
PBA PercyA 10 94 97 117 98 97
PBA TwilightA 4 95 95 – – –

INTRO
PBA WhartonA 10 97 98 97 101 95
Parafield 8 – 79 96 80 85
KaspaA 10 88 89 82 98 94

WHEAT
TABLE 4 Upper Eyre Peninsula field pea yield performance. NVT data 2015–18.
Long-term yield expressed as a percentage of mean yield.
Data for 2017 not available due to poor seasonal conditions.

BARLEY
Year 2015 2016 2018
Mean yield t/ha 1.65 2.88 0.39
Variety No. trials 1 1 1

CANOLA
PBA ButlerA 3 106 102 103
PBA GunyahA 2 – 97 100
PBA OuraA 3 94 93 106
PBA Pearl A
3 99 90 91
PBA Percy A
2 – 94 129

BEANS
PBA TwilightA 2 – 94 93
PBA WhartonA 3 98 100 94
KaspaA 3 102 92 96

LUPIN
TABLE 5 Mid North field pea yield performance. NVT data 2014–18.
Long-term yield expressed as a percentage of mean yield.
Year 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

OAT
Mean yield t/ha 1.93 1.57 3.59 2.12 1.67
Variety No. trials 5 4 5 5 3
PBA Butler A
22 95 102 108 102 102
PBA GunyahA 20 94 96 99 98 96
PBA OuraA 22 104 99 99 98 99 VETCH
PBA PearlA 22 103 106 102 103 103
PBA Percy A
20 97 89 103 93 93
PBA Twilight A
14 96 97 93 97 95
LENTIL

PBA WhartonA 22 107 101 93 101 100

Parafield 11 87 80 87 79 83
KaspaA 22 86 91 95 92 91
CHICKPEA

Legend: Mean variety yield performance

Lowest Highest
FIELD PEA
NOTES

2020 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE 87

FIELD PEA

TABLE 6 Yorke Peninsula field pea yield performance. NVT data 2014–18.
Long-term yield expressed as a percentage of mean yield.
Year 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Mean yield t/ha 2.50 1.56 4.01 2.96 2.82
Variety No. trials 2 2 3 3 1
PBA ButlerA 11 105 107 113 106 103
PBA GunyahA 11 96 100 99 98 97
PBA OuraA 11 98 96 101 94 98
PBA PearlA 11 103 104 110 101 98
PBA PercyA 11 94 94 105 86 97
PBA TwilightA 6 93 97 92 95 –
PBA WhartonA 11 97 97 87 97 99
Parafield 7 – 76 93 78 87
Kaspa A
11 90 96 97 94 93

TABLE 7 Murray Mallee field pea yield performance. NVT data 2014–17.
Long-term yield expressed as a percentage of mean yield.
Data for 2018 not available.
Year 2014 2015 2016 2017
Mean yield t/ha 1.20 1.13 2.85 1.08
Variety No. trials 1 1 1 1
PBA Butler A
4 99 92 115 107
PBA GunyahA 4 90 97 100 95
PBA OuraA 4 116 105 99 103
PBA PearlA 4 126 107 115 120
PBA PercyA 4 106 99 96 92
PBA Twilight A
2 91 102 – –
PBA Wharton A
4 104 113 88 99
Parafield 3 – 76 80 63
KaspaA 4 74 86 96 83

TABLE 8 South East field pea yield performance. NVT data 2014–18.
Long-term yield expressed as a percentage of mean yield.
Data for 2016 not available due to poor seasonal conditions.
Year 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Mean yield t/ha 1.09 1.19 3.99 3.07 2.86
Variety No. trials 1 1 1 1 1
PBA ButlerA 5 99 102 111 116 101
PBA GunyahA 5 102 97 96 97 94
PBA Oura A
5 80 99 96 100 94
PBA PearlA 5 77 111 109 119 92
PBA PercyA 5 79 88 88 93 87
PBA TwilightA 2 102 98 – – –
PBA WhartonA 5 108 103 93 88 100
Parafield 4 – 71 74 75 79
KaspaA 5 97 90 91 92 89

Legend: Mean variety yield performance

Lowest Highest

88 2020 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE

 FIELD PEA

KaspaA seed type PBA TwilightA

PBA TwilightA is a ‘KaspaA seed type’ with similar
PBA ButlerA attributes to PBA GunyahA. It has a shorter
PBA ButlerA is a ‘KaspaA type’ field pea with high flowering period and is earlier in maturity than
yields and improved resistance to Bacterial blight PBA GunyahA, making it well suited to the low
over KaspaA. It is mid to late flowering, early to mid rainfall and very short season field pea–growing
maturing and offers the same agronomic benefits environments. Widespread evaluation over a
of lodging and shattering resistance as KaspaA. number of years shows that it is higher yielding
PBA ButlerA has a medium seed size with a yellow than KaspaA when yield potential is below 1.5t/ha.
split and a uniform tan seed coat colour that is Its disease resistance profile is similar to KaspaA
similar to KaspaA. It has a semi-leafless plant type and therefore not well suited to Bacterial blight–
with vigorous plant growth and is rated MS to Black prone environments. Despite being susceptible to

INTRO
spot and the ‘KaspaA strain’ of downy mildew. Powdery mildew it is likely that PBA TwilightA will
PBA ButlerA has wide adaptation across southern incur less yield loss from this disease than KaspaA
Australia and performs particularly well in medium due to its earlier maturity. PBA TwilightA is licensed
to long-growing seasons in SA and may reduce to Seednet.

WHEAT
yield losses in regions where Bacterial blight is
a significant disease. Seed is available from the KaspaA
commercial partner Seednet. KaspaA is a semi-leafless, late-flowering variety
with resistance to shattering, good early-season

BARLEY
PBA WhartonA vigour and moderate resistance to lodging. Kaspa A
PBA WhartonA is a ‘KaspaA seed type’ dun pea is susceptible to Powdery mildew, Black spot and
offering improved Powdery mildew and virus the ‘KaspaA strain’ of downy mildew. The seed of
resistances (bean leaf roll and pea seed borne KaspaA is distinct from traditional dun types (such

CANOLA
mosaic viruses). It provides the same agronomic as Parafield) in that it is red-brown in colour and
benefits as KaspaA (for example, lodging and almost spherical in shape. KaspaA needs to be
shattering resistance), has some tolerance to boron considered carefully before use as an option in low-
toxicity, is moderately tolerant to salinity and will rainfall areas or areas prone to early periods of high

BEANS
provide a reliable alternative in those areas where temperature and drought stress due to its late and
Powdery mildew and viruses are regular problems. condensed flowering period. KaspaA also should
PBA WhartonA is early to mid flowering and early be considered carefully in areas prone to frequent
maturing, making it well suited to the practices of severe vegetative frosts due to potential for yield
crop-topping and delayed sowing for blackspot

LUPIN
loss to Bacterial blight. KaspaA is under contract to
management. Seed is licensed to Seednet. Seednet.

PBA GunyahA Traditional dimpled dun seed type

PBA GunyahA is a ‘KaspaA seed type’ field pea

OAT
with earlier and longer flowering than KaspaA and PBA OuraA
higher yield in shorter season environments and PBA OuraA is a high-yielding early to mid-
drier seasons (yield potential below 2.25t/ha) than flowering semi-dwarf dun variety with high yields
this variety. It is early to mid flowering and early and improved resistance (MR-MS) to Bacterial
maturing, making it more suitable than KaspaA to blight (pv syringae) over Kaspa A, PBA GunyahA, VETCH
the practice of crop-topping. It is better suited to PBA TwilightA and PBA WhartonA. This line has
delayed sowing than KaspaA for blackspot disease broad adaptation and high yield potential in short
management. Its disease resistance profile is growing seasons. It produces non sugar-type pods
LENTIL

similar to KaspaA and therefore not well suited and has fair to good lodging resistance at maturity.
to Bacterial blight–prone environments. Despite PBA OuraA seed is dimpled and not a ‘KaspaA
being susceptible to Powdery mildew it is likely seed type’. PBA OuraA has improved resistance
that PBA GunyahA will incur less yield loss from
CHICKPEA

(MR-MS) to the ‘KaspaA’ strain of downy mildew and

this disease than KaspaA due to its earlier maturity. improved tolerance to metribuzin herbicide over
PBA GunyahA is licensed to Seednet. KaspaA. Seed is licensed to Seednet.
FIELD PEA
NOTES

2020 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE 89

FIELD PEA

PBA PercyA BLUE TYPES

PBA Percy is an early-flowering conventional dun
A
(GREEN COTYLEDONS)
variety with improved resistance (MR) to Bacterial Some blue pea varieties are for specific premium
blight (pv syringae) over all other varieties, making value markets, which are usually only small. Quality
it a preferred option in areas prone to this disease. is paramount in these markets used predominantly
Its early flowering and early maturity make it well for canning and snack food. Important parameters
suited to delayed sowing for disease management include damage by insects, bleaching of seed coat
and the agronomic practice of crop-topping. It is and consistency of seed colour.
moderately tolerant to salinity and produces non
sugar-type pods similar to PBA OuraA. PBA PercyA Two blue field pea varieties, Excell and Maki, have
seed is dimpled and not a ‘KaspaA seed type’. been available to growers in the past. Maki is
PBA PercyA generally produces yields similar to best suited to the north-eastern field pea growing
PBA OuraA but in low rainfall environments can be areas of northern Australia, and limited testing has
the highest yielding dun variety in trials. Seed is occured in southern Australia. Both varieties are
licensed to Seednet. outclassed for yield and agronomic adaptation
by the newer dun and white pea releases in the
PBA CoogeeA southern region of Australia and they have a
relatively poor disease-resistance profile, as shown
PBA CoogeeA is a mid-flowering and mid-maturing
in Table 2.
conventional dun pea suitable for either grain or
forage production. It has higher grain yield and
similar biomass production to Morgan PSE 23A,
and grain yield between Parafield and KaspaA.
Flowering and pod set is generally slightly later than
both Parafield and KaspaA. PBA Coogee is resistant
to Powdery mildew and has improved tolerance to
soil boron and salinity compared to other varieties.
Seed is licensed to Seednet.

WHITE TYPES
White peas cannot be delivered to bulk export
markets with dun peas. Some high-quality
specialised white peas may fit into specific premium
value markets for split peas. Higher prices may be
achieved if supplying specific niche markets, but
these markets may be small. Small-seeded white
peas are likely to only suit domestic stock feed
markets. Growers are advised to secure markets
before deciding to grow these pea types.

PBA PearlA
PBA PearlA is a semi-leafless white pea variety
which is broadly adapted and the highest yielding
field pea in long-term evaluation trials in all areas
of SA. It has an erect growth habit, often with
excellent lodging resistance at maturity. It is early
to mid flowering and produces non sugar-type
pods similar to PBA OuraA. It has a favourable
disease-resistance profile, with good resistance to
bean leaf roll virus, and moderate susceptibility to
Bacterial blight. Seed is available through Seednet
and growers are advised to secure markets before
deciding to grow white peas as they cannot be
delivered to bulk dun or KaspaA type export
markets.

90 2020 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE

 NOTES

2020 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN CROP SOWING GUIDE

91
NOTES FIELD PEA CHICKPEA LENTILS VETCH OATS LUPINS BEANS CANOLA BARLEY WHEAT INTRO
NVT
CANOLA | WHEAT | BARLEY | CHICKPEA | FABA BEAN | FIELD PEA |
LENTIL | LUPIN | OAT | SORGHUM

Long Term Yield Reporter

New web-based high speed Yield Reporting tool, easy-to-use means of accessing
and interpreting the NVT Long Term MET (Multi Environment Trial) results.

http://app.nvtonline.com.au/

Crop Disease Au App Long Term Yield App

Access to current disease Easy access to the analysed
resistance ratings & NVT Multi Environment
disease information. Trial (MET) data.

www.nvtonline.com.au