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1-1 - Kinematics Motion Along Straigt Line

This document provides an overview of kinematics concepts related to motion along a straight line, including definitions of displacement, velocity, acceleration, and descriptions of uniform and non-uniform motion. Learning objectives include solving problems involving constant acceleration, interpreting graphs of position, velocity and acceleration over time, and applying kinematic equations. Several sample problems are provided involving motion under gravity or constant acceleration.

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Joanna Lee
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469 views14 pages

1-1 - Kinematics Motion Along Straigt Line

This document provides an overview of kinematics concepts related to motion along a straight line, including definitions of displacement, velocity, acceleration, and descriptions of uniform and non-uniform motion. Learning objectives include solving problems involving constant acceleration, interpreting graphs of position, velocity and acceleration over time, and applying kinematic equations. Several sample problems are provided involving motion under gravity or constant acceleration.

Uploaded by

Joanna Lee
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PHY01

General Physics 1
Topic 03-1
KINEMATICS
Motion Along a Straight Line

Learning Competencies

Convert a verbal description of a physical situation involving uniform


acceleration in one dimension into a mathematical description
Recognize whether or not a physical situation involves constant velocity or
constant acceleration
Interpret displacement and velocity, respectively, as areas under velocity vs.
time and acceleration vs. time curves
Interpret velocity and acceleration, respectively, as slopes of position vs. time
and velocity vs. time curves
Construct velocity vs. time and acceleration vs. time graphs, respectively,
corresponding to a given position vs. time-graph and velocity vs. time graph and
vice versa
Solve for unknown quantities in equations involving one-dimensional uniformly
accelerated motion

surface is nearly constant and approximately 9.8 m/s2 in free-fall problems


Solve problems involving one-dimensional motion with constant acceleration in
-
rocket launch, and free-fall problems
Motion in One Dimension
As a first step in studying classical
mechanics, we describe the motion
of an object.
In physics, we can categorize motion
into three types:
Translational
Rotational
Vibrational
In our study of translational motion,
we use what is called the particle
model and describe the moving
object as a particle regardless of its
size.

Position and Displacement


position is the location
of the particle with respect to a chosen
reference point (origin) at any given
time.
The displacement of a particle is
defined as its change in position in
some time interval.
As the particle moves from an initial
position to a final position , its
displacement is given by
Distance vs. Displacement
Distance is the length of a path followed
by a particle.
Distance is always represented as a
positive number, whereas displacement
can be either positive or negative.
Displacement is an example of a vector
quantity.
Distance is a scalar quantity
In this topic, we use positive (+) and
negative ( ) signs to indicate vector
direction.

Speed and Velocity


The average velocity of a particle is
displacement
divided by the time interval during
which that displacement occurs
The average speed of a particle, a
scalar quantity, is defined as the total
distance traveled divided by the total
time interval required to travel that
distance
Exercise 3-1
Find the displacement, average velocity and
average speed of the car between A and F.

Instantaneous velocity and speed


Instantaneous velocity
of a particle at a
particular instant in
time

Instantaneous speed of a particle is defined as


the magnitude of its instantaneous velocity.
Acceleration
The average acceleration
of the particle is
defined as the change in
velocity divided by the
time interval during
which that change occurs

Instantaneous acceleration
(or

Force and Acceleration


nd law of motion generally states that the force
on an object is proportional to the acceleration of the
object:

This proportionality indicates that acceleration is caused by


force and acceleration follows the direction of the force.
Velocity and Acceleration

Motion Diagrams (x-t graph)


Motion Diagrams

Uniformly Accelerated Motion (UAM)


For objects moving in a constant acceleration:

These equations are also


known as the
KINEMATIC EQUATIONS

May be used to solve any


problem involving a
particle under constant
acceleration in one
dimension.
Exercise 3-2
An Avengers quinjet jet lands on a S.H.I.E.L.D.
helicarrier at a speed of 226.8 kph.
(a) What is its acceleration (assumed
constant) if it stops in 2.00 s due to an
arresting cable that snags the jet and
brings it to a stop?
(b) If the jet touches down at position ,
what is its final position?
Exercise 3-3
Green Arrow rides his motorcycle ad headed east
through Star City and accelerates at a constant
after he leaves the city limits. At time
he is 5.0 m east of the city-limits signpost, moving
east at 15 m/s.
(a) Find his position and velocity at t = 2.0 s.
(b) Where is he when his velocity is 25 m/s?
Exercise 3-4
A motorist traveling with a constant speed of 15 m/s passes a
school-crossing corner, where the speed limit is 10 m/s. Just
as the motorist passes the school-crossing sign, a police officer
on a motorcycle stopped there starts in pursuit with a constant
acceleration of 3.0 m/s2.
(a) How much time elapses before the officer passes the
motorist?
(b)
(c) At that time, what distance has each vehicle traveled?
Freely Falling Objects
A freely falling object is any object
moving freely under the influence of
gravity alone.
Any freely falling object experiences
an acceleration whose magnitude is
g = 9.8 m/s2 and is directed
downward.

Exercise 3-5
A stone is dropped from the roof of a building, 30.0 m above
the ground. (a) How long does it take the stone to reach the
ground? (b) What is the speed of the stone at impact?
Exercise 3-6
A stone thrown from the top of a building is given
an initial velocity of 20.0 m/s straight upward. The
stone is launched 50.0 m above the ground, and
the stone just misses the edge of the roof on its
way down as shown in the figure.
(a) Using as the time the stone leaves the
A, determine the
time at which the stone reaches its maximum
height.
(b) Find the maximum height of the stone.
(c) Determine the velocity of the stone when it
returns to the height from which it was
thrown.
(d) Find the velocity and position of the stone at
s.
(e) How long will it take to reach the ground?
(f) How fast is the stone moving before it hits the
ground?
Exercise 3-7
A hot-air balloon is ascending at the rate of 12.0 m/s
and is 80.0 m above the ground when a package is
dropped over the side. (a) How long does the package
take to reach the ground? (b) With what speed does it
hit the ground?
Exercise 3-8
A stone is thrown vertically downward with an initial
speed of 12.0 m/s from the roof of a building, 30.0 m
above the ground. (a) How long does it take the stone
to reach the ground? (b) What is the speed of the
stone at impact?

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