I-YEAR JEE (MAIN) MATHEMATICS MATHEMATICAL REASONING

M AT HEM ATI CAL REASONI NG

SYNO PSI S
I. STATEMENTS 9. Conditional or Implication :- The conditional or
1. A statement is a sentence which is either true or implication connective  (read as IF .....THEN or
false but not both. We denote statements by lower IMPLIES) is defined between two given statements
case letters such as p , q , r , ........ p, q by the following truth table. The implication “if
2. The truthness or falsity of a statement is called its
p then q ” is denoted by p  q or p  q
truth value. Truth fulness of a statement is denoted
by T while its falsity is denoted by F. A true statement cannot imply a false statement ,
3. Two statements are said to be equivalent if the two p  q is true always except the case when p is true
statement have the same truth values. If the and q is fasle
statements p and q are equivalent then it is denoted
p q p q
by p = q
4. Many statements are the combination of simple T T T

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statmenents with some connecting words. These T F F

EM
words are called connectives. Some connectives are
F T T
‘and’.‘or’, ‘if........then’. ‘if and only if’
5. A statement which is composed of some simple F F T

) AD
statements with the connectives is called
compound statement. 10. If p and q are two statements such that p  q .
6. Negation :- The negation connective (read as Then p is called hypothesis and q is called
~

N C
NOT) is defined for a given statement p by the conclusion
AI L A
following truth table. The negation of the statement
p is denoted by ~ p .
11. Biconditional or Bi - implication : The bioconditional
connective  (read as IF AND ONLY IF or IMPLIES
AND IMPLIED BY) is defined between two given
(M A

p ~p statements p, q by the following truth table. The bi -

E ON

T F implication “ p if and only if q ” is denoted by

p  q or p  q .
F T
JE TI

The biconditional of p and q is the conjuction of the

7. Disjuction : The disjunction connective  (read as two conditionals p  q and q  p . If p and
CA

OR) is defined between two given statements p, q q have the same truth value then p  q is true. If
by the following truth table. The disjunction of p, q p and q have opposite truth values then p  q is
U

is denoted by p  q . The disjunction of two o false

ED

statements is false only when both the statements

are false. p q p  q

T T T
p q pq
R.

T F F
T T T
F T F
S.

T F T
F F T
F T T

F F F 12. Converse : Let p, q be two statments. “If q then p ”

is called the converse of “if p then q ”. Thus the
8. Conjuction : The conjunction connective  (read as
converse of p  q is q  p
AND ) is defined between two given statements
p, q by the following truth table. The conjuction of 13. Inverse : Let p, q be two statements. “If ~ p then
p, q is denoted by p  q . ~ q ”is called the inverse of “ if p then q ”. Thus the
The conjunction of two statement is true only when inverse of p  q is ~ p  ~ q .
both the statements are true. 14. Contrapositive : Let p, q be two statements. “If
p q pq ~ q then ~ p ” is called the contrapositive of “ if p
T T T then q ”. Thus the contrapositive of p  q is

~ q~ p
T F F

F T F The following is truth table for the conditional,

F F F converse, inverse, contrapositive statements

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I-YEAR JEE (MAIN) MATHEMATICS MATHEMATICAL REASONING

p q Conditional Converse Inverse Contrapositive

EXERCISE- I
~ p ~q ~q  ~ p
pq q p
1. Denial of a statement is caled is
T T T T T T
1) Negation 2) Converse
T F F T T F 3) Inverse 4) Truth value
2. “Earth is a plante”. the negation of this statement is
F T T F F T
1) The earth is round 2) The earth is not round
F F T T T T 3) The earth revolves round the sun
4) The earth is not a planet
15. A compound statement which contains only T in the 3. The conjuction of the statements,“2 is even”;“Its
last column of its truth table is called a square is even”, is
tautology. 1) 2 is even and its square is even
16. A compound statement which contains only F in the 2) 2 is even or its square is even
last column of its truth table is called a 3) 2 is even but its square is not even
contradiction. 4) 2 is not even and its square is not even
17. Two compound statements are said to be logically 4. The disjunction of the statement,“It is raining”;“The

Y
equivalent if their truth tables are identical. If the sun is shining” is

EM
compound statements p and q are logically 1) It is raining and the sun is shining
2) It is raining or the sun is shining
equivalent then it is denoted by p  q . 3) It is raining and the sun is not shining
18. Algebra of statements :

) AD
4) It is not raining or the sun is not shining
i) Idempotent laws : (a) p  p  p (b) p  p  p 5. The implication of x + 3 = 8, 2x + 5 = 10 is
1) x + 3 = 8 and 2x + 5 = 10
ii) Associtive laws : (a) ( p  q)  r  p  (q  r )

N C
2) x + 3 = 8 or 2x + 5 = 10
(b) ( p  q)  r  p  (q  r ) AI L A 3) If x + 3 = 8 then 2x + 5 = 10
4) x + 3 = 8 only if 2x + 5 = 10
iii) Commutative laws : (a) p  q  q  p
6. 7  10 Write the statement using the appropriate
(b) p  q  q  p
(M A
connective
iv) Distributive laws : 1) ~ (7  10) 2) ~ (7  10) 3) ~ (-7  10) 4) (  7   10)
E ON

(a) p  (q  r )  (p  q)  ( p  r )
7. p : x is odd : q : x2 is odd. The symbolic form of “x is
(b) p  (q  r )  (p  q)  ( p  r ) even or x2 is odd” is
JE TI

v) De Morgan’s laws :
1) p  q 2) p  q 3) ( ~ p)  q 4) p  ( ~ q)
(a)
~ ( p  q)  (~ p)  (~ q )
CA

2
8. p : x is odd ; q : x is odd. The symbolic form of ‘x is
(b)
~ ( p  q)  (~ p)  (~ q ) even iff x2 is even” is
U

vi) Identity laws : (a) p  F  p (b) p  T  p 1) p  q 2) p  ( ~ q) 3) ( ~ p)  q 4) ( ~ p)  ( ~ q)

(c) p  T  T (d) p  F  F
ED

9. The truth value of “if 3 x 6 = 20 then 2 + 7 = 9” is

vii) Complement laws : (a) p  ( 1) T 2) F 3) T or F 4) T and F
~ p)  T 10. Which of the following is true ?
(b) p  (
~ p)  F 1) 4 + 3 = 10  4 x 3 =12
R.

2) 4 x 7 = 28  4 + 7 = 1
viii) Involution laws : (a)
~ (~ p)  p
S.

3) 5 x 8 = 40  8  2= 5 4) 6  3 = 3  6 x 3 = 18
~ T  F, ~ F  T
(b)
11. Which of the following is true ?
1) 2 + 4 = 5 or 4 + 2 = 3 2) 3 + 5 = 8 and 3 x 2 = 6
3) x2 = 4  x = 2 4) 3 x 7 = 10  1 x 2 = 3
12. Which of the following is true ?
1) 3  5  8  1  2  3 2) 3 x 5  8  2 x 3  6
3) 2  4  5  4  2  3 4) 3  5  8  1 x 0  10
13. Which of the following is true ?
1) 3 + 7 = 10  1+ 2 = 3 2) 3 +7 = 10  1+ 2 = 2
3) 3 x 7 = 10  1 x 3 = 3 4) 3 + 7 = 8  1 x 2 = 2
14. Biconditional statements are given below. The true
statement among them is :
1) 5 x  10 = 0  x = 3
2) x2  16 = 0  (x + 4) (x  4) = 0
3) x2 = 1  x = 1 4) x2 + 9 = 0  x = 3

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15. Which of the following statement is false ? 24. The inverse of “if in a triangle ABC, AB > AC then
1) x2  9 = (x + 3) (x  3), x  R  C   B ” is ( Here | means not greater than)
2) x2 + 1 = 0  x  R 1) If in a triangle ABC,  C   B then AB > AC
3) x + 3 = 5  x { 2 } 4) x2 + 1 = 0  x  R 2) If in a trinagle ABC, AB | AC , then  C |   B
16. If p is false, q is true then which of the following is 3) If in a triangle ABC,  C |  B , then AB | AC
false ?
4) If in a traingle ABC,  C |  B then AB > AC
1) ~ ( p  q ) 2) ~ p 3) ~ p  q 4) ~ q
25. The contrapositive of “if in a triangle ABC, AB > AC
17. The converse of “if two triangles are congruent then
they are similar” is then  C   B ”is ( Here | means not greater than)
1) If two triangles are similar then they are congruent 1) If in a triangle ABC,  C   B then AB > AC
2) If two triangles are not congruent then they are 2) If in a triangle ABC, AB | AC , then C | B
not similar
3) If two triangles are not similar then they are not 3) If in a triangle ABC,  C |   B , then AB | AC
congruent
4) If in a trianlge ABC,  C |   B , then AB > AC
4) None
26. The converse of “if a triangle is equilateral then it is

Y
18. The inverse of “if two triangles are congruent then
isosceles” is

EM
they are similar” is
1) If two triangles are similar then they are not 1) If a triangle is isoscles then it is equilateral
congrent 2) If a triangle is not equilateral then it is not isoscles
2) If two triangles are not congruent then they are 3) If a triangle is not isosceles then it is not equilateral

) AD
not similar 4) If a trianlge is not isosceles then it is equilateral
3) If two triangles are not similar then they are not 27. The inverse of “if a triangle is equilateral then it is
congruent isosceles” is

N C
4) None 1) If a triangle is isosceles then it is equilateral
19. AI L A
The contrapositive of “if two triangles are congruent
then they are similar” is
2) If a triangle is not equilateral then it is not isosceles
3) If a triangle is not isosceles then it is not equilateral
1) If two triangles are similar then they are congruent 4) If a triangle is not isosceles then it is equilateral
(M A

2) If two triangles are not congruent then they are 28. The contrapositive of “if a triangle is equilateral then
it is isosceles” is
E ON

not similar
3) If two triangles are not similar then they are not 1) If a triangle is isosceles then it is equilateral
congruent 2) If a triangle is not equilateral then it is not isosceles
4) None 3) If a triangle is not isosceles then it is not equilateral
JE TI

20. The Converse of “if in a trangle ABC, AB = AC then 4) If a triangle is not isosceles then it is equilateral
29. The converse of “if a polygon is a square then it is a
 B   C ” is
CA

rectangle” is
1) If in a triangle ABC,  B   C then AB = AC
1) If a polygon is a rectangle then it is a square
2) If in a triangle ABC, AB  AC then B  C 2) If a polygon is not a square then it is not a rectangle
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3) If in a triangle ABC, B  C then AB  AC 3) If a polygon is not a rectangle then it is not a

square
ED

4) If in a triangle ABC, B  C then AB = AC

4) If a polygon is not a rectangle then it is square
21. The inverse of “if in a triangle ABC, AB = AC then
30. The inverse of “if a polygon is a square then it is
B  C ” is rectangle” is
R.

1) If in a triangle ABC, B  C then AB = AC 1) If a polygon is a rectangle then it is a square

2) If in a triangle ABC, AB  AC then B  C 2) If a polygon is not a square then it is not a rectangle
S.

3) If a plygon is not a rectangle then it is not a square

3) If in a triangle ABC, B  C then AB  AC 4) If a polygon is not a rectangle then it is a square
4) If in a triangle ABC, B  C then AB = AC 31. The contrapositive of “if a polygon is a square then it
22. The contrapositive of “if in a triangle ABC, AB =AC is a rectangle” is
then B  C ” is 1) If a polygon is a rectangle then it is a square
2) If a polygon is not a square then it is a not a
1) If in a triangle ABC, B  C then AB = AC rectangle
2) If in a triangle ABC, AB  AC then B  C 3) If a polygon is not a rectangle then it is not a
3) If in a triangle ABC, B  C then AB  AC square
4) If a polygon is not a rectangle then it is a square
4) If in a triangle ABC, B  C then AB= AC
32. The converse of “if x  A  B then x  A or x  B ”
23. The converse of “if in a triangle ABC, AB > AC then
is
 C   B ” is ( Here | means not greater than) 1) If x  A or x  B then x  A  B
1) If in a triangle ABC,  C   B , then AB > AC
2) If x  A  B then x  A and x  B
2) If in a triangle ABC, AB |  AC , then  C |   B
3) If x  A and x  B then x  A  B
3) If in a trinagle ABC,  C |  B then AB | AC
4) If x  A and x  B then x  A  B
4) If in a triangle ABC,  C |   B then AB > AC

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33. The inverse of “if x  A  B then x  A or x  B ”is 1) If x will win then x has courage
2) If x has no courage then x will not win
1) If x  A or x  B then x  A  B
3) If x will not win then x has no courage
2) If x  A  B then x  A and x  B 4) If x will not win then x has courage
44. The converse of “if x is healthy then x is wealth” is
3) If x  A and x  B then x  A  B
1) If x is wealthy then x is healthy
4) If x  A and x  B then x  A  B 2) If x is not wealthy then x is not healthy
34. The contrapositive of “if x  A  B then 3) If x is not healthy then x is not wealthy
4) If x not healthy then x is wealthy
x  A or x  B ” is 45. The inverse of “if x is healthy then x is wealthy” is
1) If x  A or x  B then x  A  B 1) If x is wealthy then x is healthy
2) If x  A  B then x  A and x  B 2) If x is not wealthy then x is not healthy
3) If x not healthy then x is not wealthy
3) If x  A and x  B then x  A  B
4) If x is not healthy then x is wealthy
4) If x  A and x  B then x  A  B 46. The contrapositive of “if x is healthy then x is wealthy”
35. The converse of “if x  A  B then x  A and is
1) If x is wealthy then x is healthy
x  B ” is

Y
2) If x is not wealthy then x is not wealthy
1) If x  A and x  B then x  A  B

EM
3) If x is not healthy then x is not wealthy
2) If x  A  B then x  A or x  B 4) If x is not healthy then x is wealthy
47. The converse of “if x is old then x is clever” is
3) If x  A or x  B then x  A  B
1) If x is clever then x is old

) AD
4) If x  A or x  B then x  A  B 2) If x is not old then x is not clever
36. The inverse of “if x  A  B then x  A and x  B ” 3) If x is not clever then x is not old
4) If x is not clever then x is old

N C
is
1) If x  A and x  B then x  A  B 48. The inverse of “if x is old then x is clever” is
2) If x  A  B then x  A or x  B
AI L A 1) If x clever then x is old
2) If x is not old then x is not clever
3) If x  A or x  B then x  A  B 3) If x is not clever then x is not old
(M A

4) If x  A or x  B then x  A  B 4) If x is not clever then x is old

E ON

49. The contrapositive of “if x is old then x is clever” is

37. The contrapositive of “if x  A  B then x  A and
1) If x is clever then x is old
x  B ” is 2) If x is not old then x is not clever
1) If x  A and x  B then x  A  B 3) If x is not clever then x is not old
JE TI

2) If x  A  B then x  A or x  B 4) If x is not clever then x is old

50. p : he is hard working, q : he will win, the symbolic
CA

3) If x  A or x  B then x  A  B form of “he is hard working but not going to win” is

4) If x  A or x  B then x  A  B 1) p  q 2) p  (~ q) 3) p  (~ q) 4) (~ p)  q
U

38. The converse of “if x2 = 1 then x = 1” is 51. p : he is hard working , q : he will win. The symbolic
1) If x = 1 then x2 = 1 2) If x2  1 then x  1
ED

form of “if he is hard working then he will win” is

2 1) p  q 2) q  p 3) p  q 4) q  p
3) If x  1 then x  1 4) If x  1 then x2 = 1
52. p : he is hard working, q : he will win. The symbolic
39. The inverse of “if x2 = 1 then x = 1” is
R.

form of “if he will not win then he is not hard working”

1) If x = 1 then x2 = 1 2) If x2  1 then x  1 is
S.

3) If x  1 then x2  1 4) If x  1 then x2 = 1 1) p  q 2) (~ p)  (~ q) 3 )
2
40. The contrapositive of “if x = 1 then x = 1” is (~ q)  (~ p) 4) (~ q)  p
2 2 53. p : she is beautiful, q : she is intelligent. The symbolic
1) If x = 1 then x = 1 2) If x  1 then x  1
2 2 form of “she is neither beautiful nor intelligent” is
3) If x  1 then x  1 4) If x  1 then x = 1
41. The converse of “if x has courage then x will win” is 1) p  q 2) (~ p)  q 3) p  (~ q) 4) (~ p)  (~ q)
1) If x will win then x has courage 54. p : she is beautiful, q : she is intelligent. The symbolic
2) If x has no courage then x will not win form of “if she is intelligent then she is beautiful, is
3) If x will not win then x has no courage 1) p  q 2) q  p 3) p  ~ q 4) (~ q)  (~ p)
4) If x will not win then x has courage.
55. p : she is beautiful, q : she is intelligent. The symbolic
42. The inverse of “if x has courage then x will win” is
form of “if she is not beautiful then she is not intelligent”
1) If x will win then has courage
is
2) If x has no courage then x will not win
3) If x will not win then x has no courage 1) p  (~ q) 2) (~ p)  q
4) If x will not win then x has courage
43. The contrapositive of “if x has courage then x will 3) (~ p)  (~ q) 4) (~ q)  (~ p)
win “ is 56. p : she is beautiful, q : she is happy. The symbolic
form of “if she is not happy then she is not beautiful”

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I-YEAR JEE (MAIN) MATHEMATICS MATHEMATICAL REASONING
is
1) p  (~ q ) 2) (~ p )  q PREVIOUS AIEEE QIESTIONS
3) (~ p )  (~ q ) 4) (~ q )  (~ p )
57. p : he is hard working, q : he is intelligent. Then 1. The statement p  (q  p ) is equivalent to
(~ q )  (~ p ) means 1) p  ( p  q ) 2) p  p  q
1) If he is hard working then he is not intelligent 3) p  p  q 4) q  p  q
2) If he is not hard working then he is intelligent 2. Statement -1~(p  ~ q ) is equivalent to p  q
3) If he is not intelligent then he is not hard working Statement - 2 (~p (  ~q) is a tautology
4) If he is not intelligent then he is hard working
1) Statement -1 is true ,Statement -2 is true; statement
58. p : she is beautiful; q : she is intelligent. Then
-2 is a correct explanation for statement - 1
(~ p )  (~ q ) means 2) Statement -1 is true,Statement -2 is true ; Statement
1) She is beautiful but not intelligent -2 is NOT ,a correct explanation for statement - 1
2) She is intelligent but not beautiful 3) Statement -1 is True,Statement -2 is false
3) She is neigther beautiful nor intelligent 4) Statement-1 is false,Statement -2 is True.
4) She is not beautiful or she is not intelligent 3. Consider the following statements
59. p : she is beautiful; q : she is happy. Then p:Suman is brilliant

Y
(~ p )  (~ q ) means Q:Suman is rich

EM
1) If she is beautiful then she is not happy R:Suman is honest
2) If she is not beautiful then she is happy The negation of the statement 'suman is brillint and
3) If she is not beautiful then she is not happy dis honest if and only if suman is rich' can be
expressed as:

) AD
4) If she is not happy then she is not beautiful
60. p : she is beautiful; q : she is happy. Then 1.~Q  ~P  R 2.~(P  ~ R)  Q
q  (~ p ) means 3.~ P  (Q  ~ R) 4.~ (Q  (P  ~ R))

N C
1) If she is beautiful then she is happy 4. The negation of the statement “If I become a teacher,
AI L A
2) If she is beautiful then she is not happy
3) If she is happy then she is not beautiful
then I will open a school”, is : [AIEEE-2012]
1) I will not become a teacher or I will open a school
4) If she is happy then she is beautiful
2) I will become a teacher and I will not open a school
(M A
61. p  p  q is
1) A tautology 2) A contradiction 3) Either I will not become a teacher or I will not open
E ON

3) A tautology and a contradicition a school

4) Neither a tautology nor a contradiction
4) Neither I will become a teacher nor I will open a
62. ( p  q )  ( q  r )  ( p  r ) is
JE TI

school
1) A tautology 2) A contradiction
3) A tautology and contradiction 5. Consider : [JEE(MAINS) - 2013]
CA

4) Neighter a tautology not a contradiction

63. [ (~ p )  p ]  [ p  (~ p ) ] is Statement-I :  p   q     p  q is a fallacy..
U

1) A tautology 2) A contradiction
3) A tautology and a contradiction Statem en t-II : (p  q)  (  p   q) is a
ED

4) Neither a tautology nor a contradiction tautology.

64. ( p  q )  [(r  p )  ( r  q )] is 1) Statement-I is true; Statement-II is true; Statement-
R.

1) A tautology 2) A contradiction II is not a correct explanation for Statement-I

3) A tautology and a contradiction
2) Statement-I is true; Statement-II is false.
S.

4) Neigther a tautology nor a contradiction

65.  p  ~ q   ~ p   q  is 3) Statement-I is false; Statement-II is true
1) A tautology 2) A contradiction 4) Statement-I is true; Statement-II is true; Statement-
3) A tautology and contradiction II is a correct explanation for Statement-I
4) Neigther a tautology nor a contradiction

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I-YEAR JEE (MAIN) MATHEMATICS MATHEMATICAL REASONING

EXERCISE - I
1. 1 11. 2 21. 2 31. 3 41. 1 51. 3 61. 1
2. 4 12. 1 22. 3 32. 1 42. 2 52. 3 62. 1
3. 1 13. 1 23. 1 33. 2 43. 3 53. 4 63. 2
4. 2 14. 3 24. 2 34. 3 44. 1 54. 2 64. 2
5. 3 15. 2 25. 3 35. 1 45. 3 55. 3 65. 2
6. 1 16. 4 26. 1 36. 2 46. 2 56. 4
7. 3 17. 1 27. 2 37. 3 47. 1 57. 3
8. 4 18. 2 28. 3 38. 1 48. 2 58. 3
9. 1 19. 3 29. 1 39. 2 49. 3 59. 3

Y
10. 4 20. 1 30. 2 40. 3 50. 2 60. 3

EM
) AD
N C
AI L A
PREVIOUS AIEEE KEY
(M A

1. 2 4. 2
E ON

2. 3 5. 1
3. 3
JE TI
CA
U
ED
R.
S.

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