COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES

1.- COMPARATIVE

* EQUALITY:

(NOT) AS + ADJECTIVE + AS = tan ..... como

My sister is as intelligent as him.
He is not as tall as Gasol.
The weather in Mexico is as hot as in Spain.
The weather in England is not as hot as in Spain.

* INFERIORITY:

LESS + ADJECTIVE + THAN = menos ...que

He is less tall than Gasol.
The weather in England is less hot than in Spain.
This exam is less difficult than the last one.

* SUPERIORITY:

1) Short adjectives: ADJECTIVE + er + THAN = más ... que

2) Long adjectives: MORE + ADJECTIVE + THAN = más ... que

He is taller than Gasol.
The weather in Spain is hotter than in England.
This exam is more difficult than the last one.
My sister is more intelligent than him.

2.- SUPERLATIVE

1) Short adjectives: THE + ADJECTIVE + est + (NOUN) + (IN /OF) = el /la más ...

2) Long adjectives: THE MOST + ADJECTIVE + (NOUN)+ (IN /OF) = el / la más ...

-The article “ THE” normally appears before the superlative form.

-The superlative form can be followed by a complement introduced by:
IN → When we refer to a PLACE
OF → in the rest of cases.

Jack is the tallest in the class.

Laura is the most energetic girl of the group.
The Nile is the longest river in the world.
This is the best film I’ve ever seen.
This is the most boring film I´ve ever seen.
This is the most difficult exam I´ve done.

3.- RULES TO USE “-ER / -EST or MORE / MOST”

3.1.- ADJECTIVE + -ER /-EST
With adjectives of one syllable and adjectives of two syllables ending in -y /-er/ -ow.
(pretty, friendly – clever – narrow)

SPELLING ADJECTIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE

Long longer the longest
Small smaller the smallest
Fast faster the fastest
High higher the highest
DOUBLE CONSONANT Big bigger the biggest
Thin thinner the thinnest
Slim slimmer the slimmest
Fat fatter the fattest
Y → ier /iest Easy easier the easiest
Busy busier the busiest
Pretty prettier the prettiest
Friendly friendlier the friendliest
Lucky luckier the luckiest
healthy healthier the healthiest
E → r /st Nice nicer the nicest
Large larger the largest
wide wider the widest

3.2.- MORE / MOST + ADJECTIVE

With adjectives of two or more syllables

ADJECTIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE

Interesting more interesting the most interesting
Boring more boring the most boring
Intelligent more intelligent the most intelligent
Beautiful more beautiful the most beautiful
Famous more famous the most famous
Dangerous more dangerous the most dangerous

4.- IRREGULAR FORMS

ADJECTIVE / *WORD COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE

Good better The best
Bad worse The worst
Far farther /further The farthest /furthest
*well (adv) better The best
*badly (adv) worse The worst
*much/many/a lot of more The most
*little less The least
*few fewer The fewest

I've got less money than she has.

There are fewer problems than there were before.

* Note:
It's getting hotter and hotter.
It's getting more and more dangerous. Autor: Miriam Rivas Llorens
EXERCISES

1. WRITE THE CORRECT COMPARATIVE FOR THESE SENTENCES

1 The Mississippi's longer than the Thames. (long)

2 This hotel's more comfortable than the other one. (comfortable)
3 I think this shop is BETTER THAN that one. (good)
4 The restaurant is EXPENSIVE THAN the
café. (expensive)
5 Simon's OLDER THAN Mark. (old)
6 I think Scotland is MORE BEAUTIFUL THAN _
England. (beautiful)
7 My brother's YOUNGER THAN I am. (young)
8 1 like this school because it's BIGGER THAN the other one.
(big)
9 Accommodation here is EXPENSIVE THAN in my country. (expensive)
10 The weather here is COLD THAN at home. (cold)
11 I think you're TELLER THAN your father now. (tall)
12 His homework was MORE BAD THAN mine, (bad)
13 This film is MORE INTERESTING THAN the one you wanted to see.
(interesting)
14 The journey is LONGGER THAN I thought. (long)
15 This lesson is MORE DIFFICULT THAN the last one. (difficult)

2. WRITE THE CORRECT COMPARATIVE FOR THESE SENTENCES

1 He is more helpful than he used to be. (helpful)

2 It was slowly getting hotter and hotter (hot)
3 I had AS LITTLE time than T needed to finish the job.(little)
4 Peter gets MORE SELFISH and MORE SELFISH all the time (selfish)
5 You seem AS HAPPY you were yesterday (happy)
6 My chair was getting MORE UNCOMFORTABLE and AS UNCOMFORTABLE
(uncomfortable)
7 We need YOUNGER actors for this film (young)
8 I think that the new salesman is MORE HONEST THAN _ the last one. (honest)
9 This road is LONGER and MORE DANGEROUS THAN the other one.
(long/dangerous)
10 Is the new car MORE EXPENSIVE THAN the old one? (expensive)
11 This system is EAISER THAN the last one we had. (easy)
12 People here are MORE POLITE THAN they are at home
(polite)
13 The man was getting ANGRY and ANGRY (angry)
14 The city is MORE CROWLED THAN it used to be. (crowded)
15 She was feeling MORE MISERABLE THAN she had been earlier.
(miserable)
16 Computers are MORE COMPLICATED THAN _ nowadays
(complicated)
17 I think trains are FASTER and MORE COMFORTABLE cars
(fast/comfortable)
18 We will have to think of a BETTER THAN method (good)
19 I'm beginning to feel MORE HOPEFUL about the results. (hopeful)
20 She seems to be getting THINNDER and THINNER_ (thin)
21 My new dictionary is a lot USEFUL THAN the last one. (useful)
22 These trousers are too wide. Do you have any that are NORROWER ? (narrow)
23 AS FEW young people learn to play musical instruments than in the past (few)
24 The film got MORE BORING and BORING until I fell
asleep! (boring)
25 I think that people who live in villages are MORE FRIENDLY people in big cities (friendly)
26 Her new job is a lot OF STRESSFUL the last one. (stressful)
3. COMPLETE THE SENTENCES USING THE COMPARATIVE FORM

1 It's hotter here than in London. (hot)

2 She's more imaginative than her brother. (imaginative)
3 He's OLDER than all the other students. (old)
4 Do you think Pat is MORE INTELLIGENT _ than Brian?
(intelligent)
5 5 This school is _ OLDER FASHIONED _ than ours. (old-
fashioned)
6 The computer was MORE EXPRESSIVE than 1 thought.
(expensive)
7 The rooms are MORE CLEAN than they used to be. (clean)
8 He's MORE HEATLY than he was a year ago. (healthy)
9 Do you think English is MORE DIFFICULT than French. (difficult)
10 He eats a lot - he's getting FATTER and FAT
(fat)
11 11 His face was getting _ MORE RED and RED (red)
12 He was ANGRIER _____ than T had ever seen him before. (angry)
13 Big cars are MORE CONFORTABLE than small ones. (comfortable)
14 My exam was WORSE ________ than I had thought. (bad)
15 The road becomes NARROWER ______ after four or five miles. (narrow)
16 I'm sure I'll find New York MORE EXCITING than Houston. (exciting)
17 I need to go to the doctor; this cough is getting WORSE and WORSE (bad)
18 He thinks Charlie Chaplin is FUNNIER _______ than Mr Bean. (funny)
19 Their ticket was CHEAPER than mine because they flew on Sunday. (cheap)
20 My son is a lot OF LAZY now that he's a teenager. (lazy)

4. WRITE THE SUPERLATIVES OF THE WORDS GIVEN

1 This is the biggest building in the world, (big building)

2 This is _ MORE COMFORTABLE CHAIR here. (comfortable chair)
3 He bought THE MOST EXPENSIVE FLOWERS in the shop. (expensive flowers)
4 I think she's ________ THE BETTER SINGER of the group. (good singer)
5 He's THE MOST CAREFUL DRIVER of the company. (careful driver)
6 Who's THE OLDEST STUDIENT _in the class? (old student)
7 It's THE WORST FILM I've ever seen. (bad film)
8 She's _ THE MOST INTELLIGENT of all the students. (intelligent)
9 It was THE MOST BEAUTIFUL MUSIC I had ever heard. (beautiful music)
10 He's THE MOST HELPFUL ______ of all the assistants. (helpful)
11 He's THE YOUNGEST _________ in his class. (young)
12 This is THE PORREST COUNTRY in the world. (poor country)
13 She's THE STRANGET PERSON __ I've ever met. (strange person)
14 I didn't answer THE MOST DIFFICULT questions.
(difficult)
15 15 Peter's _ THE OLDEST of them all. (old)
7. COMPARATIVE OR SUPERLATIVE??

1 We´ve got (big) problems to worry about = COMPARATIVE

2 Which is (high) mountains in the world?= SUPERLATIVE
3 Is it much (cold) in New York? = COMPARATIVE
4 Those were (happy) days of my childhood = SUPERLATIVE
5 You´re (lucky) person in the world = SUPERLATIVE
6 You´re (lucky) than I am = COMPARATIVE
7 And then, (unbelievable) thing happened = SUPERLATIVE
8 She was much (fat) the last time I saw her = COMPARATIVE
9 The film was (boring) than I expected = COMPARATIVE
10 These are too large, Do you have any (small) ones?=COMPARATIVE
11 Was she (young) girl in the group? = SUPERLATIVE
12 He is (lazy) now than he ever was = COMPARATIVE
13 That is (expensive) picture in the shop = SUPERLATIVE
14 He was driving (fast) than usual = COMPARATIVE
15 I worked (hard) than John = COMPARATIVE
16 It probably takes (long) than an hour = COMPARATIVE
17 This is the (bad) thing that could ever happen to me = COMPARATIVE
18 My (old) sister is a doctor = SUPERLATIVE
19 It´s (bad) than I thought = COMPARATIVE
20 It´s (cold) today than it was yesterday? =COMPARATIVE

8. TRANSLATE INTO SPANISH

1 Es casi tan alto como yo (tall / me)

2 Regresaré tan pronto como pueda (come back / soon)
3 Es tan estúpido como su hermano
4 La maleta es tan pesada como el bolso (case / heavy / bag)
5 No eres tan listo como crees (clever / think)
6 No soy tan tonto como crees (stupid)
7 ¿Te sientes mejor ahora? (feel)
8 Llevo aquí más tiempo que ellos (be / long)
9 He trabajado más que nadie (hard / anybody else)
10 Es uno de los mejores escritores del mundo
11 Eso no es lo más importante (important thing)
12 Fue más fácil de lo que esparaba ( easy / expect)
13 Él es mayor de lo que imaginas (old / think)
14 Yo lo hice mejor que él (do)
15 Yo canto mejor que ella
16 Me tratan peor que a ella (treat)
17 Cuanto más lo intento, peor lo hago (try / do)
18 Cuanto más lo pienso, menos me gusta (think / like)
19 Cuanto más idiomas aprendas, mejor para tu futuro (languages / learn)
20 Cuantas más hablo con él, mejor me cae (talk to / like)